X. If temptation be proprium quarto modo of the devil? denied. Aquinas.

XI. Whether one devil can illuminate another? Aquinas.

XII. If there would have been any females born in the state of innocence? Aquinas.

XIII. If the creation was finished in fix days, becaufe fix is the most perfect number, or if fix be the most perfect number, because the creation was finished in fix days? Aquinas.

There were several others, of which in the courfe of the life of this learned perfon we may have occafion to treat; and one particularly that remains undecided to this day; it was taken from the learned Suarez.

XIV. An præter effe reale actualis effentia fit aliud effe neceffarium quo res actualiter exiftat? In Englifh thus. Whether befides the real being of actual being, there be any other being neceffary to caufe a thing to be?

This brings into my mind a project to banish metaphyfics out of Spain, which it was fuppofed might be effectuated by this method: that no body fhould ufe any compound or decompound of the fubftantial verbs but as they are read in the common con-jugations for every body will allow, that if you debar a metaphyfician from ens, effentia, entitas, fubfiftentia, &c. there is an end of him.

Crambe regretted extremely, that fubftantial forms, a race of harmless beings which had lafted for many years, and afforded a comfortable fubfist-ence to many poor philofophers, fhould be now hunted down like fo many wolves, without the poffibility of a retreat. He confidered that it had gone much harder with them than with effences, which had retired from the schools into the apothecaries fhops, where fome of them had been advanced into the degree of quinteffences. He thought there fhould.

D 3

fhould be a retreat for poor fubftantial forms, amongst the gentlemen-ufhers at court; and that there were indeed fubftantial forms, such as forms of prayer, and forms of government, without which the things themselves could never long fubfist. He alfo ufed to wonder that there was not a reward for fuch as could find out a fourth figure in logic, as well as for those who should difcover the longitude.

COR

CHAP. VIII.

ANATOMY.

NORNELIUS, it is certain, had a moft fuper ftitious veneration for the ancients; and, if they contradicted each other, his reafon was fo pliant and ductile, that he was always of the opinion of the last he read. But he reckoned it a point of honour never to be vanquished in a difpute; from which quality he acquired the title of invincible Doctor. While the profeffor of anatomy was demonftrating to his fon the feveral kinds of inteftines, Cornelius affirmed that there were only two, the colon and the aichos, according to Hippocrates, who it was impoffible could ever be miftaken. It was in vain to affure him this error proceeded from want of accuracy in dividing the whole canal of the guts: "fay what you please," he replied, "this is both mine and Hippocrates's opinion." "You may, with equal reason, (anfwered the profeffor,) affirm, that a man's liver hath five lobes, and deny the cir culation of the blood." "Ocular demonftration, (faid Cornelius,) feems to be on your fide, yet I fhall not give it up: fhow me any vifcus of a human body, and I will bring you a monfter that differs from the common rule in the ftructure of it. If Nature fhews fuch variety in the fame age,

why

may

may the not have extended it further in feveral ages? Produce me a man now of the age of an antediluvian; of the strength of Sampson, or the fize of the giants. If in the whole, why not in parts of the body, may it not be poffible the present generation of men may differ from the ancients? the moderns have perhaps lengthened the channel of the guts by gluttony, and diminished the liver by hard drinking. Though it shall be demonftrated that modern blood circulates, yet I will believe, with Hippocrates, that the blood of the ancients had a flux and reflux from the heart, like a tide.

Con

fider how luxury hath introduced new diseases, and with them, not improbably altered the whole courfe of the fluids. Confider how the current of mighty rivers, nay the very channels of the ocean are changed from what they were in ancient days, and can you be fo vain to imagine that the microcofm of the human body alone is exempted from the fate of all things? I queftion not but plausible conjectures may be made even as to the time when the blood first began to circulate." Such disputes as these fre quently perplexed the profeffor to that degree, that he would now and then in a paffion leave him in the middle of a lecture, as he did at this time.

