79. Great blunder committed by Lyndhurst in the Committee, 80. Crisis on

the dispute between the King and his Ministers about creating Peers to pass

the Reform Bill, 81. Lyndhurst sent for by the King to be the head of a new

Government, 82. The Duke of Wellington, by Lyndhurst's advice, to be

at the head of the Government, 83. The new Government extinguished, 84.

Lord Grey restored, 84. Lyndhurst's defence of his conduct in this affair, 85.

Lyndhurst abandons his opposition to the Reform Bill, 88. Peel constructs the

Conservative party, 88. Lyndhurst's factious policy, 89. His attack on the

Solicitor General, 89. He opposes the County Court Bill, 90. His inactivity in

1834, 92. Indiscreet dismissal of Lord Melbourne by William IV.,

93.

CHAPTER VI.

LORD CHANCELLOR DURING THE 100 DAYS, AND EX-CHANCELLOR DURING THE
ADMINISTRATION OF LORD MELBOURNE. NOVEMBER, 1834 SEPTEMBER, 1841.

Lyndhurst again Chancellor, 95. Meeting of a new Parliament, 96. Logomachy

between Lyndhurst and Brougham, 96. Sir R. Peel resigns, 99. Lyndhurst

again ex-Chancellor, 100. Lord Lyndhurst's bill about incestuous marriages,

100. Lyndhurst's opposition to the Municipal Reform Bill, 101. His speech to

support his plan of defeating the bill, 104. He mutilates the bill in committee,

106. Lord Denman charges Lyndhurst with inconsistency, 106. Lyndhurst's

defence of himself, 107. Peel takes part against Lyndhurst on the Municipal

Corporations Bill, 108. Lyndhurst vindicates his conduct, 108. Lyndhurst

irritates Brougham with a representation that Campbell was to be Chancellor,

109. Lyndhurst in the House of Lords "like a bull in a china shop," 110.

His renewed attack on the Attorney General for bribery at Stafford, 111.

Lyndhurst's obstructive policy, 112. Lyndhurst's "Review of the Session,"

113. Lord Melbourne's reply to him, 115. Lyndhurst supports the Prisoners'

Counsel Bill, answering his former speech against it, 116. Coalition of Lyndhurst

and Brougham against the Government, 116. Bill to abolish imprisonment

for debt, 118. Death of William IV., 119. Accession of Queen Victoria,.

119. Lyndhurst's Review of the Session, 120. His second marriage, 120. Bad

law laid down in debate by Brougham at the instigation of Lyndhurst, 121.

Growing unpopularity of the Melbourne Government, 122. Discussion about

Lyndhurst calling the Irish aliens in blood, language, and religion, 122.

Resignation of Lord Melbourne, 124. New Government upset by dispute about

Ladies of the Bedchamber, 124. Uniform penny postage carried, 125. Another

sessional review by Lord Lyndhurst, 126. Lyndhurst's conduct on the great

question respecting parliamentary privilege, 128. Lyndhurst's position in

1841, 130. General Election, 130.

CHAPTER VII.

LORD CHANCELLOR UNDER SIR ROBERT PEEL, SEPTEMBER, 1841-JULY, 1846.

Lyndhurst again Chancellor, 132. Prorogation, 7th Oct., 132-Conclusion of first

session of the new parliament, 132. Lyndhurst's obliging disposition, 133.

Lyndhurst's fourth Chancellorship, 133. Lyndhurst talis qualis, 134. Paucity

of his decisions, 135. Speaker Sutton's case, 135. Judicial business of the

House of Lords, 138. Johnstone v. Beattic, establishing the narrow-mindedness

of English lawyers, 139. The great case as to the necessity for a mass priest to

celebrate marriage, 141. Daniel O'Connell's case, 143. Lyndhurst as a member

of Peel's last cabinet, 146. Lyndhurst in the debates of the House of Lords, 147.

