ART. 46. AR futation of Mr. Pitt's alarming Affertion, made on the laft Day of the laft Seffion of Parliament, "that unless the Monarchy of France be retired, the Monarchy of England will be loft for ever.” In a Letter, added to the Right Honourable Thomas Skinner, Ford Mayor of the City of London. 8vo. 76 pp. 2s. 6d. Bell, Strand, 1794• 66 This tract is divided into nine parts, the eighth of which, contains the whole of the fabject the author propofes to difcufs. The two pamphlets of Mr. Bowles, on the oppofite fide of the queftion, which we confidered at confiderable length very lately, being recent in our memory, we find that the Obferver, for fo he figns himself, has omitted to confider in his refutation the most material arguments for the affertions which he combats. As a fpecimen of his mode of reafoning, we fhall felt the firft inference he lays down, on entering upon the body of the fubject. The words he attributes to Mr. Pitt are," That unlefs Jacobin principles could be effectually rooted out of France, England was for ever loft." This, he fays, in plain English, means, that, unless monarchy can be restored to that country, monarchy in England cannot long fubfift." By the most curfory examination of the propofitions here stated to be the fame, they are found to be different. To make his inference juft, the principles of Jacobinifm and republicanifm must be the fame; and, although we hold republicanifm to be hurtful, in almost all cafes, Jacobinifm appears to us as hoftile to that, as to any other fyftem. This will appear by the definition of a fociety of Jacobins a definition which, as we have not feen, we fhall here give. A body of men, felf-conftituted; keeping up, or adding to their numbers, by elections made by themfelves; and exercifing controul, over what they recognife as the lawful fupreme power of a country, by actual force, or the fear of it. This is a fociety of Jacobins. Such an affociation cannot act even in a republic, but by the partial or total fubverfion of its lawful powers. Weak monarchies have exhibited fomething analogous to this, in the encroachments of individuals on the power of the fovereign: fuch were the ufurpations of the mayors of the palace, over the latter kings of the Carlovingian race in France. Examples from other monarchies might alfo be brought. In defcribing repeatedly, what a great flatef man would do in an affigned fituation, or what meafures he would have avoided, this writer affumes the character of a great ftatefman : but, when he informs us, that the Emprefs procured by her intrigues thofe disturbances which produced the temporary expulfion of her troops out of Poland, that the Pruffian king might not fit down quietly on his acquifitions there, we feel no hesitation in denying him that title; though he quotes the authority of an anonymous gentleman, in an office of confideration at Berlin. To carry our examination of this tract any further, would neither be agreeable to ourselves or our readers. To point out the multitudes of errors occurring in writers of a certain clafs, would render our work too much like the compartments in an anatomical mufcum, appropriated for the reception of difeafed and deformed parts. ART. ART. 47. State of the Country in the Month of November, 1794. By Abraham Jones, London. Svo. 56 pp. Owen. We have not often perused a pamphlet written with a greater degree of indecent virulence than this. The court the author calls "the loufy diftemper of government; the very den where it feeds and ftinks; wherein there is a Demon, who calls himself the king's friend :" and, we are further informed, it is this Devil, this emiffary of Hell, that deceives his councils. To his invectives, he has given fomething of the form of the fpeeches in the claffical hiftorians: and, though we should have reprobated the matter, we ftill fhould have faid fomething of the art, which gives dramatic vivacity to it, if in his manner of introducing. the fuppofed fentiments of claffes of men and individuals, we had not found him a fervile copyitt of publications in every perfons hands. Thus, when he puts his own fentiments of the ftate of the nation into the mouth of the public, this change of perfons is taken from Hume; who frequently makes ufe of it, to give the arguments of two parties on the greater events of our hiftory, as for initance, on the petition of right, when it was brought forward in 1628. But this is rather a more venial fpecies of plagariim, than the fecond perfonification we find in this tract. The malignant, but brilliant and epigrammatic Juniùs, in his letter to the king, introduces his Philippic by telling him, that a man fincerely attached to his authority, to the nation, and to truth, would thus and thus addrefs him: this is a fiction in rhetoric fo fingular, that it is grofs plagiarism to attempt it a fecond time; which, nevertheless, is here done. We are more particular on this point, as Mr. Jones appears to be an evident imitator of that writer. He has collected almost every charge which can be advanced against every bad government, and applied them to our own and of thefe, he produces no evidence but his own affertion. He thus difgraces the abilities he poffefles, which appear to us to be confiderable; and, in a fhort pamphlet of fifty-fix pages, has precluded himfelf from that respect he might have obtained with both the parties which divide the itate. ART 48. Dialogues between a Reformer and an Anti-revolutionist. 