since 1694'. The series of marble busts of eminent Etonians which are now placed between the windows was begun through the influence of Provost Hodgson (Provost 1840—1853). Between this building and the road, occupying part of what is now called "Long Walk," the Stable stood (fig. 19). This was removed in 17222 to a more suitable position at the corner between Weston's Yard and the Playing Fields (fig. 1); and the space between the tower at the N.W. angle of the Master's chamber and the road is now occupied by a Lodge for the use of the Head Master's servant, erected in 1844 from the design. of John Shaw, architect. The arch through which Weston's Yard is now entered from the Slough Road then replaced that shewn by Loggan (fig. 19). The wall bounding the "Long Walk" in front of Upper School was coped with stone in 1753, and the lime trees were planted in the following year3. The School Yard, frequently called the Church-Yard in the earlier accounts', was brought into its present appearance early in the last century. In Loggan's time it appears to have been laid out in grass-plots crossed by gravel-walks. In 1706 it was paved, and the spouts were "brought down into the drains," at an outlay of more than £6003. The bronze statue of King Henry the Sixth was erected in 1719, at the expense of Provost Godolphin (Provost 1695-1732). PLAYING FIELDS. The "Wharf in Playingeleys," which was situated just beyond Sheeps-bridge, was made in 1557. It occupied a considerable space along the river side, and had a house and meadow attached to it. It existed until 1840, when it was demolished, and the ground added to the Lower Shooting Fields. The Bridge called "Sheeps-Bridge" between the two divisions of the Playing Fields was made in 1563—64', probably to replace an older one of wood. 1 [The view in Ackermann's Eton, taken about 1816, does not differ materially from that here given.] 2 [Audit Book, 1722-23.] 3 [College Minute Book, 20 December, 1753-] 4 [Audit Book, 1583–4: "Item to Holdernes and other laborers digginge and carying of the earthe and levellinge of the groundes in the churcheyarde betweene the churche and the schoole ut per billam xj. viijd.”] 5 [Audit Book, 1706—7.] 6 [Ibid. 1557-68.] 7 [Ibid. 1563-64. "To Thomas Frankleyn and his princtice for .v. dayes workinge on the newe bridge into the shotinge fildes vj. vjd." The other Bridge, The Playing Fields were first laid out and planted, so far as we can ascertain, in 1583-84, when the following entries occur: "Item paid for dyvers younge Elmes, Asshes, and other Trees and to dyvers workmen for plantinge and settinge of them aboute the playinge fildes and other places of the College groundes ut per billam xxxiijs. xd " ij dayes and a halfe makinge the benches in the playinge The work was continued in 1588-89: "Itm paide for lx yonge elmes and setting of them in the Church yearde', the playing leaze and shooting fildes The present trees are probably those of which the planting began in 1685-862: "To John Godfrey and other Labourers for grubbing up of old Elme and Ash Trees in the playing Feilds, and for planting young Elmes in the roome of them, and other worke about the same; and for ditching and making good the Fences in the Tymber hall where the Trees were felled to make Tables in the hall...11.05. 11.” "It payd John Hill for 70 young Elmes planted in the Playing Feilds at 124. a peece 31. 10°; and for work about the same...06. 16.06." The garden attached to the Provost's Lodge is still of the extent shewn in Loggan, and is bounded by the walls of red brick shewn by him. The Fellows' Garden, on the opposite side of the pathway leading from the Cloisters to the Playing Fields, is also bounded by old walls on the north and west sides; but the Dove-house, at the eastern end, was pulled down in 1751, and in the two following years the improvement of the garden was under consideration. Loggan shews a large building on the south side, with a smaller garden behind it. This is probably the "woodhouse between the gardens" mentioned in the Audit Book for 1616-17. The smaller garden has since been increased to a width equal to that of the east front of the Fellows' building ] now called Fifteen Arch Bridge, had originally 14 narrow arches of brick, and 1 of stone, over the stream. The 6 centre arches were destroyed by the flood of 1809, and were replaced by 3 only. The present Bridge dates from 1833. See Radcliffe's Eton.] 1 [Before Upper School was built, Long Walk was probably regarded as part of the Church-Yard.] 2 [Audit Book, 1685-86. The work was continued in 1689-90.] 