STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
CONTENTS.

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTET, ABEA, CLIMATE, AND

CHIEF STAPLES—

Abka And BOUNDARIES 1

Rivers 2

Mountains .» ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3

Plains 4

Lakes 4

Climate— .

Temperature 4

Humidity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6

Kainfall 7

The monsoons 8

Atmospheric pressure 9

. Storms ... ... 9

Cyclones 10

Chief Staples—Food-grains—

Rice 10

Food-grains in Bebar ... 19

Murwa—kodo 19

Barley 13

Maize 13

Cbeena and kaon 13

Dal „ 13

Vegetables 13

Condiments 14

Pin 14

Supari ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 15

Fruits 16

Commercial Staples—

Jute 15

Sunn-hemp ... 16

Dhunecha 17

Gunjab, or hemp ... 17

Musbina, flax or linseed ... 17

Oil-seeds 17

Cotton 18

Date sugar 19

Sugarcane 19

Tobacco 19

Tea 20

Indigo 21

Opium 24

Bilk 26

Lac ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... • 25

Lac-dye ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 26

■ Shellac 28

Safflower 26

India-rubber 26

Saltpetre 27

Cinchona ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• 27

Ipecacuanha 27
ii

Paos

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE COUNTRY, AREA, CLIMATE, AND

CHIEF 8TA.PLES-(Co»tmued.)

HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF BENGAL—

E.MII.V P098K8SIONS OP THE BEITISn IN BENGAL—

Calcutta and adjacent villages, 1698 39

2l-Pergunnahs ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 39

Bnrdwan, Midnapore, and Chittagong, 1760 40

Grant of Dewany, 1705, August 12th 40

Mb. Hastings—

Supervisors, 1769 40

Supervisors designated Collectors, 1772 41

Collectors preside over Civil and Revenue Courts 41

Native Criminal Courts 41

Sudder Court •■ 41

Collectors withdrawn 42

Provincial Revenue Councils established, 1774 42

Ditto Civil Judges established independent of Revenue Courts, 1780 ... 43

Revenue Councils abolished, Collectorships reinstated, 1781 ... 42

Civil Judges vested with executive magisterial powers, 1781 42

LoBD CORNWALL'S—

Union of the offices of Collector, Civil Judge, and Magistrate, 1786 43

Separation of District Offices; Civil Judge and Magistrate remaiu united;

Collector separated, 1793 44

Native Civil Judges, Moonsiffs, 1793 44

Four Provincial Courts of Circuit and Appeal ... ... ... ... ... 44

Changes in the constitution of the Sudder Court 46

The Supreme Coubt, 1774 4o

The Hion Coubt Established, 1862 46

Board of Commissioners in the Upper Provinces, 1807 ... 46

Board of Commissioners in Behar and Benaies, 1817 46

Board of Revenue for the Lower Provinces, 1822 ... ... ... ... 47

Ditto ditto Central Provinces 47

Ditto ditto Western Provinces 47

Superiutendent of Police „ 47

Lord William Bentinok—

Provincial Courts abolished, and Commissioners of Revenue and Circuit

appointed, 1829 48

Civil Judges vested with Sessions powers, 1831-1835 <8

Ditto divested of Magisterial powers; union of Magistrate and

Collector, 1831 49

Native Civil Judges 49

Further change of the Sub-Executive Service, 1843 ... 50

Separation of the offices of Magistrate and Collector, 1837 50

Reunion of Magistrate nnd Collector, 1869 ... ... 60

Independent Joint-Magistracies abolished 51

Present grade of Joint-Magistrates ... ... ... 61
iii

Pack.

HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF

BENGAL— (Cmtin* erf.)

Bengal Police Act, 1861 „. 61

Modification of grades of Magistrate and Collector 62

Non-kboulation Peovinces 62

Tub Goyeexment Of Bengal .. 58

CONSTITUTION, ORIGIN, AND EXTENT OF THE IiiEUTESAnt-governor's AUTHOBITT 69

FORM OF ADMINISTRATION—

Administrative System—Regulation And Non-regulation Districts ... 61

Covenanted And Uxcovenanted Clvil Sbbvice 63

Executive Administration 65

Legislative Authority 66

Revenue Administration 67

Marine Ditto 67

Department Public Works, Irrigation, Railways 67

Other Dbfabtmbntb ^68

Judicial Oeoanization 68

Criminal Administrates 68

Ciyil Ditto 60

Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction OS)

CHARACTER OF LAND TENURES ; SYSTEM OF SETTLEMENT AND SURVEY—

Land System Of Bengal And Debar—

Development of Government revenue 71

Increase of revenue in Behar ... ... 76

Realization of permanently settled revenne 76

Record of rights 77

Registration of estates 77

Canoongoea and putwariea 77

Security of the revenue 7S

Wards' estates 78

Subordinate tenures 79

Rent nf under-tenurea ... 80

Wastelands 81

Special Account Of Obissa 82

Special Account Of Assam 84

System Of Settlement—

Amount of temporarily-settled revenue 84

Settlements 86

Direct management 86

System Of Survey—

Demarcation survey 86

Professional or village survey 87

Surveys and settlements of new alluvial lands 89

CIVIL DIVISIONS OF BRITISH TERRITORY—

Commissionbrships 90

Districts And Sub Divisions 90

Prbgunnahs 92

Thannahs 93

Outposts 93

Tehsildab Divisions Latbly Established 93

Mouzahs In Assam _ 93

Canoongoe's Divisions In Obissa 93

Municipalities 93

Townships 93

Unions • ... 91

Villages 94

DETAILS OF THE LAST CENSUS—TRIBES AND LANGUAGE—

The Census Of 1871-72—

Previous estimates of the population 95

Manner of taking the Census, and agency employed 90

No opposition 98

General accuracy of the Census . 98