the Incantada of Salonicha. It confifts of five elegant Corinthian columns, on the entablature of which is fupported an attic, confifting of four fquare columns, correfponding with four of those below, (the fifth being broken down) and adorned with figures in alto relievo. When we speak of this as beautiful, we mean as restored by the ingenuity of the artist; for in the view which reprefents its prefent ftate, it appears a good deal disfigured, and a great part of the Corinthian columns is concealed by the accumulation of earth. To recommend fuch a volume as this must be altogether fuperfluous. The accuracy and knowledge of Mr. Stuart are well known, and the fidelity of this editor has been fully explained in the account we have produced from his preface. Were this otherwife, the purchasers of the first and fecond volumes would of course continue their fets by adding this; the great and material difference is, that under the prefent circumflances, they will make the purchase with fatisfaction. ART. II. A Greek and English Lexicon to the New Teftament; in which the Words and Phrafes occurring in thofe facred Books, are diftinctly explained, and the Meanings affigned to each, authorifed by References to Paffages of Scripture, and frequently illuftrated and confirmed by Citations from the Old Teftament, and from the Greek Writers. To this Work is prefixed, a plain and eafy Greek Grammar, adapted to the Use of Learners, and of those who understand no other Language than English. The Second Edition, Corrected, Enlarged, and Improved. By John Parkhurst, M. A. formerly Fellow of ClareHall, Cambridge. 4to. Lexicon, 793 PP. Grammar, 94 PP. 11, 18s, Robinsons. 1794. HE former edition of this laborious performance, which appeared in 1769, has been for many years out of print, and has been frequently fought after by perfons defirous of making fo valuable an addition to their libraries. These circumftances, we prefume, encouraged the venerable author to prefent the public with a second and confiderably improved edition. In our Review for September 1793, we noticed the third edition of Mr. Parkhurst's Hebrew and English Lexicon; and fpoke of it with the approbation it appeared to us to deferve. We are happy to find our judgment in this refpect confirmed by the extenfive fale which that Lexicon has already experienced; and as the work now before us is upon a similar plan, plan, it is with pleasure we announce, that in point of execution we do not think it inferior to the other. To give our readers fome notion of what they may expect from it, we fhall have recourfe to the Prolegomena of our ingenious au thor. "Proper names, he fays, being excepted (of which, however, I have inferted fome of the principal) the reader will here find all the words which occur in the New Teftament, whether Greek, Oriental, or Latin, placed in alphabetical order; together with the gender and ge nitive cafes of fubftantives, and the terminations of adjectives, which respectively denote the manner in which they are declined. As to the verbs, I had once fome thoughts of adding the firft futures, perfects, and other principal tenfes, as Schrevelius has done; but upon further confideration, I judged it would be more for the benefit of the learner, whenever he was at a lofs for the tenfes of a verb, carefully to attend its characteristic, and then to have immediate recourfe to the Grammar, where, I hope, he will rarely fail of meeting with full informa tion. "I have further endeavoured accurately to diftinguifh the primitive from the derived words; and that the reader may instantly, by a glance of his eye, difcern the one from the other, the former are printed in capitals, the latter in fmall letters." After fome judicious remarks on the common faults of etymologifts, Mr. Parkhurit then proceeds: "The truth of the cafe is plainly this; that whatever were the nature of that confufion at Babel, yet it is as evident as any matter of fact can be, that the traces of great numbers of Hebrew words are preferved not only in the Greek and Latin, but alfo in the various languages which are still spoken in the world, and particularly in the nor thern tongues, where one fhould leaft expect to find them. And in relation to the Greek in particular, I will venture to add, after long attention to the fubject, that almost all the Greek primitives, which virtually include the whole language, may be naturally and eafily deduced from the Hebrew. This, if I am not greatly mistaken, I have demonftrated in the enfuing Lexicon, with respect to fuch