3 [College Minute Book, 20 December, 1751. Ibid. 20 Dec. 1752. 20 Dec. 1753-] CHAPTER IX. HISTORY OF KING'S COLLEGE CHAPEL. THE Chapel is the only portion of the design for King's College that was carried out; and this, so far from having been completed during the reign of King Henry the Sixth, was not ready for use for at least half a century after his death. The contemporary building-accounts having been destroyed, with the exception of one volume extending over a little less than a year (28 May, 1508-18 March, 1509) at the end of the reign. of King Henry the Seventh, the task of ascertaining the progress of the work is very difficult. The first stone is said to have been laid at the Altar by the King in person, on S. James' Day (25 July), 1446. A record of the event has been preserved in the following verses. They closely resemble those relating to the Old Court quoted in Chapter II., and were possibly written by the same person1: "Altaris petram quam Rex superedificauit Hic vnctam petram Regia sacra manus Astiterant Regi tunc pontifices in honorem 1 [They are on the same page of the Register of Papal Bulls as the former, written in a contemporary, but different, hand. A marginal note adds "Fundacio novæ Ecclesiæ R. H. VI. XXIII, festo Sancti Jacobi, Ao. Dni 1446." The foundation or "groundes" of the Chapel at Eton were in like manner directed to "be so taken that the first stone lye in the middle of the high altare." Cole describes an unsuccessful search for the foundation-stone (MSS. Cole, xiii. 5): “About 1770, when they dug the Foundations of the new Altar, they searched very minutely for this Stone, according to this Direction: but to no Purpose. I was there with the Vice Provost and Mr Essex the Architect more than once."] VOL. I. 30 In the same year, on All Souls' Day (2 November), the Cemetery was consecrated by the Bishop of Winchester'. A few months previously (4 March, 1446), the King had granted to the College a quarry in Thefdale, or Thevesdale, in the lordship of Heselwode near Tadcaster in Yorkshire. This he had obtained from Henry Vavasour, together with the right of carriage over his estate to the River Wharfe, so that the stone could be conveyed by water to Cambridge. The supply from Thefdale continued for about three years, when arrangements were made (25 February, 1449) for using the neighbouring quarry of Hudleston, as related in Chapter V. If these dates. are correct it is curious that Henry VI. should have directed that the payment of £1000 from the revenues of the Duchy of Lancaster should not begin before Michaelmas, 14473. The first overseer of the works (magister operum) was John Langton, whose name has already been met with so frequently in connection with the foundation of the College. This is known 1 ["Anno eodem videlicet millesimo quadringentesimo quadragesimo sexto Et regni Regis Henrici sexti Collegii sui Regalis vicesimo quinto Fundatoris eiusdem graciosissimi in Festo et die Animarum sanctificatum erat Cimitorium per dominum Willelmum Wyntoniensem Episcopum." Register of Bulls, ut supra. Baker has preserved a letter (MSS. xxxvi. 