life and hopes: and the latter pages of the difcourfe contain a biographical sketch of him, with fuitable reflections. The oration of Mr. Worthington is a fhorter addrefs of the fame kind, turning chiefly on the fudden death of Mr. Toller, which is faid to have been instanta

neous.

ART. 35. The firm Patriot, and principal Qualities which Mark that fair and illuftrious Character at the prefent Juncture in thefe Realms. A Sermon for the Faft-Day, February 25, 1795. By Alexander Hewatt, D. D. Svo. 32 pp. 15. Cadell, &c. 1795.

A former fast fermon, by this author, was noticed by us in February laft, p. 178. His text on this occafion is Prov. xxiv. 21, " My fon, fear thou the Lord, and the King, and meddle not with them that are given to change:" and the author continues to write fenfibly, and pertinently. The three leading heads of his difcourfe are, piety, loyalty, and integrity, each of which he recommends by arguments well fuited to the occafion.

ART. 36. Hints preparatory to the approaching Faft. 12mo. 43 PP. 6d. Rivingtons. 1794.

These hints, we are told, were collected in a converfation held among a few friends who met to fpend the evening together; they turn chiefly on the duties of the clergy upon thofe occafions, what they ought to recommend, and in what manner. Had they been read, and attended to, we fhould not fo often have been prefented with the reflections of preachers who preferred the cenfure of those who did not hear them, to the inftruction of those who did. It may be 'confulted on other occafions.

ART. 37. The Caufe of our national Judgments, and their Remedy. A Sermon, preached in the Parish of Chrift-Church, Spital-Fields, on Sunday, Feb. 22, 1795, preparatory to the late general Faft. By John Davies, A. M. Fellow of Trinity-College, Cambridge, Lecturer of St. Laurence Jury, near Guild-hall, and Joint- Lecturer of ChriftChurch, Spital-Fields. 8vo. 23 pp. 6d. Rivingtons. 1795. The caufes affigned by this preacher are, 1. Our unwillingness to acknowledge the hand of God in the things which happen to us. 2. Ingratitude and forgetfulness of his mercies. 3. National pride. The remedies are, 1, To remove these causes. 2. For each to examine himself. 3. Fervent prayer. 4. Reliance on the atonement of Chrift. The text is Joihua vii, 13. and the difcourfe is pertinent and good,

ART. 38. The pacific Temper of the Priesthood. A Sermon, on the national Faft, February 25, 1795. By an Orthodox Britif Proteftant. 8vo. 15. Johnfon. 1795

36 PP. Nothing feems more eafy than to diftinguish between the love of war for its own fake, or the propenfity to undertake it lightly, and the unwilling acquiefcence in the neceflity of it, for the fake of avoiding

ftill greater evils, anarchy, and the fubverfion of all we have reafon to venerate yet there are writers who will not fee the difference, and who choose to argue for peace, as if any perfon doubted or denied its bleffings. That an intolerant, perfecuting fpirit, has appeared in this ifland, the preacher before us thinks it impoffible to doubt. The multitude is always intolerant in all its ways, but, exclufive of the effects 、of that unalterable propenfity, we think it not only easy to doubt, but juft to deny, that fuch a fpirit exiits. The text is a curious one, 1 Kings xxii. 11 and 12.

ART. 39. A Call to Recollection, Refolution, and Exertion, with a View to the prefent State, and effential Interefts of this Country. By the Rev. R. P. Finch, D. D. Prebendary of Wefiminfler. 12mo. 44 PP. 4d. or 3s. 6d. per dozen. Rivingtons. 1794.

Recollection, refolution, and exertion, on the subjects of duty, cannot ever be unfeafonably urged, nor ever more feasonably than at the prefent time; in which, if a ferious call, like this before us, should preforve only a few from that forgetfulness which is but too epidemic, it would perform an important fervice. This tract by Dr. Finch is written in fo plain and practical a manner, that we cannot doubt but, aided by the lownefs of its price, it will circulate good principles to a confiderable extent. The fentiments interfperfed refpecting the late tranfactions on the continent, are thofe of a feeling mind, impreffed with great horror of extraordinary iniquity.

ART. 40. A Sermon on the prefent Scarcity, preached in the parish Church of Upper Slaughter, Gloucestershire, July 26, 1795. By F. T. Trarch, M. A. 8vo. 22 pp. Is., Robfon. 1795.

A fenfible and well-meant difcourfe, and well calculated to operate according to the preacher's with on his immediate bearers.

ART. 41.