8vo. 77 PP. Is. 6d. Stockdale, 1794. Our concurrence with the conclufions of a writer, is generally accompanied by our approbation of the principles, from which he fuppofes they ought to be deduced. Sometimes, however, the cafe is otherwife; and, although we do not faftidiously remark fuch inftances of it as are of lefs confequence, there are cafes in which we are not at liberty to fupprefs our diffent. As in the actions of others, which advance our interefts, fo in the arguments which fupport our opinions, the agreeablenefs of the confequence to us, ought not to induce us to reprefent the means made ufe of to attain them, otherwise than as they are. We were led into this rfection by the firft dialogue in this work the question there treated is, whether the alterations of the conftitution contended for by certain perfons, are deducible from human rights, or the rights of men. For the folution of it, this author lays it down as a principle, that no rights exift until laws are made made to create them, and that by fociety. It feems a confequence of this (not to enter more fully into the argument) that, as no man is bound by any human laws, except thofe of the fociety under which he lives, and, as against many vices, hurtful to others, no laws exist in this country, no man is under any obligation to refrain from them: and the perfons who may be affected by them, cannot claim fuch forbearance as a right from us. For example, we have no law to punish ingratitude; yet every man understands returns of favours received to be due, where they can be made. Children have a right to fubfiftence, education, and protection, from their parents; but our laws enforce their right to fubfiftence alone. We have befides to obferve, that this writer has obtruded a declaration of his disbelief of revealed religion, peculiarly and highly cenfurable, in a man who contends for its great use. In his opinions on taxes and public debt, we might alfo point out fomething deferving cerfure. These weighty faults deducted, we discover in other parts the marks of a clear, manly, and acute understanding. The arguments against an alteration of the conftitution of the House of Commons, appear to us unanswerable: and, we might easily select from this tract fome political aphorifms, which recommend themselves, by novelty, weight, and refinement. ART 49. A Dialogue in the Shades, between Mercury, a Nobleman, and a Mechanic. 8vo. 34 PP. 1s. Jordan. 1794 Common place abufe, on the real and imputed vices of the nobility; introduced by an advertisement, fetting forth that the author is by no means an enemy to civil diftinctions:and thus it is that he shows his friendship to them. ART. 50. Thoughts on the Sufpenfion of the Habeas Corpus Act. 8vo. 28 pp. is. Debret, 1794. A fuccinct statement of reafons, to prove that the late fufpenfion of the habeas corpus originated in propriety; which are indeed ftrengthened by the falutary effects which have been found to proceed from that measure. ART. 51. A View of the relative Situation of Great Britain and the United States of North America. By a Merchant. 8vo. 43 PPIS. Debrett, 1794. A very fenfible and forcible addrefs to Minifters, calling on them to avert, what the author then thought an impending danger, a rupture with America; conceived with fentiments of refpect, and expreffed in terms of energy. ART. 52. An Addrefs to the Electors of Norwich: being a Vindication of the Principles and Conduct of Mr. Windham's Opponents at the late Election. 