primitives as are used in the New Teftament; and these, it must be observed, comprehend a very large part of all the radicals in the Greek language. And though I am far from prefuming, that in fuch a number of derivations no overfights have efcaped me, and though I have propofed fome with a declared doubtfulness of their propriety, yet it is not a few mistakes, Quas aut incuria fudit Aut humana parum cavit natura that can, with any equitable judge, invalidate the general truth-which I have endeavoured to eftablish on the evidence of many plain and indifputable particulars, By By the Greek primitives, being thus throughout referred to their Hebrew Radicals, the relation between these two languages is clearly fhewn and I cannot but hope this part of my work may both prove a recommendation of it to those who already understand Hebrew, and incite others to undertake the eafy task of acquainting themselves with the rudiments of that original tongue. "When the primitive words in Greek are once fettled, it is no difficult matter for a perfon tolerably fkilled in the language to refer the derivations and compounds to their respective radicals. Here, indeed, former Lexicon-writers have contributed ample affiftance, and I have fcarcely ever seen reason to differ from them all in this branch of our business." Recounting the affiftances he has used in compiling his Lexicon, Mr. Parkhurft thus expreflès himself: "In deriving the Greek primitives from their Hebrew originals, I have received confiderable help from Thomaffon's Methode d'étudier et d'enseigner la Grammaire et les Langues. I have however feen but too frequent reason to diffent from the derivations proposed by that writer, and have often fubftituted others (more probable, I hope) in their room. In the explanatory part, befides continually confulting the best Lexicons, and many of the best commentators and critics (a lift of whom is fubjoined) I have alfo carefully perufed several of the best Greek authors in the original, with a direct view to the improvement of this work. The writings of Jofephus in particular have fur nished many paffages for illuftrating not only the phrafeology, but likewise the histories and predictions of the New Testament.” It would be injuftice to our learned and indefatigable author were we not to add, to the above account of his Lexicon given by his own pen, that in the profecution of his work he appears to have been particularly attentive to the several religious and philofophical fects mentioned in the New Teftament, and to have given fuch sketches of their refpective te nets and peculiarities as can hardly fail of being both entertaining and inftructive to the younger ftudent. Of this he may be convinced, by referring to the words Φαρισᾶιος, Σαδδεκαίοι, Σαμαρέλης, Στωϊκός, Επικέριοι, &c. In an advertisement to this fecond edition of the Lexicon, Mr. P. informs us, that in this fome parts of the preceding edition, which feemed wrong or exceptionable, are expunged, many altered, and many additions made, chiefly from the accurate Kypke's Obfervationes Sacræ ; and from works lately published in our own language, fuch as Bishop Pearce's Commentary, Mr. Bowyer's Conjectures, (4to edition, 1782) Dr. George Campbell on the Four Gofpels, Michaelis's Introduction to the New Teftament, tranflated by the learned Mr. Marth, and by him enriched with many tritical and inftructive notes. notes. That the most material and beft authenticated various readings, particularly from Mill's, Wetitein's, and Griefbach's editions of the Greek Teftamente here fairly, though briefly, prefented to the reader's confideration and judgment; and may, it is hoped, incite the more advanced student diligently to confult thofe elaborate and critical editions; and may particularly induce him to perufe Mr. Marth's excellent publication abovementioned; and that, in the whole, about an hundred and ten pages are now added to the Greek and English Lexicon. Of the manner in which our author applies his reading to the illuftration of the New Teftament, we fhall now prefent a fpecimen or two, which however we do not think at all fuperior to many others that might have been produced. To the word Tahidãos we were more particularly led, because it is a new article added to this edition. Απονιπτομαι, Mid. from απο from, and νιπτω to wal To wab, as the hands. occ. Mat. xxvii. 