Reafons for Peace, flated in a Difccurfe delivered in the Union Chapel, Birmingham, on Wednesday, February 25, 1795. Being the Day appointed for a General Faft. By D. Jones. Svo. 43 PP. Is. 6d. Johnfon, 1795.

This is a very vigorous and able compofition, though we confefs curfelves neither fatisfied with the principles it inculcates, nor convinced by its arguments. We alfo are for peace; but we would not purchafe it at the risk of future fecurity, nor at the expence of our national dignity.

POLITICS.

ART. 42. Reflexions fur la Paix. Addreffées à Mr. Pitt et aux François. Svo. 48 FP. 1s. 6d. à Geneve, 1794. Et fe trouve chez Debrett. Reflections on Peace. Aadreffed to Mr. Pitt and the French Nation, &c.

This is a very interefting and extraordinary pamphlet; the production of Madame de Stael, the acute and eloquent daughter of

M. Necker.

M. Necker. Prejudiced and mistaken on many points, fhe fees in their true light the horrors which have defolated France, and the iniquity by which they have been caufed; and recommends peace as ftrongly to that exhaufted nation as to any other power. She affects to confider Mr. Pitt alone, as ftanding on an equal footing with France, in this great question: " Mr. Pitt et la France, une nation et un homme, Voilà ce qu'il importe de perfuader." Many of her ideas on France are juft, and the errors fhe has committed, in fpeaking of this country, and our interefts refpecting the war, are completely expofed by the author of the fubfequent pamphlet. On the idea of refloring the fyftem of Robefpierre, the exclaims," No, this horrible fyftem is a phænomenon which nature cannot twice produce: no, I do not yet believe that the deftruction of focial order has arrived, that pity is banifhed from the earth, that man has totally devoted himself to the deftruction of man, that Atheism can become the fuperftition of the people, property be attacked by all the laws, and fociety inftituted for no other purpofe, than that by collecting individuals together, it might render them the more certain victims of deftruction." The following opinion alfo is probably well founded: "The greater part of the faults committed by the Coalefced Powers, arofe from their being too much influenced by the clamours and the hopes of the Ariftocratic Emigrants." We are glad, even at the expence of fome errors, to fee peace eloquently recommended to the French, by a person to whom they are likely to liften; fince, when they once conceive it to be their trueft intereft, they will poffibly confent to purchafe it by fuch conceffions as the fecurity of Europe demands.

ART. 43. Réflexions fur 11 Guerre. En réponse aux Réflexions far la Parx, addreffées à Mr. Pitt, et aux François. Par M. D'Ivernois. 8vo. 157 PP. 3s. Elmily, 1795.

ART. 44. Reflections on the War. In Anfwer to Reflections on Peace, addried to Mr. Pitt and the French Nation. By Francis d'Ivernis, Efq. Tranflated from the Original French. 8vo. 135 PP. 35. Elinfly, &c. 1795.

It is not eafy to do juftice to the fingular and extraordinary merit of this pamphlet, without ufing a language which would almost feem hyperbolical. To an English reader it is ftill more important and interefting than even ti e Account of the Revolution at Geneva, written by the fame author, and noticed by us in a late number. (Brit. Crit. May, 1795. P. 545.) "My purpofe," fays the author, "I hope will not be miftaken. Indeed, it will foon appear that we have really both the fame object; for who is there fo unfeeling as not anxiously to wish for peace? Not, indeed, a fufpicious and temporary fufpenfion of war, difguifed under that name; but a peace equitable and durable, more fo than can poffibly be obtained by any conceffions on the part of the allies." Mr. D'Ivernois, as completely as his antagonist, Mad. de Stael, gives up as vifionary the ideas of "difinembering France; of compelling an unconditional fubmiffion

to the ancient fyftem; and chastising those who destroyed it:" and reprobates the thought of bringing back the emigrants in triumph to Paris, with all their terrible train of vengeance, exclufive privileges, feudal rights, and partial taxation." But he contends moft ftrongly and moft ably, that, for the fafety of Europe, it is abfolutely neceflary that France fhould give up all her conquefts, and retire within the limits of her ancient territory. It is a circumstance very fingular, as well as the ftrongest confirmation of the equity and propriety of this demand, that Dumourier (in his Coup d'ail Politique, which stands as the firft article in our Foreign Catalogue) contend with equal ardour, on the grounds of policy and juftice, that Fnce fhould voluntarily relinquish all her conquefts. M. D'Ivernois completely proves, from the exhausted state of that country, and the depreciation of the affignats, that, not only the Allied Powers, but Great Britain herself has ability to enforce this neceffary facrifice to the balance of power in Europe, and ought not to conclude a peace without it.