12th of July. 1794. With an Appendix, containing a Letter from J. Mingay, Fig. vo. 28 pp. 6d. March, Norwich; Robinfons, London; 174. We are fomewhat difpofed to place this anonymous compofition to the contrivance of fome ingenious libernian. It is a caufe opening war: with a defence, which is, however, fo conducted as to operate like an accufation. Had it not been for this" vindication," the world might have supposed that Mr. Mingay's caufe deferved and experienced fomething more than the weakness and incompetency of fupport he met with." Speaking of elections, this anonymous advocate obferves" At fuch times men think themselves abfolved, as it were, from the allegiance they owe to juftice and honour, and that they are allowed to fhake off the yoke of all honeft principle and ingenuous fentiment." Do they fo? Why then, upon fuch occafions, we fhall be tempted to withhold from fuch men our implicit confidence, while they affert, that "though they have been fuccefslefs, they have not been criminal." Mr. Windham is complained of by this author, for having charged his opponents with Jacobinifm; but confolation is at hand, for he declares-"It is in the accufation itself that we difcover a store of honeft triumph and congratulation." Since it is in accufations that this gentleman congratulates himself, we can add our felicitations while we accufe him of a deficiency in orthography, when he talks of " unbefeeming petulence," and inaccuracy of language, when he ufes the word fuccefslefs. ART. 53. Political Papers, chiefly refpecting the Attempt of the County of York, and other confiderable Diftricts, commenced in 1779, and continued during feveral fubfequent Years, to Effect a Reformation of the Parliament of Great Britain: collected by the Rev. Chriftopher Wyvill, Chairman of the late Committee of Affociation of the County of York. Three Volumes. 8vo. 11. 13. Todd, York; Johnfon, London. Mr. Wyvill is fo zealous on the fubject of parliamentary reformation, as it is called, that he doubtlefs thinks it of importance that thefe papers fhould be collected and preferved. They will hereafter, perhaps, ferve only as a record how many refpectable, fenfible, and well-meaning men were egregiously mistaken, both in their theory of our conftitution, and in their maxims of political wisdom. A fourth volume is promised. ART. 54. Prefent State of France, Report of the Committees of Public and General Safety, and of Legislation, and the State of France, prefented to the National Convention, Sept. 20, 1794. 8vo. 35 pp. 1s. Bell. 1794 This is feemingly a faithful tranflation, and we have only to re mark upon it, that the state of France is now, according to their own reports, very different. ART. 55. Robespierre chez les Orphelins, ou Hiftoire fécrete des derniers Jours de Robespierre. 8vo. 54 PP. Is. 6d. Londres. 1794. A ftory, by no means ill told, which reprefents Robespierre ashaving determined, a very short time before his death, to re-establish religion and monarchy; when the Jacobins, difcovering his projects, prevented their accomplishment, and put him and his party to death. ART. ART. 56. First Letter-A Letter from Earl Fitzwilliam, recently retired from this Country (Ireland) to the Earl of Carlisle, explaining the Caufes of that Event. 8vo. IS. Dublin printed, reprinted by Robinfons, 1795• ART. 57. Second Letter A Letter from a venerated Nobleman, who lately left this Country (Ireland) to the Earl of Carlile; explaining the Caufes of that Event. 8vo. IS. Dublin printed, reprinted by Robinfons. Thefe letters were confidered, at the time, as authentic: if we have fuffered the period of their political life to pafs away before we mentioned them, we hope to be readily excufed. As politics they were to be judged by other means; as objects of criticism they did not particularly attract our attention. ART. 58. A Letter from the Earl of Carlisle to Earl Fitzwilliam, in Reply to his Lordflip's Two Letters. Svo, 13 PP. IS. Stock dale, 1795. When a public letter is written by one public man to another, on the fubject of his political conduct, it is naturally expected that their opinions on that matter fhould be coincident; but the ex-viceroy of Ireland, with a precipitance which, perhaps, he derived from his short vifit, addrefied his friend without examining into that point. It appears from the answer of Lord C. that their fentiments were diametrically oppofite. ART. 59. A fair Statement of the Adminiftration of Earl Fitzwilliam in Ireland; containing Strictures on that noble Lord's Letters to Earl Carlifle. 8vo. 20 pp. 18. White, Piccadilly. This writer is an opponent, and apparently fuch as he profeffes to be, a fair one, of the arguments and statements of Lord Fitzwilliam. ART. 60. The Conclufion of the Strictures on Earl Fitzwilliam's Letters to the Earl of Carlisle. 8vo. 6d. White. This is apparently a fequel to the preceding pamphlet. ART. 61. A plain Statement of Facts relative to the Adminiflration of 22 pp. The plain tatement is oppofite to the fair ftatement; it does not follow that it is an unfair ftatement, nor fhall we enter into the queftion. It contains a fhort enumeration of tranfactions, and fume cu rious state papers. ART. 62. Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl Fitzwilliam, occa fioned by his Two Letters to the Earl of Carlile. By William Playfair, Author of the commercial and political Atlas. c. 8vo. . 24 IPIs. Stockdale, 1795. We cannot perceive that this author, who has written with ingenuity and fpirit on feveral occafions, acted very wifely in taking a part |