Look, how thou dream'st!-I say again, give out, 1 To stop all hopes, whose growth may damage me.— Is thy name-Tyrrel?3 VII, immediately after the battle of Bosworth, and his education being consequently entirely neglected, he is described by Polydore Virgil at the time of his death (in 1499) as an idiot; and his account (which was copied by Hall and Holinshed) was certainly a sufficient authority for Shakspeare's representation: "Edouardus Varvici comes in carcere ab incunabulis extra hominum ferarumque conspectum nutritus, qui gallinam ab ansere non facile internosceret, cum nullo suo delicto supplicium quærere posset, alieno ad id tractus est." Malone. 11 ·it stands me much upon,] i. e. it is of the utmost consequence to my designs. The same phrase occurs in The Comedy of Errors: "Consider how it stands upon my credit." See also Antony and Cleopatra, Act II, sc. i. Steevens. 21 But I am in So far in blood, that sin will pluck on sin.] The same reflections occur in Macbeth: Again: I am in blood "Step'd in so far, that should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious," &c. "Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." Steevens. 3 Is thy name- -Tyrrel?] It seems, that a late editor (who boasts much of his fidelity in "marking the places of action, both general and particular, and supplying scenical directions,") throughout this scene, has left King Richard on his throne; whereas he might have learnt from the following passage in Sir John Harrington's Metamorphosis of Ajax, 1596, that the monarch appeared, during the present interview with Tyrrel, on an elevation of much less dignity. "The best part (says Sir John) of our chronicles, in all men's opinions is that of Richard the third, written as I have heard by Moorton, but as most suppose, by that worthy and in Tyr. James Tyrrel, and your most obedient subject. K. Rich. Art thou, indeed? Tyr. Prove me, my gracious lord. K. Rich. Dar'st thou resolve to kill a friend of mine? Tyr. Please you; but I had rather kill two enemies. K. Rich. Why, then thou hast it; two deep enemies, Foes to my rest, and my sweet sleep's disturbers, Are they that I would have thee deal upon:4 Tyrrel, I mean those bastards in the Tower. Tyr. Let me have open means to come to them, And soon I'll rid you from the fear of them. K. Rich. Thou sing'st sweet musick. Hark, come hither, Tyrrel; Go, by this token :-Rise, and lend thine ear: There is no more but so:-Say, it is done, Re-enter BUCKINGHAM. [Whispers Buck. My lord, I have consider'd in my mind The late demand that you did sound me in. [Exit. K. Rich. Well, let that rest. Dorset is fled to Richmond. Buck. I hear the news, my lord. K. Rich. Stanley, he is your wife's son:-Well, look to it. corrupt magistrate Sir Thomas More, sometime lord chancellor of England, where it is said, how the king was devising with Teril to have his nephews privily murdred; and it is added, he was then sitting on a draught; a fit carpet for such a counsel." See likewise Holinshed, Vol. II, p. 735. Steevens. For Richard's mode of proceeding on this occasion, there are, it appears, many ancient and dignified precedents. "Maximilian the emperor," says old Montaigne, "with other customes of his had this one, most contrary to other princes, (who, to dispatch their weightiest affaires, make often their ce s-1 their regal throne or council-chamber,) which was," &c. Florio's Translation, 1603. Malone. deal upon:] So, in Have with you to Saffron Walden, &c. by Nashe, 1596: "At Wolfe's he's billeted, sweating and dealing upon it most intentively." See also my note on Antony and Cleopatra, Act III, sc. ix. Steevens. deal upon:] i. e. act upon. We should now say-deal with; but the other was the phraseology of our author's time. Malone. Buck. My lord, I claim the gift, my due by promise, For which your honour and your faith is pawn'd; The earldom of Hereford, and the moveables, Which you have promised I shall possess. K. Rich. Stanley, look to your wife; if she convey Letters to Richmond, you shall answer it. Buck. What says your highness to my just request? K. Rich. I do remember me Henry the sixth Did prophecy, that Richmond should be king, When Richmond was a little peevish boy. A king!-perhaps 5 The earldom of Hereford, &c.] Thomas, Duke of Gloster, the fifth son of Edward the Third, married one of the daughters and coheirs of Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford. The Duke of Gloster's nephew, Henry Earl of Derby, (the eldest son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, the fourth son of Edward the Third) who was afterwards King Henry IV, married the other daughter of the Earl of Hereford. The moiety of the Hereford estate, which had been possessed by that King, was seized on by Edward IV, as legally devolved to the crown, on its being transferred from the house of Lancaster to that of York. Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham was lineally descended from Thomas Duke of Gloster, his only daughter Anne having married Edmund Earl of Stafford, and Henry being the great grandson of Edmund and Anne. In this right he and his ancestors had possessed one half of the Hereford estate; and he claimed and actually obtained from Richard III, after he usurped the throne, the restitution of the other half, which had been seized on by Edward; and also the earldom of Hereford, and the office of Constable of England, which had long been annexed by inheritance to that earldom. See Dugdale's Baronage, Vol. I, p. 168, 169. Many of our historians, however, ascribe the breach between him and Richard to Richard's refusing to restore the moiety of the Hereford estate; and Shakspeare has followed them. Thomas Duke of Gloster was created Earl of Hereford in 1386, by King Richard II, on which ground the Duke of Buckingham had some pretensions to claim a new grant of the title; but with respect to the moiety of the estate, he had not a shadow of right to it; for supposing that it devolved to Edward IV, with the crown, it became, after the murder of his sons, the joint property of his daughters. If it did not devolve to King Edward IV, it belonged to the right heirs of King Henry IV. Malone. 6 A king! perhaps —] From hence to the words, Thou troublest me, I am not in the vein-have been left out ever since the first editions; but I like them well enough to replace them. Pope. The allusions to the plays of Henry VI, are no weak proofs of the authenticity of these disputed pieces. Johnson. Buck. My lord, K. Rich. How chance, the prophet could not at that time, Have told me, I being by, that I should kill him? K. Rich. Richmond!-When last I was at Exeter, The mayor in courtesy show'd me the castle, And call'd it-Rouge-mont: at which name, I started; Because a bard of Ireland told me once, I should not live long after I saw Richmond. Buck. My lord, K. Rich. Buck. Ay, what's o'clock? I am thus bold To put your grace in mind of what you promis'd me. K. Rich. Well, but what is 't o'clock? Buck. Of ten. K. Rich. Well, let it strike." Buck. Upon the stroke Why let it strike? K. Rich. Because that, like a Jack,1 thou keep'st the stroke These allusions, I trust, have been sufficiently accounted for in the Dissertation annexed to the preceding play. Malone. 7 I being by,] The Duke of Gloster was not by when Henry uttered the prophecy. See Vol. X, p. 393. Our author seldom took the trouble to turn to the plays to which he referred. Malone. 8 Rouge-mont:] Hooker, who wrote in Queen Elizabeth's time, in his description of Exeter mentions this as a "very old and antient castle, named Rugemont; that is to say, the Red Hill, taking that name of the red soil or earth whereupon it is situated." It was first built, he adds, as some think, by Julius Cæsar, or rather, and in truth, by the Romans after him. Reed. 9 Well, let it strike ] This seems to have been a proverbial sentence. So, in Pierce's Supererogation, &c. by Gabriel Harvey, 4to. 1593: "Let the clock strike: I have lost more howers, and lose nothing if I find equity." Malone. 1 Because that, like a Jack, &c.] An image, like those at St. Dunstan's church in Fleet Street, and at the market-houses at several towns in this kingdom, was usually called a Fack of the clock-house. See Cowley's Discourse on the government of Oliver Cromwell. [Vol. II, p. 650, edit. 1710.] Richard resembles Buckingham to one of those automatons, and bids him not suspend the stroke on the clock-bell, but strike, that the hour may be past, and himself be at liberty to pursue his meditation. Sir J. Hawkins. Betwixt thy begging and my meditation. I am not in the giving vein to-day. Buck. Why, then resolve me whe'r you will, or no. K. Rich. Thou troublest me; I am not in the vein. [Exeunt K. RICH. and Train. Buck. And is it thus? repays he my deep service With such contempt? made I him king for this? O, let me think on Hastings; and be gone To Brecknock,2 while my fearful head is on. [Exit. So, in The Fleire, a comedy, 1610:-" their tongues are, like a Jack o' the clock, still in labour." Again, in The Coxcomb, by Beaumont and Fletcher: Is this your Jack o' the clock-house? "Will you strike, sir?" Again, in a pamphlet by Deckar, called the Guls Hornbook, 1609: "- - but howsoever, if Powles Jacks be once up with their elbowes, and quarrelling to strike eleven, as soon as ever the clock has parted them, and ended the fray with his hammer, let not the duke's gallery conteyne you any longer." Perhaps these figures were called Jacks, because the engines of that name which turn the spit were anciently ornamented with such a puppet. In The Gentleman Usher, a comedy, by Chapman, 1606, they are alluding to a roasting Jack, and a man says: 66 as in that quaint engine you have seen "A little man in shreds stand at the winder, 66 "Yet adds no force to it, nor nothing does." In Lantern and Candle-light, or The Bellman's Second Night-walk, &c. by Deckar, is a passage "of a new and cunning drawing of money from gentlemen," which may tend to a somewhat different explanation of the word-strike: "There is another fraternitie of wandring pilgrims, who merrily call themselves Jackes of the clock-house. The jacke of a clock-house goes upon screws, and his office is to do nothing but strike: so does this noise (for they walke up and down like fidlers) travaile with motions, and whatever their motions get them, is called striking." Steevens. A Jack with such a figure as Chapman hath described, was for many years exhibited, as a sign, at the door of a White-Smith's shop in the narrowest part of the Strand. Henley. These automatons were called' Jacks of the clock-house, because Jack in our author's time was a common appellation for a mean, contemptible fellow, employed by others in servile offices. Malone. 2 To Brecknock,] To the Castle of Brecknock in Wales, where the Duke of Buckingham's estate lay. Malone. |