Mad. de Stael confiders Mr. Pitt as the only perfon, on one fide, who prolongs the war: M. D'Ivernois, in his introduction, very properly reminds her of the refolution he moved and carried this very year, expreffing, among other things, the uniform defire of his majefty, "to effect a pacification on juft and honourable grounds, with any government in France, under whatever form, which hall appear capable of maintaining the accustomed relations of peace and amity with other countries."

The work is divided into five chapters. Chap. I. difcuffes the queftion, whether the war has really been more difaftrous to the Confederated Powers, than neutrality would have been: and treats the topic of the conquefts. Chap. II. fhows that the only refource of France is the affignats, which muft foon inevitably lofe all value. P. 22. Chap. III. contrafts the resources of Great Britain with those of her adverfary. P. 49. Chap. IV. treats of the obftacles which prevent France from remaining a Republic; and of the importance it is of to her, to have an hereditary, but limited Monarchy. P. 72. Chap. V. endeavours, and very fkilfully, to remove the common prejudices of the French against the British conftitution. P. 98. To the English edition is fubjoined a poftfcript of nine pages, ftating that the fall of the affignats has gone on ftill more rapidly fince the pamphlet was written, than the author had predicted, and that the figns of the fall of the republic are no lefs ftrong.

As we have already been tempted, by this interefting article, to extend our account beyond the limits we ufually affign to thofe which ftand in this part of our work, we fhall tranfgrefs ftill further, by giving the following fenfible and juft paffage on the effects of the war." I am, however, convinced, that nothing but the exifting calamities of the war, could have led M to lofe fight of the far more terrible calamities from which, in all probability, Europe has been preferved by it. Quite overjoyed to fee the French Revolution all at once take fo moderate a turn, M does not obferve that it is the war, which, by exhaufting that nation, has brought fo foon to an epoch, when the principles which led to it have loft their attraction, even with the

4

French

French themselves; and, when they are as candid in avowing the difaftrous confequences of those principles, as formerly they were zealous in trying to perfuade other nations, that the adoption of them would renovate the world, and reftore the golden age.' P. 11. Those in this country who are ftill fo far behind the experience of the times, as to defend the principles which the French have abandoned, may take a hint from this, and the French confeffions which follow it.

With refpect to the defence of the English conftitution, so well managed in this pamphlet, by M. D'Ivernois, we regard fuch a teftimony from a very intelligent foreigner, and friend to liberty, with peculiar delight, and on this account recommend the tract, even to thofe who do not wish to difcufs the queftion of the war.

The English tranflator, who is said to be a particular friend of M. D'Ivernois, has fuffered an inconfiftency to creep into his tranflation, by speaking of the author of Réflexions fur la Paix, fometimes as male, and fometimes as female: compare p. 71 and p. 119. As the fex is fpoken of in the firft inftance, it would have been best to have used she, &c. throughout. The fault is not fo glaring in the original: yet the tranflation is well executed.

ART. 45. Confiderations on the Caufes and Effects of the prefent War, and on the Neceffity of continuing it till a regular Government is eftablished in France. By William Hunter, Efq. 8vo. 63 pp. 25. Stockdale, 1794•

The feveral parts of this extenfive fubject are here arranged in good order, and well connected; to each a due confideration has been paid; and the man who reads Mr. H's tract with attention, will rife from the perufal of it, poffeffed of much ufeful knowledge on the feveral parts of his fubject. There are many paffages of it well deferving to be noted with particular approbation. We cannot, however, omit recommending to notice, his fentiments on the subject of equality; and on the tendency of the nature of man, and of fociety, to depart from it immediately, whenever it may take place de facto. We may add the following confequence, to which, the argument he has fo well stated, evidently leads. The ftate of equality cannot be produced but by great force; and, as foon as this force fhall be removed, the natural tendencies above-mentioned, must have their effect. A ftate of equality can, therefore, only be continued, by the continuation of the force which produced it: and fuch a flate of perpetual and ftrong coercion, must be a ftate of perpetual mifery.

We except from thofe opinions of Mr. H. to which we exprefs our concurrence, what he has faid of the effence of liberty. We think it confifts in fomething more than a knowledge of what the laws allow, and what they condemn. We do not obferve, however, that this erroneous pofition vitiates any thing more, in the pamphlet, than the paragraph which it begins; there are no confequences drawn from it; nor does it appear to have mixed with, and difcoloured, the author's fubfequent reflections and fentiments.

ART.