The Ottawa pours its dark waters into the clear flood of the St. Lawrence, partly above the city and partly below it. Montreal is thus built upon an island; and near the centre of the island rises the "mountain" which lends to the fair city so much of its loveliness. A journey of three or four hours takes the traveller from Montreal to Ottawa, the capital of the Canadian Dominion. Here the Chaudière Falls will attract attention and admiration. Α group of elegant and 'substantial public buildings adorns the city, and indicates where the legislature of the Dominion sits, and where the Executive Government transacts the public business of the country.

From Ottawa westward the route lies through a famous "timber" country, with no charms for the farmer, but rich in lakes and streams, and abounding with fish and game. At the head of Lake Nipissing is North Bay Junction, where passengers from Toronto join the transcontinental trains. At Sudbury and other points along the line, very valuable mineral deposits have been discovered. Nickel has been found in quantities unequalled in any other part of the world. Iron, silver, and other minerals are also abundant.

For two hundred miles the road skirts the north shore of Lake Superior, that vast fresh-water sea whose cool breezes refresh the traveller in the hottest days of summer. It required skill, courage, and ample financial resources to build a railway through a territory so rocky, so mountainous, so barren. The mineral wealth of this belt will, it is hoped, amply repay the country for the cost and risk it has incurred. Besides, a railway connecting the western provinces with the older portion of the Dominion is essential to its national existence.

Thunder Bay, at the head of Lake Superior, presents very bold and beautiful scenery. Fort William and Port Arthur, in the vicinity, are the headquarters of an important lake traffic 'energetically 'prosecuted during the summer. Immense elevators receive millions of bushels of grain to be transferred to steamers and borne down the lakes, the canals, the St. Lawrence, and at last perhaps across the Atlantic to supply the markets of the British Isles.

A little over four hundred miles westward from Port Arthur stands the young and handsome prairie city Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba, and the chief centre of trade for the whole North-West. A few years ago, Fort Garry, a trading-post of the Hudson Bay Company, and the humble dwellings of a score of half-breeds, occupied the site of this busy and well-governed

city of 30,000 inhabitants. Here the Assiniboine and the Red River of the north unite their turbid waters and hasten through the fertile plain to Lake Winnipeg.

We are now in the prairie-land, seemingly level and boundless as a sea. In summer it is richly clad in verdure, brightened with the gayest wild flowers. In winter it is covered with snow, but not to such depth as to prevent herds of buffaloes and cattle in the ranches from feeding on the frozen grasses. Only in the coldest weather do the herds on the ranches require to be sheltered or fed in barn or storehouse.

The settler's plough has transformed many a league of North-West prairie into the finest wheat-fields in the world. The process of settlement is going on with increasing 'rapidity. Hamlets, villages, and towns are rising where the conditions are favourable. The church and the school-house, unfailing signs of religion and civilization, appear at frequent intervals. There are many "junctions" where branch railways start from the main line, in order to render available for settlement millions of acres, fertile, well-watered, richly wooded, inviting the 'husbandman with the promise of abundant harvests.

A railway ride through nine hundred miles of prairie enables the tourist to see towns like Brandon, Regina, and Calgary, and many smaller ones, which have rapidly become important as centres of commerce, and the growth of which indicates the steady development of the surrounding country. Calgary is the centre of vast "ranching" enterprises, the place of the vanished buffalo being taken by immense herds of cattle intended for fardistant markets. The westward horizon seems closed against further advance, guarded by the snow-crested bastions of the Rocky Mountains. But the swift-flowing Bow River furnishes a key to the very heart of the mountains. The railway track keeps close to the river, which in fact digged out for it this "gap" and the whole pass long ages ago. 3 We glance at the Kananaskis Falls, which are a prelude of wonders to come. Banff National Park has numerous attractions to induce the tourist to take a few days for the study of these 'majestic mountains at close quarters. As you fill eye, mind, heart, and 'imagination with these mountain forms and mountain masses, you feel overwhelmed with their grandeur. The six hundred miles from Calgary to Vancouver form beyond comparison the most striking and wonderful railway ride that can be enjoyed in going round the world-rushing torrents, silvery cascades falling thousands of feet down steep mountain sides; mighty

rivers hurrying to the sea; slumbering lakes reflecting snowy summits; deep and dark gorges torn by raving waterfalls; beetling precipices; forests of stately pines in quiet valleys; mountain sides ploughed and scarred by avalanches; leagues of slumbering glaciers slowly grinding their way down the rocky slopes; four vast ranges to be crossed the Rockies, the Selkirks, the Gold and the Coast ranges, each with peculiar features of grandeur and beauty, of loveliness and terror. The road follows the Fraser River along its wild cañon for several hours. Nowhere else is such a sight or such a series of sights to be witnessed the mighty river rushing with headlong haste, and bearing on its seething bosom all the wreckage borne by the swollen torrents from the impending cliffs overhead; the train winding its way into tunnels, out of tunnels, along the face of the solid rock, over bridges that span nameless 'cataracts. Even in midsummer the Fraser is full-flooded, angry, furious; and it seems a wonderful achievement of human science to wrest from its banks a safe highway for the "iron horse."

