INTRANSITIVE OR NEUTER VERBS. 156. Intransitive or neuter verbs, if the root end in a consonant, are conjugated like bol-ná, 'to speak ;' and if the root end in a vowel, like lá-ná, 'to bring.' N.B.-These two verbs must be regarded as neuter from the fact of their not admitting ne in the past tenses. Kah-ná, 'to INTRANSITIVES ENDING IN CONSONANTS. Model, BOL-NÁ, 'to speak.' Infinitive and verbal noun, bol-ná, 'to speak,' bol-ne ká, -ke -kí, ' of speaking.' A. Root and 2nd sing. imperative, bol, 'speak thou.' B. Present participle, bol-tá, f. bol-tí, pl. bol-te, f. bol-tin, 'speaking.' C. Past participle, bol-á, f. bol-í, pl. bol-e, f. bol-in, ‘spoken.' A. Three tenses from the root. 1. Aorist (or potential), ' may speak." f. f. f. f. f. f. 1. main bol-ún ham bol-en tum bol-o we bol-en -bol-en-ge (-gin) - bol-o-ge (-gin) - bol-en-ge(-gin) 3.- bol-ún - bol - bol-e - bol-en R. bol-iye, fut. bol-iyegá f. -ti thi thá} -bol-tá thá f. -ti thi } -bol-tá thá f. -ti thi } 159. B. Three tenses from the present participle. 1. Present indefinite, 'would speak.' 2. Present definite, 'am speaking.' 3. Imperfect, 'was speaking.' f. f. 1. main bol-tá (-tí) tú bol-tá (-tí) f. wuh bol-tá (-tí) 2.- bol-tá (-tí) hún – bol-tá (-tí) hai – bol-tá (-tí) hai 3.-bol-tá thá 160. f. -ti thin } f. -ti thin C. Three tenses from the past participle. 1. Perfect indefinite, 'spoken.' 2. Perfect definite, 'have spoken.' 3. Pluperfect, had spoken.' f. tum bol-te(-tin) we bol-te (-tin) - bol-te (-tí) ho - bol-te (-tí) hain -bol-te the -bol-te the we bol-e (-in) - bol-e (-) hain f. bol-i thi } - bol-ả thả - bol-e the f. bol-i thi f. bol-i thin } - bol-e the f. bol-i thin Conjunctive participle, bol, bol-e, bol-ke, bol-kar, bol-karke, bol-karkar, 'having spoken.' bol-e the f. bol-i thin } Adjective participles; present, bol-tá hú-á (f. bol-tí hú-í; pl. or inflected, bol-te hú-e; f. bol-tí hú-in) 'speaking;' past, bol-á hú-á (f. bol-i hú-í; pl. or inflected, bol-e hú-e; f. bol-í hú-in) 'spoken.' Adverbial participle, bolte-hi, 'immediately on speaking,' 'in the act of speaking.' Noun of agency, bolne-wálá, a speaker, one who speaks.' INTRANSITIVES ENDING IN VOWELS. 161. Observe.-Intransitive verbs ending in vowels only differ from those ending in consonants by inserting y before the á of the past participle (in accordance with r. 150), and by optionally inserting w before the e and en of the aorist (or potential), future, and imperative. 162. Model, Lá-NÁ, 'to bring.' Infinitive and verbal noun, láná, 'to bring,' lá-ne ká, -ke, -ki, 'of bringing.' A. Root and 2nd sing. imperative, lá, 'bring thou.' B. Present participle, lá-tá, f. lá-tí, pl. lá-te, f. lá-tín, 'bringing.' C. Past participle, lá-y-á, f. lá-í, pl. lá-e, f. lá-ín, 'brought.' 163. A. Three tenses from the root. 1. Aorist (or potential), 'may bring.' 2. Future, 'shall bring.' 3. Imperative, 'bring.' R. Respectful, 'be pleased to bring,' 'will be pleased to bring.' f. 1. main lá-ún tú lá-(w)e 2.-lá-ún-gá(-gí) −lá-(w)e-gá(-gí) −lá-(w)e-gá(-gí) f. f. wuh lá-(w)e lả-(20)en-ge(-gin) —lá-o-ge(-gin) lả-(0)en-ge(-gin) 164. B. Three tenses from the present participle. 1. Present indefinite, 'would bring.' 2. Present definite, am bringing.' 3. Imperfect, 'was bringing.' The feminine forms will be, for 1. lá-tí, etc., pl. lá-tín, etc.; for 2. lá-tí hún, etc., pl. lá-tí hain, etc.; for 3. lá-ti thi, etc., pl. lá-tí thin, etc. 165. C. Three tenses from the past participle. 1. Perfect indefinite, brought.' 2. Perfect definite, 'have brought.' 3. Pluperfect, 'had brought. f. f. 1. main lá-yá (lá-í) tú lá-yá (lá-í) wuhlá-yá(lá-í) 2. lá-g(lá-i)hún lá-gả(lả-i)hai lá-gủ(lá-i)hai Conjunctive participle, lá, lá-e, lá-ke, lá-kar, lá-karke, lá-karkar, 'having brought.' } ham lá-e (-in) - lá-e (-i) hain lá-e the - lá-e the f. lá-i thin Adjective participles: present, lá-tá hú-á (f. lá-tí hú-i; pl. or inflected, lá-te hú-e; f. lá-ti hú-in) 'bring ing;' past, lá-yá hú-á (f. lá-í hú-2; pl. or inflected, lá-e hú-e ; f. lá-í hú-in) 'brought.' Adverbial participle, láte-hi, 'immediately on bringing,' 'in the act of bringing.' Noun of agency, láne-wálá, 'a bringer,' 'one who brings.' 166. PASSIVE VOICE WITH JÁNÁ, 'TO GO.' The passive voice is formed by prefixing the past participle (changeable to agree with a plural or feminine nominative) of any active verb to the tenses of the neuter verb jáná, 'to go;' thus, már-á já-ná, 'to be beaten' aorist (or potential), main már-á já-ún, 'I may be beaten;' future, we már-e já(w)enge, "they shall be beaten;'wuh már-í já(w)egź, ‘she will be beaten.' The past participle of já-ná is ga-yá irregularly (f. ga-i, pl. ga-e, f. ga-in). In other respects it is like lá-ná, as follows: 167. JÁ-NÁ, 'to go.' Infinitive and verbal noun já-ná, 'to go,' já-ne-ká, -ke, ki, of going.' A. Root and 2nd sing. imperative, já, 'go thou.' B. Present participle, já-tá, f. já-tí, pl. já-te, f. já-tín, 'going.' C. Past participle, ga-y-á, f. ga-i, pl. ga-e, f. ga-in, 'gone.' |