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of George III - The parliamentary struggle-Suicide of Chancellor
Yorke Lord Chatham's assaults against the King and his Ministry-
Junius on the side of the Earl-London and Westminster on the same
side-Lord Chatham called a madman by his opponents - He tries to
engage in a war against Spain-Vituperates the peace-Junius vituper-
ates the King's personal cowardice-George III. resists, sustaining his
Ministers-Opposition fails-Junius abuses the King outrageously-Lord
Chatham's political disgust and despondency-His last frown and last
blow at Lord Mansfield.

CHAPTER VIII.

A CONSIDERATION OF THE CURIOUS AND COMPLICATED SYSTEM OF ATTACKS
AND DEFENSES ADOPTED BY LORD CHATHAM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
HIS MYSTERY
161

Strategy of the Miscellaneous Series of the letters-Curious and com-
plicated attacks on Lord Hillsborough-Letter of "Nerva," against Lord
Chatham and for Mansfield, recognized as Junius's-Mr. Simons, of the
British Museum-Letter to a Brigadier-general certainly by Junius —
New pamphlet by the same hand-Double discomfiture of Brigadier-
general Townsend-Pitt the patron and friend of General Wolfe-Char-
acter of that hero-His behavior at dinner with the great War-minister-
Lord Mahon's piece of gossip-Pitt's fierce habit of letter-writing.

CHAPTER IX.

COTEMPORARY EVIDENCES; SHOWING THAT THE ACUTEST JUDGES OF
THAT PERIOD CONSIDERED JUNIUS TO BE LORD CHATHAM
189

Motives of men's silence respecting Lord Chatham-Horne Tooke's
sentiments respecting Junius-He sees Lord Chatham's policy in the
letters-Nearly pushes off the mask-Burke's ideas of Junius - His
speeches in the House of Commons concerning Lord Chatham's strange
retreat and the audacity of Junius-Burke believed Junius attacked his
friends, and even himself, to guard the secret-Wilkes's reverent way
of talking to the Shadow-Considers Junius a political Jove-Woodfall's
profound respect and obedience-Dr. Johnson's attack on Chatham and
Junius together-Alderman Beckford's curious admission of the iden-
tity.

Philip Francis and Mr. Boyd, reporters of the Earl of Chatham-His
style the same, however reported-Francis reported for other Lords-
Admissions of Lady Francis-Her letter in Campbell's "Lives of the
Chancellors"-Her argument that Francis was a precocious genius-The
Indian appointment and £10,000 a year-Junius not bribed-Francis's
pamphlet on the Regency-Speeches in parliament-Expostulation with
Mr. Brougham-His remarkable letters to Edmund Burke-Playing
Junius-Burke's way of rebuking him.

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Recapitulation-The Grenville Correspondence-Mr. Smith's theory

of Lord Temple's authorship a futile one-The "three letters" mere
feints-The North British Review-The two letters addressed to Lord
Chatham-Cunning demonstrations made for a purpose-Mr. Macaulay's
War Office argument-The judge and jury test of this theme-Odium
of the letters-It would leave Lord Chatham's character as it was-His
biography imperfect without the letters-Junius impossible without the
antecedents of Lord Chatham-The fragments of a mutilated character
restored in the statue sculptured by Grattan.

JUNIUS, LORD CHATHAM.

CHAPTER I.

CONSIDERATION OF THE STRATEGY OF JUNIUS, AND THE VARIOUS CLAIMS AND OPINIONS ADVOCATED IN CONNECTION WITH THE AUTHORSHIP OF THE LETTERS.

"Tis a spirit; sometime it appears like a lord: sometime like a lawyer; sometime like a philosopher. He's very often like a knight; and, generally in all shapes that a man goes up and down in, between eighty and twenty-three, this spirit walks in.

TIMON OF ATHENS.

We have a number of shadows to fill up the muster-book.

FALSTAFF.

ONE of the classics of the English language,* is an author without a name, who lived and agitated the public mind in the time of Cowper and Burns. He was, as his letters sufficiently show, a man of genius, eloquence and subtlety -the last distinctive the greatest of the three. For, as regards the two first, we may find those who equal or ap

*In Mayhew's "London Labor and London Poor," we perceive that, among those works which a street seller of books esteems the English classics-such as the Spectator, the Vicar of Wakefield, Tom Jones, and Robinson Crusoe-he numbers the Letters of Junius. This is curious enough; for it is hard to explain why such a political literature should be at all attractive in our day. Perhaps it is the vituperative audacity which girds at all dignities and the great folk, that gives it a name, and generally recommends it in a popular way. On the whole, the letters are a tough kind of reading, and nobody, as yet, we believe, has got them up with the entertaining editions for railway passengers.

proach him; but nowhere can we find a cunning to match the artifice which, for over eighty years, has succeeded in confusing and baffling the curious inquiries of the world. Everything proves that he was a wonder of intellectual strength and versatility; but the wonder that he has not been found out is a greater wonder than himself. Not that he has not been recognized. The identity has been known to many, and pointed out by a few, and there is not a discussion of that interesting mystery in which the true name does not necessarily and largely occur; while, in later discussions, it puts itself so prominently forward that one would think few could avoid recognizing it. Still, curiously enough, the general eye wanders over that Junian shape without resting upon it. In spite of a thousand considerations indicating the identity, there seems to have always been a disinclination to challenge it aloud. And this disinclination may naturally be explained as growing by degrees out of a system of precautions and dissuasives, operating, according to the design of Junius, long after he had departed, and also, due to the influences of his family concealing or controlling all sources of correct intelligence on the subject. Indeed, the greater number of those dissertations that have appeared in the Junian controversy-especially those having the greatest air of authority-seem to us far less intended to aid a discovery than to set investigators astray. The advocacy for Sir Philip Francis, aided by his own demeanor respecting it, was wonderfully calculated to divert the public mind from the true merits of the question, and the true way of investigating it. The Franciscans first created the court-room pettyfogging style of evidence. And

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