questions, as the late Major Cartwright. Of the soundness of his doctrines, carried to the extent to which he proposed to carry them, there may justly be grounds for more than doubt; but, we believe, no one could ever deny that he was a most consistent politician, and a most benevolent and honourable man.

Mr Cartwright was born on the 28th of September, 1730, and was third son of William Cartwright, Esq., of Marnham, in the county of Nottingham. His elder brother George, author of " A Journal of Transactions during a residence of Sixteen Years in Labrador," was a man of remarkable strength of intellect as well as of personal courage and bodily activity; his next brother, Edmund, of mechanical and poetical celebrity, is also well known to the public; and the fact of three brothers living to upwards of eighty years of age, and preserving to the last moment not ony their vigour of mind, but all their accustomed energy of character, is a circumstance which we may safely assert has been seldom paralleled in the history of any family.

From the gentleness of his disposition, John Cartwright was a particular favourite in his family, and his father earnestly desiring to retain him at home, wished to turn his attention to agricultural pursuits; but the ardour of his mind made such a destination disgusting to him, and in a moment of boyish enthusiasm, excited by the military fame of Frederick the Great of Prussia, he left his house with the intention of becoming a volunteer in the army of that prince. He had not gone many miles before he was overtaken by the steward, who represented the distress his departure had occasioned, and easily prevailed on him to return. He was afterwards allowed to enter the naval service of his own country; a service

to which he was ever after passionately attached; and even in advanced age, his kindling eye bespoke the delight and interest he took in any subject connected with that profes sion.

The circumstances of his saving the life of a brother officer, of his being present at the capture of Cherbourg, and the sea-fight between Sir Edward Hawke and Conflans, together with many proofs of his zeal and ability, have been so often and so accurately related, that it is not necessary to dwell on them at present; we will, therefore, pass rapidly to the time when he sacrificed to a noble feeling for American rights, all the advan tages which family connexions, and the friendship of Lord Howe, offered to his ambition.

In 1774, he began to publish his opinions on the dispute between the mother country and her American colonies, and great were the appre hensions of his family, that in so doing he might endanger his own safety; but he was, through life, a stranger to every fear, save that of acting against the dictates of his conscience.

In 1775, he published his "American Independence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain," and in the same year became major of the militia of his native county. After seventeen years of meritorious service, for which he was unanimously thanked by the deputy-lieutenants, he was, in the year 1792, superseded in his rank.

In 1780, he effected, with the assistance of Dr Jebb and Granville Sharpe, the formation of the "Society for Constitutional Information," which boasted among its members some of the most distinguished of that day, with whom he was in habits of intimacy and constant correspondence. In the same married the eldest daughter of Samuel

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Dashwood, Esq., of Well Vale, in the county of Lincoln, who was for forty-four years, as he himself emphatically termed her, "his dearest and best friend, to whom he was indebted for the chief happiness of his life." Soon after this marriage his father died, and Captain George Cartwright (already mentioned) succeeded by will to the family estate. Being also named executor, this gentleman found himself involved in difficult and perplexing business, to which his own losses in Labrador materially contributed; he, therefore, a year after, gladly accepted his brother John's offer of purchasing the property, which was accomplished by borrowing a large sum of money, and by the sale of an estate which he possessed as a qualification for the majority. It may not be improper here to mention, that though these two brothers were diametrically opposite in their political opinions, and though the elder was a man of warm character, and occasionally indulged in intemperate expressions, yet their attachment to each other continued through life. In fact, no man ever possessed a more placable disposition than Major Cartwright. His brother's vehemence only occasioned a benevolent smile; and the good old tory himself was known to declare, that though, as a loyal subject, it was his duty to hate his principles, yet as a brother he was bound by every tie of gratitude to love and respect him.

During the last illness of Captain Cartwright, the subject of this memoir, then in his eightieth year, travelled into Nottinghamshire, and remained for a considerable time by his sickbed, administering his medicines, and watching him with all the assiduity of a nurse. It would be unnecessary to mention these particulars, had it not been for an anecdote industriously circulated by means of the public

press, a few days after Mr Cartwright had breathed his last, tending to show that these two brothers were not on good terms with each other.

In the year 1788, Mr Cartwright sold the estate at Marnham, and made a very fortunate speculation in the purchase of Brotherlop, near Boston, in Lincolnshire. By his judicious improvements and skill in agriculture, this estate became so profitable to him, that it enabled him to stand against many severe losses occasioned by the failure of a large concern into which he entered with several other gentlemen, as well as those still more severe, which he incurred by assisting his favourite brother, Dr Cartwright, in bringing to perfection his many ingenious inventions.