Lyndhurst's aid in amending the law of libel, 150. Disruption of the Church of

Scotland, 151. Lyndhurst a Liberal, 151. Lord Denman and the law of libel,

153. Bail in Error Bill thrown out by Lyndhurst, 153. Relation between

Peel and Lyndhurst, 154. Bail in Error Bill passed by Lyndhurst, 155. Lynd-

hurst's Charitable Trusts Bill, 155. Jew Bill, 155. Bills thrown out by

Government in the Commons which Lyndhurst supported in Lords, 156. Lynd-

hurst's proper treatment of cases of breach of privilege, 157. Q. Whether the

Sovereign can constitutionally leave the realm without making Lords Justices?

157. Sudden political changes in the autumn of 1845, 158. Introduction of

Sir Robert Peel's Bill for Repealing the Corn Laws, 158. Lord Lyndhurst's

great discovery in political economy, 159. Rejection of the Charitable Trusts

Bill by a coalition of Whigs and Protectionists, 159; and of the Irish Coercion

Bill, 160. Death by Accidents Bill: Mode of estimating the damages in case

of an actual or expectant Chancellor, 160. How the Corn Law Abolition Bill

passed through the House of Lords, 161.

CHAPTER VIII.

OUT OF OFFICE-1846-1854.

Lyndhurst's final resignation of office, 162. Lyndhurst's intrigue to bring about a

reconciliation between the Peelites and the Protectionists, and to turn out the

Whigs, 163. Lyndhurst resolves never again to meddle with politics, 166.

Lyndhurst in retirement, 166. Fusion dinner at Stratheden House, 167. His

country house, 167. His Life in London, 168. Lyndhurst again plunges into

politics, and becomes a Protectionist, 168. Lyndhurst's explosion upon the

Canada Compensation Bill, 169. Perpetual peace between Lord Lyndhurst and

Lord Campbell, 171. Lyndhurst begins a new political career, 172. Lyndhurst

very factious in the Session of 1851, 172. He is still more factious in the

beginning of 1852, 174. He becomes protector of Lord Derby's Government,

175. His eulogy on Lord St. Leonards, 175. His Bill to do away with the

penalties of præmunire, 176. His celebrated speech on Baron de Bode's case,

176. Blunders committed by Lord Derby's Government, 178. Lyndhurst's

patriotic conduct on the downfall of Lord Derby, 179. Lyndhurst's denunci-

ation of the outrageous conduct of Russia, 179. Lyndhurst's effort for the

complete emancipation of the Jews, 180. Laudable attention now given by

Lyndhurst to bills for amending the law, 182. His judgment in the great

Bridgewater case, 183.

CHAPTER IX.

1854 TO THE AUTUMN OF 1858.

Session of 1854, 188. Russian War, 188. He opposes my Foreign Intercourse Bill,

188. His residence in France, 190. Lord Palmerston Prime Minister, 190.

Lyndhurst's speech against Prussia, 190. Lyndhurst champion of the Jews,

192. Lyndhurst at Paris, 192. The Wensleydale life peerage, 192. Appellate

jurisdiction of the Lords, 193. Lyndhurst champion of the rights of women,

194.

Jew Bill again rejected, 196. Lyndhurst studies the Fathers, 197.

Session in spring of 1857, 197. Lyndhurst on the China question, 197. New

Parliament, 198. Lyndhurst on divorce, 199. Lyndhurst again supports the

Jew Bill without success, 199. His reckless conduct with respect to the case

of Sheddon v. Patrick, 200. Obscene Publications Bill, 201. Palmerston's

approaching fall, 202. Consequences of the plot to assassinate Louis Napoleon,

202. Diplomatic relations renewed between Lords Lyndhurst and Campbell,

203. Law as to aliens residing in England, 203. Final emancipation of the

Jews, 204. Character of Lord Lyndhurst, 207. His person, 209. His happi-

ness in domestic life, 209.

LORD CHANCELLOR BROUGHAM.

CHAPTER I.

HIS EARLY LIFE IN SCOTLAND, 1778-1805.

Qualifications and disqualifications of the Biographer to write this Memoir, 213.

"Brougham of that ilk," 214. Brougham's grandfather, 218. Father, 219.

Marriage of his father and mother, 219.. Birth of Lord Brougham, 220. His

precocious infancy, 222. Talents and virtues of his mother, 222. His school

education, 223. At College, 226. His papers sent to the Royal Society on

Light, 227. On Porisms, 228. His great success in debating societies, 229.