9) "Ex Cartulario Abb. S. Edmundi," addressed by Hen. VI. to the Abbot of Bury S. Edmund's, in which he states that he had intended to have laid the stone himself, but being prevented by the prevalence of contagious disease in Cambridge, proposed to send the Marquis of Suffolk as his proxy, to perform the ceremony on Michaelmas Day. The letter is dated only 17 Sept., but by internal evidence has been referred to 1447. Cooper's Annals, i. 198. On the other hand the Will is explicit: "primevum lapidem Ecclesie ejusdem Collegii...propriis manibus nuper posuerimus." Mr Betham thinks that the letter refers to the Chapel of the first foundation, which stood, as he says, west of Cow-lane.] 2 [The grant is among the muniments of King's College. Henry Vavasour came to Cambridge on Feb. 10, 1451, and was regaled with wine and fish. Mundum-Book, 1450-51, Soluciones forinsece. "Item in vno dentriculo et stinco dat' H. Vavasour in die sancte scolastice virginis [Feb. 10] ad mandatum viceprepositi ijs. Item in le potell de rubio vino et alio dulcis vini dat' Henrico Vavasour xxiij die mensis marcii xiij d." Thefdale Quarry, called also "Jackdaw Crag," or "Petres Post," is about 1 miles S. W. of Tadcaster. Hudleston Quarry is about a mile W. of Sherburn. They are both in the Lower Magnesian Limestone. Thefdale supplied the stone for part of York Minster. (History of the Metropolitan Church of S. Peter, York, by John Browne, 2 vols. 4°. London, 1847, pp. 13, 47, 48. Fabric Rolls of York Minster, ed. Surtees Society, passim.) From the vicinity of Tadcaster the Roman masons took stone for the walls of Eburacum. Phillips, Yorkshire, p. 83.] 3 See Chapter IV. p. 353. from a short list of benefactors contained in the earliest College Register'; from a passage in the "Memoriale" of Dr Robert Wodelarke (Provost, 1452-79); and from an affidavit made 2 May, 1465, a question having arisen respecting Langton's debts, by William Millington, who had been Provost from the foundation to 1447, to the effect that Langton was in no way connected with the College, but that he "purveied Bookes, Vestimentes, Belles, and other ornamentes to the Kinges College aforesaide...of the pure almous of King Henry first Founder vnto the same College." A memorandum, undated, but apparently drawn up at the same time, and possibly by the same person, describes his functions in detail : "Be it in mynde that Maister John Langton late the Bysshop of Seint Davis occupied fowre thyngez perteynyng to ye Kyngez College Roial of our Lady and Seint Nicholas of Cambrige by the Kyngs especial commandment. Firste ye oversight of ye werkes of the said College fro ye begynnyng to ye xth day of March the yere of his reigne xxv. [1447] Secunde he paid and ouersawe all ye expenses and receyved all ye Lyvelode of ye seide College vnto ye Feste of Candlemess ye yere of his reigne xxiiij. [1446] Therde he occupied ye ouersight of all ye stuffe which longed vnto ye Chirch of ye seide College as Bokes vestimints and such others. Fourth he occupied all ye ground yt longeth to ye procinct of ye College purchased for the inlargyng of ye same3." 1 [The passage, apparently copied by a careless scribe, is as follows: "Magister Johannes Langton quondam Cancellarius Vniuersitatis Cantebr' Capellanus Regius Et postea dei gracia Meneuensis Episcopus qui per instancias suas et labores speciales Collegii Regalis supradicti in Vniuersitate predicta per graciam graciocissimi Fundatoris predicti fundari procurauit et possessionibus spiritualibus et temporalibus quam plurimis celsitudini Regie [congruis?] dotari laborauit. Magisterque operum ibidem existentium [fuit ?]. Ecclesiam inibi collegiatam tam libris quam iocalibus et vestimentis pretiosis [ornari?] procurauit." He was Master of Pembroke, 1428—1447, and Chancellor of the University, 1436-1443.] 2 [The author is speaking of the Building Accounts of King's, which, he says, were always kept separate from the College Accounts; and enumerates the overseers and clerks of the works in the following order: "tempore magistri Johannis Langton, tempore magistri Willelmi Myllyngton ad tunc prepositi, ac etiam tempore magistri Nicholai Cloos, ac tempore magistri Roberti Wodelarke; et per clericos operum viz: Willelmum Roskyn Thomam Dekyn defunctos, et Johannem Caunterbury adhuc superstitem; et pro temporibus predictorum magistrorum et clericorum operum et compotos annorum omnium separales."] 3 [Muniments of King's College. The account goes on to set forth Langton's debts to the College, and ends by shewing that he owed £244. 175. 2d. besides £71. 185. |