CLASSIC SCHOOL. London, since altered; Todmorden Town Hall. Sir Horace Jones: The Smithfield Market and Guildhall School of Music. Capt. Fowke and Assistants: The Science College, South Kensington, and the Albert Hall. Crossland: Holloway College, Egham (after Chambord). Whichcord: S. Stephen's Club; National Safe Deposit, E.C. Davis and Emmanuel: City of London Schools. Burns: Duke of Buccleugh's House, Whitehall. Alexander Thomson, of Glasgow, known as "Greek Thomson," erected several buildings at Glasgow in a peculiar severe treatment of modern Greek which had much influence. H. Currey: St. Thomas's Hospital. Bodley and Garner: London School Board Offices, Thames Embankment. The student confined to London may obtain an idea of the early French Renaissance style by an inspection of this building. H. Gribble: The Oratory at Brompton, west front and dome added later. (The Italian style a condition of the competition.) W. Young: Glasgow Municipal Buildings, in the Palladian manner; Gosford Park; War Office, Whitehall. Leaming Brothers: Admiralty Buildings, Whitehail. (The result of an open competition which practically sounded the death knell of Gothic architecture for public buildings.) R. Norman Shaw: New ZeaJand Chambers, Leadenhall Street, London; country houses as "Wispers"; Lowther Lodge, Kensington, and houses at Bedford GOTHIC SCHOOL. R. Brandon: Catholic and Apostolic Church, Gordon Square, London, 1859. E. W. Godwin: Congleton Town Hall, Bristol Assize Courts, and Northampton Town Hall, since altered. A. Waterhouse: Manchester Town Hall and Assize Courts; Natural History Museum, 1879; Prudential Assurance Offices, Holborn; Eaton Hall, Cheshire; City Guilds of London Institute, South Kensington. Deane and Woodward: The Oxford Museum, directly the outcome of Ruskin's teaching. Philip Webb: "Clouds," Hampshire; Lord Carlisle's house, Kensington; offices at Lincoln's Inn Fields. W. E. Nesfield: Lodges at Kew and Regent's Park, and many houses. J. L. Pearson, R.A.: Truro Cathedral. His eight London churches: (1) Holy Trinity, Bessborough Gardens, 1850. (2) St. Anne's, Lower Kenning. (3) St. Augustine's, Kilburn. (8) St. Peter's, Vauxhall. Also Chiswick Parish Church, additions. Astor Estate Offices, Thames James Brooks: Churches in Holland Road, Kensington, Gospel Oak, and many others round London. Goldie St. James's, Spanish Place, London. G. G. Scott: St. Agnes, Kennington; churches at Southwark and Norwich; the Greek Church, T. G. Jackson: Work at Oxford; the Examination Schools and additions to colleges in revived Elizabethan. Ernest George and Peto (Influence of Flemish Renaissance): Works at Collingham Gardens and Cadogan Square, London; houses at Streatham Common; Buchan Hill, Sussex, etc. H. L. Florence: Hotel Victoria, Holborn Viaduct Hotel and Station; Woolland's premises, Knightsbridge. E. R. Robson and J. J. Stevenson: Work for London School Board; London vernacular style in red brick dressings and yellow stocks. E. R. Robson: Institute of Water Colours, Piccadilly; the New Gallery; the People's Palace. R. W. Edis: Constitutional, Junior Constitutional, and Badminton Clubs, London. T. E. Colcutt: Imperial Institute; City Bank, London; Palace Theatre; Lloyd's Registry Office, E.C. E. W. Mountford: Sheffield Town Hall; Battersea Town Hall; Battersea Polytechnic; Liverpool Technical Schools and Art Galleries; Central Criminal Court, Old Bailey, E.C. ; J. M. Brydon: Chelsea Town Hall and Polytechnic Bath Municipal Buildings, Art Gallery and Pump Room; Government Offices, Westminster. J. Belcher: Institute of Chartered GOTHIC SCHOOL. Moscow Road, London; St. Mark's, Leamington, 1879; additions to Pembroke College, Cambridge. Basil Champneys; Girton and Newnham Colleges, Cambridge; the Indian Institute and Mansfield College at Oxford; St. Bride's Vicarage, London, E.C.; Rylands' Library, Manchester. Bodley and Garner: Church at Hoar Cross, Staffordshire; Clumber Church; churches at Hackney Wick, Castle Allerton, Leeds, Folkestone, etc. John Bentley: Roman Catholic church of St. Mary, Watford; the Convent in the Hammersmith Road; New Cathedral, West minster. Sir Arthur Blomfield: St. Mary, Portsea, and many other churches; Sion College, Thames Embankment; the Church House, Westminster; All Saints', Brighton; St. John's, Redhill; St. Alban, Birmingham. Paley and Austin: Stockport and other churches in Lancashire. Douglas and Fordham: Churches and half-timber work, domestic, in Chester and elsewhere. J. D. Sedding (1837-1892): Holy Trinity Church, Chelsea, marks the raising of the arts and crafts into their proper importance; the Church of the Holy Redeemer, Clerkenwell (a new version of the Wren style); St. Clement, Bournemouth, and domestic work adjacent ; Children's Hospital, Finsbury, E.C., and in conjunction with H. W. Wilson, St. Peter's, Ealing, just previous to his death. Aston Webb and Ingress Bell: Birmingham Assize Courts; Insurance Buildings, Moorgate Street, E.C. Aston Webb: Metropolitan Life Office, Moorgate Street; Christ's During the last fifty years the pages of the professional journals have contained most of the noteworthy buildings erected, and it is a source of much pleasure and instruction to go carefully through these records of the developments which have taken place. They seem to show