In 1803, he settled at Enfield, in Middlesex, from whence he removed, in 1810, to James Street, Westminster. In 1819, he changed his abode to Burton Crescent, from motives of kind consideration for the health of his niece, the youngest daughter of Dr Cartwright, who, losing her mother when an infant, was brought up by him and his excellent wife with even more than parental tenderness; and who delights to acknowledge, that she experienced, during the lifetime of her adopted father, that generosity which is generally deferred to a testamentary bequest. In this year he was indicted at Warwick, with several others, for unlawfully electing a representative to the Commons; and was found guilty on the 4th of August, in the following year.

On the 1st of June, 1821, he received his sentence in the Court of King's Bench, and was fined a hundred pounds. It was supposed, and probably with reason, that his great age and high character saved him on this occasion from imprisonment; but though his family and friends, including those who shared in the

indictment, rejoiced in his freedom, he himself would have preferred incarceration, to what he considered as an unjustifiable attack upon his purse.

In February, 1823, he carried his resolutions at a county meeting at Hackney by a large majority; and in March, 1823, he travelled to Lincoln at a very unfavourable season of the year, in order to attend a county meeting, in which he proposed his resolutions in favour of annual parliaments and universal suffrage-those doctrines with which he began and ended his political career; and though he did not succeed in his object, he had the satisfaction of being greeted by many kind friends, among whom were many in the lower ranks of life, who had walked a distance of above fifty miles to have one more look at their old and respected friend. It was one of Mr Cartwright's peculiar ities, that he rarely appeared to notice any popular demonstrations of respect, so absorbed was he in the object nearest his heart; but on this occasion he observed to the relation who attended him on the journey, that his kind friends did not know how to express with sufficient warmth their pleasure in seeing him; and added, with a smile, "I thought, my dear, that my poor old arm would have been shaken off."

Till the autumn of 1823, Mr Cartwright's health had been remarkably good for one at his advanced age; to which, probably, his early rising, and long habits of temperance, had greatly contributed; and his family fondly hoped he might yet live many years; but, alas! these hopes were soon to be changed into anxiety and apprehension. While on a visit to his nephew, the Rev. Edmund Cartwright, near Chichester, during the month of October, he received in telligence of the illness of one of his

sisters; and on his returning to London, the death of his brother, Dr Cartwright, gave an additional shock to his constitution. The fatal reverses in Spain, and the consequent execution of the gallant Riego, with whose wife and brother he was well acquainted, and in whose sorrows he participated with that tenderness of heart which was one of his characteristics, also visibly affected his health; and from that time he perceptibly declined.

Sensible of his approaching end, of which he often spoke when not in the presence of his family, he used the expression, "I feel that the old machine is nearly worn out:" and in a letter, dated June 20, he says, “In my old man's chair, surrounded by those I love, whose affection and kindness are far more gratifying to me than I can express, my life glides smoothly towards its close, with a degree of happiness for which I am truly grateful." The impression of the short time which yet remained to him, made him so anxious to forward the great cause for which he lived, that it is to be feared that his exertions increased the feverish complaint which undermined his strength. Change of air being recommended by his excellent friend and physician, Dr Harrison, he removed to Hampstead on the 6th of September; but it was evidently to satisfy the anxiety of his friends, for when there, he calculated that he should not live till his birthday on the 28th ; and finding that he grew rapidly worse, he returned, at his own desire, to Burton Crescent on the 16th.

From that day, he took to his bed never to rise again; and after a tedious week of lingering, though not acute, suffering, during which his pie ty towards God, his kindness to his attendants, his recollection of his friends, presented a picture not easily

forgotten by those who witnessed it, on the 23d of September, 1824, he surrendered his truly Christian spirit into the hands of Him who gave it.

The following is a list of Major Cartwright's publications: "American Independence the Interest and Glory of Great Britain," 1774, 8vo. "A Letter to Edmund Burke, Esq. controverting the Principles of Government laid down in his Speech of April 9, 1774," 1775, 8vo. "Take

your Choice, &c. &c." 1776, 8vo. ; reprinted 1777, under the title of "The Legislative Rights of the Commonalty Vindicated," Svo. "A Letter to the Earl of Abingdon, discussing a Position relative to a fundamental Right of the Constitution, contained in his Lordship's Thoughts on the Letter of Edmund Burke, Esq." 1777, 8vo. "The People's Barrier," 1780, "Letter to the Deputies of the Associated Counties, Cities, and Towns, on the Means necessary to a Reformation of Parliament," 1781,

8vo.

