the Hall, paint the wainscoat, alter the windows and buy new tables." This wainscot had been put up in 1634, with the screen and chimney-piece. The whole work is in the same style, and was evidently carried on at the same time. The above date is carved on the screen'. The external doorcase of the Hall at B, fig. 2, seems to belong to the same period as the woodwork, as well as the dial which once occupied the centre of the parapet (fig. 4). The Master and Fellows further expended £398. 8s. od. in repairs before the year 1721, and in 1728 John Hawkins (Master 1728-33) gave all his dividends annually to the College, which laid them out in repairs, making a total of £555 at the end of his mastership.

The old Chapel appears to have remained useless for five and twenty years after the new one was consecrated. But about 1690, as previously related, it was fitted up as at present for a Library, and its ancient appearance entirely changed. A College order in 1693 (Feb. 15) directs "M' Anthony, M' Bankes, and Sir Crossinge to undertake the removal of the books from the old to the new library," and on Oct. 26, 1697, a payment of "£12 to Mr Bankes, Sir Crossinge and Mr Poulett for placing the Books and making Catalogues" marks the completion of this work.

In 1668 a new Bake-house, Stables, etc., were built in the Paschal-yard (fig. 4) [at the cost of the Hitcham estate, and Sir Robert Hitcham's shield was affixed to them as a memorial]; in 1692 a brick wall in the Master's and Fellows' garden; and in the following year a similar one between those of the Master and Fellows.

[It was during the Mastership of Dr Roger Long (1733–70) that the brick building at the north-east corner of the inner Court (fig. 1) was built, to contain a hollow sphere of metal eighteen feet in diameter, constructed by himself and an ingenious tinplate worker of Cambridge named Jonathan Munn, to represent the appearance, relative situation, and motions of the heavenly bodies. The building was pulled down to make room for the new offices in 1871, and the model broken up.]

1 [In earlier times the walls of the Hall had been concealed by hangings. In 1575 this entry occurs: "For turning ye hangings in ye hall 5"." Bishop Wren's small MS.]

[Le Keux, i. 220. A minute description of it is given by Dr Long in his Astronomy, 4°. Cambridge, 1764, ii. p. iii. See also Wordsworth, University Life, etc., 662.]

In 1745 the front part of the Master's lodge was built, containing an entrance hall and staircase, to replace the open external staircase which had previously served to give access to the upper floors, and to provide also some additional bedrooms. [Carter, writing in 1752, when Dr Long was Master, says that the Lodge

"hath several good Apartments, some of which are stock'd with Musical, and others with Mathematical Instruments; and in a Ground Room he [the Master] hath a Printing Press with the Apparatus belonging thereto, wherein he is printing his Astronomical Works. But the chief beauty of this Lodge is (in my opinion) the Gardens, and therein the Water-Works, contrived by the present Master (and here let me tell you, he is a very great Mechanic), which supplies a beautiful and large Bason in the middle of the Garden, and wherein he often diverts himself in a Machine of his own contrivance, to go with the Foot as he rides therein1."]

[The rebuilding of the older portions of the College was first contemplated, and a building fund commenced, in 1776, when "James Brown, Master, and William Mason, Fellow, each gave £50 to establish a Building Fund in memory of Thomas Gray the Poet, who had long resided in the College?" The buildings, more especially those in the Old Court, had become so ruinous by 1862 that the immediate execution of the design was seriously considered. It was found, however, that the fund had not accumulated to a sufficient sum, and it was therefore decided "that an Architect be consulted with a view to ascertain whether the exterior and interior of the College could be improved at a moderate expense." The plans of Mr Cory, as mentioned above, were adopted, and nearly £4000 was spent, chiefly on the Hall and offices, on repairs to chambers, and to the northern external walls.

1 [Carter's Cambridge, 78: Gray's Works, ed Pickering, iii. 58.] 2 [Pembroke College Commemoration Book. Pembroke in 1756, and died there 30 July, 1771.

Gray took up his residence in He is believed to have occupied

the set of rooms on the ground-floor at the W. end of the Hitcham building (fig. 13), under those afterwards occupied by William Pitt. The fund was subsequently augmented by the donations of various persons, and especially of Sarah Lonsdale, who bequeathed to the Society in 1783 her estate of Barham-Hall, in the parish of Linton, Cambs., directing that one-third of the rents should be appropriated to this Fund. From the wording of the original College Order (Nov. 1776) it seems to have been intended at that time to erect a new building next the Garden, i.e. to the east of the New Court.]

3 [College Order, Nov. 18, 1862.]