His irregularities, 229. At the Caledonian Hunt, 230. He chooses the profes-

sion of an Advocate, 232. His Law studies, 233. He founds the "Academy of

Physics," 234. His examinations and thesis before his call to the Bar, 235.

He resolves to make his fortune by defending pauper prisoners at the Assizes,

238. His appearance before Lord Eskgrove at Jedburgh, 238. The Judge

charged, 238. Brougham's defence of a sheep-stealer, 239. Q. Whether half-

boots are boots? 240. How far ebriety may be a defence for a husband beating

his wife, 240. Brougham's eccentricities, 241. His book on the Colonial Policy

of European Nations, 242. The Edinburgh Review,' 244. Brougham's contri-

butions to the first number, 245. English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' 246.

Brougham's critique on Professor Young, 247.

6

CHAPTER II.

FROM HIS REMOVAL TO ENGLAND TO THE DEATH OF GEORGE III., 1805-1820.

He resolves to transfer himself to the English bar, 249. He is entered of Lincoln's

Inn, 249. He comes to reside in London, 250. His great success in society in

London, 251. Accession to power of "All the Talents," 253. Brougham's visit

to Portugal, 253. His efforts for the Whigs when they were turned out, 254.

He is called to the bar, 255. His bad success at first, 255. Goes the Northern

Circuit, 255. Lord Eldon's misnomer, 256. Brougham and Campbell first

upon the stage together, 257. Brougham's resentment against the Whigs for

not bringing him into Parliament, 258. He becomes member for Camelford,

His month of silence, 260. His maiden speech, 261. His claims to the

259.

leadership of the Opposition, 262.

He devotes himself to Negro slavery,

264. His crusade against the Orders in Council, 267. His victory, 271.

Transient glimpse of office to the Whigs, 271. He is excluded from Parliament,

272. His unsuccessful candidature for Liverpool, 272. His bad opinion of the

Whig leaders, 273. His first great speech at the bar on "Military Flogging,"

274. The same publication held innocent at Westminster, and a libel in

Lincolnshire, 278. Brougham languishes when out of Parliament, 280. Origin

of his connection with Caroline of Brunswick, 281. He is restored to the

House of Commons, 282. His fecundity in debate, 283. His solution of

the evil with which he thought the country was afflicted from the low

price of corn, 284. His opposition to the "Six Acts," 285. His exposition of

the tactics of a rival orator, 286. Query as to the qualities by which the Scots

in leaving their own country succeed in life? 287. Best smelling-bottle for a

parliamentary antiquary, 287.

CHAPTER III.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL TO QUEEN CAROLINE.-1820-1821.

Death of George III., and position of Brougham at commencement of new reign,

289. Unhappy career of Caroline of Brunswick, 290. Brougham becomes

her legal adviser, 291. The Princess Charlotte of Wales, 292. Her elope-

ment, 292. Brougham's advice to her, 293. Object of the Regent to drive

Caroline abroad, 294. Brougham's advice to her to remain in England,

294. Her conduct in foreign countries, 295. Brougham's offer without her

authority that she should never return to England nor take the title of Queen,

295. Caroline becomes Queen on the death of George III., 296. She appoints

Brougham her Attorney General, 297. Brougham's mysterious conduct in not

communicating to the Queen a proposal intrusted to him on her behalf, 297.

Negotiations between the King and Queen, 298. Conference at St. Omer's, 300.

The Queen comes to England to claim her rights, 301. She is suspicious of

Brougham, 301. The Green Bag, 302. Brougham acts openly, boldly, and

skilfully, in defence of the Queen, 303. His threats of retaliation against the

King, 304. Diplomacy resorted to, 306. Rupture of the negotiation, 307.

Bill of Pains and Penalties introduced, 308. Preliminary proceedings respecting

it, 308. Queen's trial, 311. Brougham's great speech for the Queen, 313. Bill

ruined by a split among the Bishops, 321. Query Brougham's private opinion

as to the Queen's guilt? 322. Brougham's great popularity from his defence of

the Queen, 324. Sudden increase to his practice at the bar, 324. Queen's

claim to be crowned, 325. Queen's death, 327.