"Give us our Rights," 1782, 8vo. "Internal Evidence; or an Inquiry how far Truth and the Christian Religion have been consulted by the Author of Thoughts on a Parliamentary Reform, (Soame Jenyns,)" 1784, 8vo. "Letter to the Duke of Newcastle," 1792, 8vo. "A Plan for providing the Navy with Timber," 1793, 8vo. "Letter to a Friend at Boston," 1793, 8vo. "The Commonwealth in Danger," 1795, 8vo. "Letter to the High Sheriff of the County of Lincoln," 1793, 8vo. "The Constitutional Defence of England," 1796, 8vo. "An Appeal on the Subject of the English Constitution," 1797, 8vo; 2d edition, greatly enlarged, 1799. "The Trident," 1800, 4to. "Letter to the Electors of Nottingham," 1803, 8vo. "The State of the Nation," 1805, 8vo. England's Ægis," 1806, 8vo. "Reasons for Reformation," 1809, 8vo. "The

Comparison," 1810, 8vo. "Six Letters to the Marquis of Tavistock," 1812, 8vo. "A Bill of Rights and Liberties," 1817, 8vo. "The English Constitution produced," 1823, Svo. Major Cartwright was also the author of several papers in Young's Annals of Agriculture.

CHARLES GRANT, ESQ.

We know not when the grave has closed over the mortal remains of an individual whose life has furnished more valuable lessons to mankind, or whose death has deprived the world of a larger share of public and private virtues, than that of the subject of the following memoir. Whether viewed as a man of business, as a philanthropist, or as a Christian, his strict integrity, his mature wisdom, his firmness of character, his frank simplicity, his uniform consistency, his love for his fellow-creatures, his zeal for their welfare, and, above all, his deep and truly scriptural piety, were eminently conspicuous.

Mr Grant was born in Scotland in the year 1746. By the decease of his father, who fell in the memorable battle of Culloden, a very few hours after the birth of his son, the care of his infancy and youth devolved upon an uncle, at whose expense he received a good education in the town of Elgin. This signal benefit afterwards excited in Mr Grant's mind feelings of the most grateful respect for his uncle's memory, and these he expressed by a memorial placed over his grave.

In the year 1767, Mr Grant proceeded to India in a military capacity; but on his arrival there, he was taken into the employ, and under the inmediate patronage, of Mr Richard Becher, a member of the Bengal Council. In 1770, he re-visited his native country, where he united himself by

marriage with a lady of the name of Frazer, who survives him. Having, while in England, obtained the promise of an appointment as a writer on the Bengal Establishment, he reembarked for India in May 1772, accompanied by his wife, her mother and sister, and Lieutenant Ferguson, a friend of the family. The party took their passage in the ship Vansittart, Captain Young, destined first to Bombay, and thence to proceed to Calcutta, where, on his arrival, he received his appointment, which is dated the 27th of November 1772. In the course of this voyage he formed an intimacy with the Rev. Christian Frederick Swartz, a Christian missionary, with whom he maintained a correspondence till the decease of the latter. During the same voyage, he had the misfortune to be present at the sudden death of his friend Ferguson, who was killed, while on shore, at the Cape of Good Hope, in an encounter with Captain Roche, also a passenger in the Vansittart.

Almost immediately after Mr Grant's arrival at Calcutta, on the 23d of June 1773, he was promoted to the rank of factor, and soon afterwards was appointed secretary to the Board of Trade, which office he held for upwards of eight years, performing its duties with exemplary industry and ability.

In 1781, the Bengal government relieved him from his secretaryship, and stationed him as the company's commercial resident, in charge of their valuable silk factory at Malda, a town upon the banks of the Ganges, and in the immediate vicinity of the venerable and stupendous ruins of the once magnificent city of Gour, the ancient capital of Bengal.

In June 1784, he obtained the rank of senior merchant, and in 1787 was summoned to Calcutta, that he might take possession of the seat and office

of fourth member of the Board of Trade, conferred on him by Lord Cornwallis, in consideration of his distinguished abilities and approved integrity. It may be necessary to observe, that the trade with India was at this time the company's chief concern and exclusive property; and that the board at Calcutta, in correspondence with the court at home, had the general management of the company's commercial interests. While his conduct as a member of this board added much to his reputation with the government, the discharge of the duties of the office considerably increased his commercial experience and general knowledge. But in less than three years after he had received this appointment, the impaired health of his family compelled him suddenly to quit India, and return to England. Lord Cornwallis, who had held frequent communications with Mr Grant, and entertained the highest regard for him, when solicited to allow him to quit the presidency, expressed regret at the necessity which deprived government of his services, considered as they were by his lordship so essential to the proper executive management of the commercial interests of the company, that he would in any case, not of the most extreme urgency, have requested him to continue. But this being impracticable, his return to England was accompanied by unusu ally strong expressions of the high satisfaction with which the government regarded his zealous and faithful services in the commercial department.

A distinguishing feature of Mr Grant's character while in India, appears to have been a solicitude to uphold, to the utmost of his power, both by his example and influence, the public profession of the Christian religion by the Europeans. cause his zeal upon some occasions surpassed that of his contemporaries

In this