The old Hall was 41 feet long within the screens, by 27 feet broad. There were three large windows in the western wall and two in the eastern, the space between which was occupied by a wide fire-place with an extremely picturesque external chimney (fig. 14). In the interior, original stone corbels existed on each side at about nine feet from the ground. They may have been intended to carry a high-pitched roof, such as is usual in dining-halls of the period before Booth's Library was planned. The tracery shewn in Loggan's view had been removed or fallen out from the windows, and they were divided by a single

Fig. 14. Chimney on the east side of the old Hall, now destroyed.

vertical mullion (fig. 5). The roof was ceiled, flat, with ticbeams at intervals. The original Jacobean woodwork, erected as above narrated in 1634, still existed over the dais and along the sides between the windows. There was also a singularly beautiful chimney-piece of the same period. The screens had been continued up to the roof by a lath- and plaster-partition, so as to contrive a room over the music-gallery used for kitchen stores. On removing this, traces of the original panelling of the roof were found, coloured, beneath the modern ceiling. From these indications Mr Cory was enabled to design a very picturesque wooden roof, divided into compartments and supported

by vaulting ribs resting on the stone corbels, with appropriate tracery in the spandrils. The panelling was cleaned and repaired; a pavement of encaustic tiles was laid down, and gas chandeliers were suspended from the roof. Pointed windows of three lights were also designed to replace those mentioned above. These were inserted into the old openings, and the original hood-molds were retained. Still, good as these windows were in themselves, their tracery could hardly be described as "restored to its original form from an old engraving'," for the transom shewn in Loggan (fig. 4) was omitted. The doorway of the Renaissance next the Old Court was unfortunately pulled down, and replaced by one of pointed character.

On the appointment of the present Master in 1870 the College once more entered upon the question of providing additional accommodation for its members. It was decided, in the first instance, to pull down the row of houses in Trumpington Street called Pembroke Place, and to build a range of chambers on their site, from the designs of Mr Alfred Waterhouse, Architect. This work was commenced early in 1871, and completed in the following year.

At the same time the condition of the Lodge was discussed. The old Lodge appeared to be such an inconvenient residence, and so incapable of improvement, that it was decided to build a new one on a new site. The plans of the same architect were accepted, and the new Lodge was begun to the east of the New Court in 1871, some dwelling-houses being pulled down to make way for it. It was ready for occupation in the spring of 1873; and the old Lodge, together with the south side of the Old Court, were doomed to a speedy destruction. It was decided to pull them down on July 13, 1874, and Mr Waterhouse was instructed at the same time to prepare plans "for an extension of the Hall, and the erection of a new Combination Room." It will be seen from the wording of this order that the demolition of the Hall was not at first intended. The Lodge, however, including as it did so much of the south side of the Court, could not be pulled down without affecting other buildings. Deprived of structures that had so long abutted against it, the Hall wore

[These are Mr Cory's own words in a letter addressed to the Editor of The Times, April 1, 1875.]

a singularly forlorn and desolate aspect; and when the ivy was stripped from the west side, the ancient walls, whence the stucco had fallen off in places, looked patched and unsightly. Moreover, it is not impossible that the stability of the structure had been somewhat impaired by the excavation of cellars beneath it, which Mr Cory had been instructed to provide. It was therefore decided before long to pull it down. This decision did not pass without protest, and the reasons in favour of demolition cannot be better stated than in the answer of the Master to a memorial signed by several members of the College against the destruction "of a group of buildings of so picturesque a character, of such architectural value, and of such great antiquity."

The original intention was, as the memorialists rightly supposed, to have lengthened the hall, making also, of course, such alterations in the upper part as to leave it in a thorough state of repair, and not merely patching it up to last for a few years only, thus throwing upon our immediate successors a disagreeable task, which we were unwilling to undertake for ourselves. But on a closer examination of the state of the building (the opportunity for which was given by the removal of the old lodge and consequent exposure of the walls and other portions of the hall) we were convinced that no alternative remained for us but entire demolition. The roof and floors were found in such a state that they must of necessity be renewed. The walls (which are built of rubble, consisting of mortar and rough lumps of clunch in about equal proportions) were considerably out of the vertical, and some portions apparently in a dangerous condition. The walls rested, moreover, on no solid foundations, having been built only a few feet in the ordinary ground, and both architect and contractor expressed strongly their opinion that it would be actually dangerous to interfere with them in any way, although if left untouched they might, of course, remain standing for some time'."

The advice of the Architect was followed, and on March 16, 1875, he was authorized to pull down the Hall; and on May 19, in the same year, to proceed with the erection of a new one. On June 10 his plans for a building to contain a new Library, Lecture Rooms, Muniment Room, etc., were approved, and it is now, September, 1877, nearly completed.]

[This letter, together with the Memorial, was printed in The Times, March 26, 1875. Further letters on the subject appeared in the same journal on March 29, and April 1. The Master's letter was addressed to the Bishop of Ely, who, with Sir Henry Maine, the Head Master of the Charterhouse, Canon Venables, and other graduates of Pembroke, had signed the memorial. The demolition of the Hall had, however, been commenced before the document was presented.]