constructed a brick wall with a large and handsome door in the middle'."

Lyne's plan of Cambridge (1574), and that of Hammond (1592), were taken before Perne's Library was built; the former shews a range of buildings next the street, and a few houses between them and the street; but the latter, which is the more precise, shews a wall at the cast end of the court running from the end of the Master's lodge northwards to the opposite range, and separating off a narrow court next to the street (fig. 2). This court has buildings on the north and east sides, and extends slightly more to the south than the principal quadrangle. No entrance is shewn from the street, and it is probable that up to this time the College had its principal entrance from the churchyard, through the vaulted porch under the gallery. It is evident that

the eastern range stood clear of the site of the Chapel, which was completed by March 17, 1632, while the order for pulling down the chambers is dated April 9, 1632. Dr Derham's chamber was at the east end of the north range, and we have seen that the churchyard street-gate was at that time at the southeast corner of the churchyard (fig. 1). We learn therefore that old chambers occupied the north and east sides of the entrancecourt, and extended beyond Perne's Library. Some of these chambers were probably older than those of which we have followed the building from the account rolls, and are those which were repaired in 1374. Part of them may also have been included in the works of the fourteenth century.

The new chambers which were built in consequence of the order of 1632 on the north side of this court are shewn in Loggan's view (fig. 14), which also represents two doors into the street instead of one. This must have been the result of a change

1 The holders of the above-mentioned four scholarships are to be paid their stipends out of the rents of the new chambers. On Oct. 21, 1663, it was ordered that the six chambers lately constructed or fitted up on the border of the churchyard be appropriated in future to the Fellows of Mr Park's and Mr Ramsay's foundation. This must apply to the north range ordered to be built in 1632, and shews how College work lingers.

2 The Chapel Account-book shews that in 1629, when the Chapel was begun, they took down "the wall between the Master's lodging and Dr Derham his chamber," to clear the ground. Therefore the Doctor's chamber was opposite to the Master's on the other side of the court.

of plan during the execution of the work, for the style of their ornament corresponds to the date. By the date, 1633, on the brick gable of the Library we see that its elongation to the street followed immediately upon the demolition of the old chambers. The date probably belongs to the beginning of the work rather than to the completion, for it was not till 1641-2, that a payment of £30 to joiners (scriniarii) for making three new cases for the Library shews that the additional space was being fitted up1.

The Bursar's Roll for 1637-8 shews a total expenditure of more than £200 upon a "Restauratio extraordinaria" of the College, which includes £97 for workmanship upon the decayed and corroded windows and outer doors in both courts, besides stone, brick and other materials for the same. To procure additional funds for these works a letter soliciting subscriptions had been issued in 1636, in which the Master and Fellows. state that they have built a Chapel which still remains insufficiently ornamented, and unfinished, that they have rebuilt

[Some new fittings however had been put in previously; for in 1633-4 we find "xiij li Ashley pro novis sedilibus in Bibliothecâ." The work done in 1641-2 was clearly the beginning of the fitting up, for in the following year 1642-3 three more cases were made at the same price; and in 1643-4 apparently two, at a cost of £19. In 1644—5, £11.5.0 is paid “pro theca nova et tabula;” and in 1645–6, £12.0.0 for the same, together with 10.0.0 "pro fenestra orientali." In 1647—8, £11.17.0 is paid "pro thecis novis et tabulis;" and in 1655-6 the vestibule is fitted up, as appears by the following:

"Scriniario pro fabrica novi vestibuli et scriniorum Carpentario pro opera circa fabricam novi vestibuli

17 6 8

9

6

3

Fabro ferrario pro ferramentis circa novum vestibulum et scrinia 5 10" The "tabula" may perhaps be the frame to contain the catalogues, though the word usually meant a shelf in the 17th century. These bookcases will be figured and described in the chapter on College Libraries.]

2 "Pro lapide cæso, Lateribus coctis, Calce viva, Arena, Lignis, etc. ad Restaurationem extraordinariam Collegii in ædificandis, removendis, atque in ordinem redigendis omnibus fenestris infra aream ejusdem Collegii tam novam quam antiquam et exterioribus ostiis tabe et carie prius consumptis."

...

VOL. I.

3

and repaired the ruinous chambers, and are now endeavouring to increase the Library, and put in order the Hall and the Court'.

In 1638-9, ten pounds was paid to John Westley, for repairing and restoring the roof of the west side of the College2. Thus the court was brought to the aspect it presents in Loggan's print.

CHAPTER V.

WORKS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

[THE idea of completing the College by a second court towards the east had been entertained by Dr Perne, in whose will the following clause occurs :

"Item I doe give towardes the buildinge of the east ende of the Colledge of Peterhouse aforesaid like to the rest of the Colledge havinge a fayer gate house in the midst of it like to St Johns gate house twentie powndes to the said Colledge of Peterhouse; to be payed out of my goodes by mine Executor within three yeares after my decease, to be reserved in the Colledge chest to that purpose only. I truste that the Master and Fellowes of Peterhouse for the time beinge will be earnest and dayly sutors for the buildinge of the same goodlie worke with the helpe of my Lord of Caunterburies grace that nowe is Archbishop Whitgifte, Mr Customer Smythe, Mr Sutton of Ashton, Sir Wuliston Dixie, and Sir Thomas Ramsie, all wch have promised to contribute towardes the buildinge of the same . . .