There unfortunately happened foon after, an unufual accident, which retarded the profecution of the ftudies of Martin. Having purchafed the body of a malefactor, he hired a room for its diffection near the pest fields in St. Giles's, at a little distance from Tyburn-road. Crambe (to whofe care this body was committed,) carried it thither about 12 a clock at night in a hackney-coach, few housekeepers being very willing to let their lodgings to fuch kind of operators. As he was foftly italking up stairs in the dark with the dead man in his arms, his burden had like to have flipped from him, which he (to fave from falling,) grasped fo hard about the belly, that it forced the wind through the anus, with a noise exactly like the crepitus of a living man. Crambe

Crambe (who could not comprehend how this part of the animal economy could remain in a dead man,) was fo terrified, that he threw down the body, ran up to his mafter, and had fcarce breath to tell him what had happened. Martin with all his philofophy could not prevail upon him to return to· his poft. "You may fay what you please, (quoth Crambe,) no man alive ever broke wind more naturally; nay, he feemed to be mightily relieved by it." The rolling of the corpfe down ftairs made fuch a noife that it awaked the whole house. The maid fhrieked, the landlady cried out, thieves: but the landlord, in his fhirt as he was, taking a candle in one hand, and a drawn sword in the other, ven tured out of the room. The maid with only a fingle petticoat ran up ftairs, but spurning at the dead body, fell upon it in a swoon. Now the landlord. ftood ftill and liftened, then he looked behind him, and ventured down in this manner, one step after another, till he came where lay his maid, as dead, upon another corpfe unknown. The wife ran into the street and cried out, murder! The watch ran in, while Martin and Crambe, hearing all this uproar, were coming down ftairs. The watch imagined they were making their escape, seized them immediately, and carried them to a neighbouring juftice; where, upon fearching them, feveral kinds of knives and dreadful weapons were found upon them. The juftice first examined Crambe. "What is your name?" fays the juftice. "I have acquired (quoth Crambe,) no great name as yet; they call me Crambe, or Crambo, no matter which, as to myself; though it may be some dispute to posterity." "What is yours and your master's profef fion?" "It is our business to imbrue our bands in "blood; we cut off the heads, and pull out the "hearts of those that never injured us; we rip up "big-bellied women, and tear children limb from limb." Martin endeavoured to interrupt him;

but

I

but the juftice being strangely astonished with the franknefs of Crambe's confeffion, ordered him to: proceed; upon which he made the following fpeech:

"May it please your Worship, as touching the "body of this man, I can anfwer each head that "my accufers alledge against me, to a hair.. They "have hitherto talked like num-fcúlls without "brains; but if your worthip will not only give

ear, but regard me with a favourable eye, I will "not be brow beaten by the fupercilious looks of my adverfaries, who now ftand cheek by jowl by your Worship. I will prove to their faces, that "their foul mouths have not opened their lips. "without a falfity; though they have showed their "teeth as if they would bite off my hofe. Now, "Sir, that I may fairly flip my neck out of the “collar, I beg this matter may not be flightly fki"med over. Though I have no man here to back. 66 me, I will unbofom myself, fince truth is on my "fide, and fhall give them their bellies full, though "they think they have me upon the hip. Whereas they fay I came into their lodgings, with arms, and murdered this man without their privity, E "declare I had not the leaft finger in it; and fince "I am to ftand upon my own legs, nothing of this matter shall be left till I fet it upon a right foot. "In the vein I am in, I cannot for my heart's "blood and guts bear this ufage: I fhall not spare

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68.

my lungs to defend my good name: I was ever "reckoned a good liver; and I think I have the "bowels of compaffion. I afk but juftice, and "from the crown of my head, to the fole of my "foot, I fhall ever aknowledge myfelf your Wor"fhip's humble servant."

The juftice ftared, the landlord and landlady lifted up their eyes, and Martin fretted, while Crambe talked in this rambling incoherent manner; ill at length Martin begged to be heard. It was