that a style or manner in architecture is being slowly worked out, which may, it is hoped, resist all revivals and fashions, and become the free expression of our own civilization, and the outward symbol of our twentieth century progression. British Colonial Architecture. The development of architecture in the great self-governing colonies, such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada, has to a large extent followed the lead of the mother country. Buildings have been and are erected both in the Classical, Renaissance and Gothic styles, and as in England, Classic is principally though not wholly reserved for secular work, Gothic for ecclesiastical work, and a homely type of design resembling our own Georgian style for smaller domestic works of the country-house type. Some of the larger works are of importance and are an evidence of the political growth of those colonies in which they are situate. Among those in the "classic" school are the MacGill University, Montreal, and the Parliament House, Melbourne; and a large number of banks, insurance offices, city halls, law courts, etc. In the Gothic school the Parliament House at Sydney, Melbourne Cathedral, and the Parliament House at Ottawa are outstanding examples. ARCHITECTURE IN THE STATES. "Built in the old Colonial day, With weather stains upon the wall And stairways, worn and crazy doors, And creaking and uneven floors, UNITED And chimneys huge, and tiled and tall."---LONGFELLOW. THE study of the progress of architecture in a new country, untrammelled with precedent and lacking the conditions obtaining in Europe, is interesting. But room is not available for more than a cursory glance. During the eighteenth century (1725-1775) buildings were erected which have been termed "colonial" in style, corresponding to what is understood in England as "Queen Anne" or "Georgian' (see page 413). In the "New England" States wood was the material principally employed, and largely affected the detail. Craigie House, Cambridge (1757), is typical of the symmetrical buildings. It has elongated Ionic half-columns to its façade, shuttered sash windows, the hipped roof and the dentil cornice of the "Queen Anne" period; the internal fittings resemble that of Adam and Sheraton. The early buildings were mainly churches or "meeting houses," erected after the manner of Sir Christopher Wren. St. Michael at Charlestown (1752) (the probable architect being Gibbs, the designer of the Radcliffe Library at Oxford), St. Paul's, New York (1767), Christ Church, Philadelphia (1727-1735), were among the early churches. In Virginia, as at Brandon, Shirley, etc., and Maryland, the homes of the tobacco planters, many of the best examples of country houses were erected. Independence Hall, Philadelphia (1729-1735), the Old State House at Boston (1747), and the Town Hall at Newport are other well-known buildings. The Spanish rule in Florida and California is responsible for many forts, churches and mission houses, which bear resemblance to the Spanish Renaissance buildings. Between the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the war of 1812, owing to the erection of new State capitals, a more monumental type was evolved. Among these buildings may be mentioned: - The original Capitol at Washington (1793-1830), by Thornton, Hallet and Latrobe. Virginia University (1817), by Jefferson, recently destroyed by fire, and rebuilt in a similar manner by McKim, Mead and White, and the Massachusetts State House at Boston (1795), by Bullfinch, recently enlarged and restored. The Classical Revival (1812-1870) of Europe reached the States somewhat late, but produced similar results. Among the buildings were the Wings and Dome of the Capitol at Washington (1858-1873), by Walters, which became the model for m ny public buildings. The Customs House at New York, the United States Mint, Philadelphia, the Treasury at Washington, Boston Custom House, several State capitols, the Town Hall, Philadelphia, and the Capitol at Albany, begun in 1871. The Gothic Revival was confined principally to churches (1840-1876). Grace Church (1840) and St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York (begun in 1858), both by Renwick; Trinity Church, New York (1843-1846), by Upjohn; the State Capitol at Hartford (1875-1878); the Museum at Boston (1876-1880); the Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia (1876); Memorial Hall, Harvard College (1870-1877), are examples of this revival. Recent Architecture. The industrial activity which followed the civil war (1861-1865), and the devastating conflagrations of Chicago (1871) and Boston (1872) all helped to create greater interest in architecture, while such exhibitions as that at Philadelphia (1876) and Chicago (1893) have aided in enlarging the national ideas. Two architects, H. H. Richardson (1826-1886), and R. M. Hunt (1827-1895) also helped the movement, both in very different ways. Richardson, although a pupil of the École des BeauxArts, worked in the non-academic French Romanesque manner, and greatly influenced his contemporaries and successors. Trinity Church, Boston (1877), Pittsburgh County Buildings, the Albany City Hall, work at Harvard University, and many charming. small libraries round Boston, are his well-known examples. F.A. F F |