Whether the complete realisation of this plan, so as to include an east front, was ever seriously considered we do not know. Nothing however was done in this part of the College after the civil war, until] Dr Richardson's range of chambers on the north side of the entrance court was doomed to destruction on March 30, 1732, when it was

"Agreed... yt ye Building on ye North side of ye Chappel be taken down wth all convenient speed and rebuilt in a decent and strong manner with ye College dead-stock"."

2

xli."

1 [The letter is printed in the Appendix, No. IV.]

"Pro reparando et restaurando tecto Collegii a parte occidentali Johanni Westley,

3 College Order, March 30, 1732.

This resolution however was not carried out for several

years afterwards. Mr Burrough of Caius College prepared a design, for which he received a piece of plate of the value of ten pounds "in consideration of the Trouble he has been at on the College Account':" and four years afterwards a copper-plate engraving was ordered "representing in Perspective the Chapel, with the New Building now erecting on the Northside, and another design'd to be erected on the South"." Engravings of proposed buildings were usually made at this period and circulated to assist in obtaining subscriptions. The south building, however, was never carried out. The north building is a handsome and substantial Italian pile of chambers in three stories, of brick, faced with Ketton stone on the south and east sides3.

[It was directed to be commenced at the end of the year 1736, by the following order:

"July 21, 1736, Agreed. . . that the Order made in the year 1732 to take down the Building on the North Side of the Chapel be put in Execution at or before Mich. next, And that an Estimate be taken of

1 College Order, Feb. 6, 1735-6.

2 [College Order, Aug. 11, 1739. This plate, drawn by R. West, and engraved by P. Fourdrinier, shews a building on the south exactly similar to that on the north; and between each of them and the Chapel a building of the same height and design, supported on a cloister of three arches in rustic work, like the arch that now gives access to the northern building.]

3 [Outside the easternmost window of the second floor on the north side are two iron bars on brackets, with a third attached to them, just far enough from the wall to allow a man's body to pass. Tradition assigns this window to the rooms of the poet Gray, who had these bars put up to secure his escape in case of fire by means of a rope. One night some malicious wags shouted "Fire!" The poet descended; not, however, on to the ground, but into a tub of water placed under his window. This is said to have been the real cause of his leaving Peterhouse for Pembroke. A month before he left he writes to Dr Wharton: "I beg you to bespeak me a rope-ladder (for my neighbours every day make a great progress in drunkenness, which gives me cause to look about me). It must be full 36 feet long, or a little more, but as light and manageable as may be, easy to unroll, and not likely to entangle. I never saw one, but I suppose it must have strong hooks, or something equivalent at top, to throw over an iron bar, to be fixed in the side of my window." In the first letter from Pembroke to the same, March 25, 1756, he evades his real reason for removal: "I left my lodgings because the rooms were noisy and the people of the house uncivil.” He had been disturbed, says Mason, by "two or three young men of Fortune." Their names are given by Moultrie in his edition of Mitford's Life of Gray. Dr Law, Master of Peterhouse, called the affair "a boyish frolic" and refused redress. See Gray's Works by Mason, Moultrie, and in the Aldine Edition, 1853.]

the Incomes, in order to allow them to the several Persons to whom they belong:"

but the next order, made in April, 1738, shews that the work had been again deferred, and that the old range of chambers was still standing; also, that some other material than stone had at first been decided on; for it was then

66

Agreed that the new Building be cas'd with Stone towards the Chapel and the Street, and that the Stone for this purpose be provided immediately; and that the Building be taken down as far as the Cloyster."

The question of position had been considered from the first, for on April 6, 1734, it was agreed:

"That in consideration of the Parish's giving their consent for the taking in seventy-five feet in length and nineteen feet in breadth of the Churchyard for the erecting a new building, the College do pay to the said Parish an Acknowledgment of five shillings per annum, and make a pav'd walk on the North side of the Church ten feet in breadth, together with a large Door five feet in breadth, and a small Door into the Chancel with Porches for each Door. And likewise that a new Gate be made to the Churchyard, the trees on the North side cut down, and the large Pew by the North Door removed."]

By this means additional breadth was given both to the entrance court and to the chambers. [The delay above mentioned was very likely due to some hesitation on the part of the Parish, for it was not until March 23rd, 1737-8, that it was

66

Agreed that the new Building to be erected be set from the Chapel as far as the Vestry, and a Church-way be made for the Parishioners on the north side of the Church, provided the consent of the Parish and Ordinary be obtain'd for that Purpose."

The work was sufficiently advanced by the beginning of 1741' for an agreement to be made "that the Ceilings in the new Buildings be performed, viz., to be floated and finished in the best and workmanlike manner, including whitening at I shilling and 3d. per yard:"-and in June of the same year the rooms were painted". They were not ready for occupation apparently until the beginning of 1742, when their rents were

1 May 5, 1741.

2 College Order, June 12, 1741.