CHAPTER IV.

FROM THE DEATH OF QUEEN CAROLINE TILL HE BECOMES LORD CHANCELLOR.

1821-1830.

Brougham obliged to doff his silk gown and to don his stuff, 328. His speech

against Blacow, 328. The best speech he ever delivered against the clergy of

Durham and Dr. Philpotts, 330. Rapid review of the five years which inter-

vened between the Queen's death and the formation of Canning's Government,

337. Brougham's love of protection and horror of free-trade, 338. Motion in

the House of Commons that Brougham and Canning should be taken into

custody, 339. Abolition of duelling, 342. Brougham's speech on the case of

Smith the Missionary, by himself considered his best, 344. Brougham's attacks

on Lord Eldon, 345. Brougham on the elevation of Lord Gifford, 347. Change

caused by the sudden death of Lord Liverpool, 348. Canning's proposal to coalesce

with the Whigs, 349. Warmly supported by Brougham, 349. He refuses the office

of Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 350. He obtains a silk gown, and "takes his

place within the bar accordingly," 350. Brougham's defence of himself for

"going over," 351. Coalition against Canning in the House of Lords, 353.

Brougham's brilliant success for a time on the Northern Circuit, 354. His

coronation as Henry IX., 354. Death of Canning, 355. Lord Goderich's

Government, 355. The Duke of Wellington's Government, 355. Brougham's

struggle for the lead on the Opposition side, 356. Golden rule for getting on

well in society, 356. Brougham tries to alarm the nation about the dangerous

power now enjoyed by the Duke of Wellington, 357. Brougham's celebrated

six hours' speech on Law Reform, 357. Brougham as a legislator, 360.

Brougham's contests for the county of Westmorland, 360. Catholic Emanci-

pation carried, 361. Cessation of hostilities during the first Session of 1830,

362. State of parties, 363. George IV. moribund, 364. Accession of William

IV., 364. Effect in England of the Revolution in France in July, 1830, 364.

Brougham elected member for the county of York, 365. He is mounted on a

charger as Knight of the Shire, 366. Condition of the Duke of Wellington as

Minister, 367. He vainly attempts to please the ultra-Tories, 368. He insults

the Liberals, 368. Brougham declares war against the attorneys, 369. Forma-

tion of Lord Grey's Government, 370. What was to be done with Brougham? 370.

His explosion in the House of Commons, 371. Sensition produced by it, 372.

Conjecture as to the manner in which he obtained the Great Seal, 373.

He takes his seat on the woolsack, 375. He becomes Baron Brougham and Vaux,

376. He is made a peer, 377. His claim of a female barony, 377. Attack

upon him in the House of Commons, 377. Defence of him by Macintosh and

Macaulay, 378. His maiden speech in the House of Lords, 379. Brougham's

own astonishment at finding himself Chancellor, 380. His fitness for the

office, 380. His high plans and aspirations, 382. Concoction of the Reform

Bill, 383. The Chancellor's first attempt at legislation, 384. Lyndhurst

made Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 384. Chancery Reform, 386. Reform

Bill launched, 388. The King's Guard forced by the Lord Chancellor, 389.

Sudden dissolution of Parliament, 391. Fabulous statement upon Lord

Brougham's authority of his having assumed the functions of royalty, 392.

The King's early sincerity and zeal in the cause of Reform, 394. Part

acted by the Lord Chancellor in the prorogation scene, 395. The Lord

Chancellor's vindication, 397. Lord Brougham's celebrated speech on the

second reading of the Reform Bill, 397. Question as to the creation of

peers to carry the Reform Bill, 399. His attack on Lord Wynford, 400.

The Chancellor at the Coronation, 404. The second Reform Bill in the

House of Lords, 405. Great blunder committed by Lord Lyndhurst, 406.

Resignation of the Whig Ministers, 406. The Chancellor's employment during

the interregnum, 407. Reform finally carried, and Parliament prorogued,

410. Dispute between the King and his Ministers about dissolving the last