The terminus on the Pacific Coast is Vancouver City, which has sprung into existence in consequence of the building of the railway. Its population is now 20,000, and is growing rapidly. Here the tourist embarks on one of the splendid steamers provided by the Canadian Pacific Railway for travel and trade across the Pacific Ocean. The steamers call at Victoria, the handsome capital of British Columbia. This city, of about 30,000 inhabitants, is on Vancouver Island, and is sixty miles distant from Vancouver City. Near Victoria is the town of Esquimalt, where there is a large dry dock, and where the British Pacific squadron usually makes its headquarters. From Vancouver to Yokohama, the chief commercial city of Japan, it is now a sail of ten days. From Japan to Shanghai, in China, a distance of 1,047 miles, is the next stage of the journey. From this port the steamer proceeds to Hong-Kong, where the Canadian Pacific Company hand over their tourists to the Peninsular and Oriental Company. The next stage in the voyage is Singapore, about five days from Hong-Kong. Then come Penang and Ceylon, Calcutta and Bombay. The Arabian Sea is crossed to Aden, through the Red Sea, through the Suez Canal, across the Mediterranean to Brindisi or Trieste, overland through Italy and France, and across the Strait of Dover to England; or by water through the Strait of Gibraltar, and up through the Atlantic to some British port. The

tour may, of course, be prolonged indefinitely for rest, for pleasure, for business, or for study. Attractions abound on every hand. Happily, the modern "grand tour" is becoming more popular and more practicable every passing year.4

acces'sible, can be ap- el'evators, buildings for majestic, grand.

proached.

achievement, exploit.
advantageous, profitable.
alter'nately, by turns.
av'alanches, falling masses
of snow and ice.
can'on (canyon), deep gorge
made by a rapid river.
cat'aract, waterfall.
circumstances, surround-
ings.

commer'cial, trading.
contribute, aid.
double, sail round.
dry dock, artificial basin in
which ships are repaired.

storage of grain.
energetically, actively.
enormous, vast.
essen'tial, necessary.
finan'cial, relating to money.
gla'ciers, fields of ice on
mountains; ice rivers.
half-breeds, descendants
from white fathers and
Indian mothers.
hus'bandman, farmer.
imagina'tion, fancy.
in'dustry, labour.
ines'timable, very valuable.
junc'tions, points where
railways meet.

1 The Canadian Pacific Railway extends from St. John, New Brunswick, to Vancouver City, a distance of 3,387 miles. Its trains run over the Intercolonial Railway from Halifax to St. John, making the route across the continent 3,662 miles.

2 The Intercolonial Railway connects Halifax and St. John with Quebec. The road now extends eastward to Sydney, Cape Breton. It is one of the best roads in America, and cost the country $17,000,000, or £9,400,000 sterling. It includes 1,166 miles of railway: with the Prince Edward Island road, the total mileage is 1,377.

3 The passes through which the Canadian Pacific Railway reaches the Pacific are very much lower than those through

which any other railway has crossed the mountain barriers. At the same time the scenery is much finer. The Canadian Pacific Railway has no great American desert" to traverse, as is the case with other transcontinental lines. Instead of sandy wastes there are fertile prairies.

QUESTIONS.-How must a voyage round the world be made? How long does it usually occupy? By what route may the journey be made in sixty days of continuous travel? Where does the tourist begin his journey? At what city in Canada does he arrive in winter? What city is first reached by the St. Lawrence route in summer? Arriving at Halifax, what is the next maritime city reached? How far is Montreal from Halifax? From St. John? What rivers surround Montreal? On what river is the city of Ottawa built? What notable buildings are in Ottawa? What metals are found in large quantity along the railway route from Ottawa to Lake Superior? What towns are built near Thunder Bay? What business gives chief employment to the railway and to steamers at this point? What is the chief city in Manitoba ? What rivers unite their waters here? What is the principal industry in the province of Manitoba and in the North-West? Through what mountain range does the railway pass? What famous cañon does the road traverse? At what city does the tourist take a steamer in order to cross the Pacific? Name the ports the tourist must visit before arriving at London. Give the principal distances. (See Note 4.)