24; where it has been fuppofed by fome, that Pilate, in washing his hands, had respect to the Mofaic ordinance, Deut. xxi. 1-8. But it fhould be confidered, that the cafe there mentioned and that in Mat. are widely different; and that even if they were fimilar, it is by no means probable that a heathen governour, and especially one of Pilate's character, fhould fhew any regard to what he would moft probably efteem an inftance of Jewish fuperftition. It feems, therefore, much more likely, that what he did was in conformity to the notions and cuftoms of the Gentiles, who held that the hands were polluted by human blood (comp. under Kalapi IV.) and were to be cleansed by washing with water. Thus in Homer, Il. vi. line 266, Hector, when returned from battle, tells his mother, that he feared to offer libations to Jupiter, with unwasher bands, for that it was not lawful for one polluted with blood to perform religious fervices to that god. ΧΕΡΣΙ Δ' ΑΝΙΠΤΟΙΣΙ Διῒ λείβειν αίθοπα οίνον Αβομαι εδε τη εςι καλαινεφεϊ Κρονίωνι ΑΙΜΑΤΙ και λυθρῳ ΠΕΠΑΛΑΓΜΕΝΟΝ ευχεταασθαι. So Eneas, in Virgil, Æn. ii. line 719, speaking of the Penates or boufebold gods, &c. Me bello è tanto digressum & cæde recenti DRYDEN. In me 'tis impious holy things to bear, Red as I am from flaughter, new from war; 'Till in fome living ftream I cleanse the guilt Of dire debate, and blood in battle spilt. And the Scholiaft on Sophocles' Ajax Flagell. line 665, fays, Elos n παλαίοις, όταν η ΦΟΝΟΝ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΥ η αλλάς σφαίας εποίων, ΑΠΟΝΙΠΤΕΙΝ ΤΑΣ ΧΕΙΡΑΣ ΕΙΣ ΚΑΘΑΡΣΙΝ ΤΟΥ ΜΙΑΣΜΑΤΟΣ. Σε 'TAATI was was cuftomary with the ancients, after having killed a man, or other animal, to wash their hands in water, in order to cleanse themselves from the pollution. See alfo Elfner and Wolfius on Mat. xxvii. 24." σε Γαλιλαίος, 8, 6, from Γαλιλαια Galilee, a country to the north of Judea, fo called after its Heb. name, Ifa. ix. 1. & al. A Galilean, a native of Galilee. Luke xiii. 1, 2, & al. And fuch, it is well known, our Lord was generally reputed, from his having been brought up at Nazareth, and employing a great part of his public ministry in that country. And as the Apostles and firft difciples of Chrift were chiefly Galileans (fee Acts ii. 7.) and thefe were generally a defpifed people, and particularly obnoxious to the Romans, on account of their feditious difpofition, which had been fomented by Judas the Galilean (fee Acts v. 37. and Jofephus Ant. lib. xviii. cap. 1. § 1. and § 6. lib. xx. cap. 4. 2. and cap. v. § 1. and De Bel. lib. ii. cap. 8. § 1.) hence the Heathens called the Chriftians Galileans, in hatred and contempt. Thus doth Epictetus in Arrian, lib. iv. cap. 7. So Lucian, or whoever was the author of the Philopatris, fatyrizes St. Paul under the denomination of ranihatos, the Galilean (Lucian, tom. ii. p. 999.) And we are informed by Socrates, the ecclefiaftical hiftorian, lib. iii. .cap. 12, that the emperor Julian ufually called Chrift Galilean, and the Chriftians Galileans. Γαλιλαιον ειωθει ὁ Ισλιανος καλειν τον Χριςον, και Tes Xpisives adidas; and by Gregory Nazianz, Orat. iii. p. 81, that he even made a law that the Chriftians fhould be called Galileans. Γαλιλαιος αίτι Χρισιανών-καλείσθαι νομοθέλησας. Comp. Suicer's Thefau rus in Xpistavos ii. 2. "Mat. xxvi. 73, Thou art a Galilean, and thy Speech discovereth thee. The dialect of the Galileans feems to have been unpolished and corrupt, which probably proceeded from their great communication and mixture with the neighbouring Heathen; of which Strabo, lib. xvi. p. 1103. edit. Amftel, takes notice, Tal y πproαpulice (i. e. of Judea), τα πολλά δ' ώς έκασα εισιν απο φύλων οικεμενα μικίων, εκ τε Αιυπίνων εθνών, και Αραβίων και Φοινίκων ; whence their country is called Galilee of the Gentiles, Ifa. ix. 1. Mat. iv. 15. 1 Mac. iv. 15: The balmudits in the Tract a, tell us, "As for the men of Judea, the ,(שהפקידו על לשונם) becaufe they were accurate in their language law was confirmed in their hands; but as for the men of Galilee, becaufe they were not accurate in their language, the law was not confirmed in their hands;" and to prove their inaccuracy, they affert in the fame place, that the Galileans did not in fpeaking diftinguish a lamb, y wol, wen a be-afs, and wine. See more on this fubject in Buxtorf's Lexicon Thalmud. &c. under, and in Wetstein's Note on Mat. xxvi. 73.” To fum up our opinion of this laborious and important work in a few words, it appears that the author has endeavoured not only to make it entertaining to his readers, but that in explaining the original language of the New Teftament, he has ftudioully endeavoured to preferve his high character for accuracy, perfpicuity, and impartiality. Such has been |