the directory for ordination, and rules for examination, which rules are set down in this ordinance of the directory.-Dr. Pocock, the learned orientalist and traveller, was called before these triars some time after, as Dr. Twells observes in his Life, for an insufficiency of learning, and after a long attendance was dismissed. This is confirmed by Dr. Owen, in a letter to Secretary Thurlow. "One thing," says he, "I must needs trouble you with: there are in Berkshire some men of mean quality and condition, rash, heady, enemies of tythes, who are the commissioners for ejecting of ministers: they alone sit and act, and are at this time casting out, on very slight and trivial pretences, very worthy men; one in special they intend next week to eject, whose name is Pocock, a man of as unblemished a conversation as any that I know living; of repute for learning throughout the world, being the professor of Hebrew and Arabic in our university; so that they exceedingly exasperate all men, and provoke them to the height." Dr. South, in one of his sermons, says, "That they were most properly called Cromwell's Inquisition; and that they would pretend to know men's hearts, and inward bent of their spirits (as their word was) by their very looks: but the truth is, as the chief pretence of these triers was to enquire into men's gifts, so if they found them to be well gifted in the hand, they never looked any further; for a full and free hand was with them an abundant demonstration of a gracious heart, a word in great request in those times."

V. 1155. To find in lines of beard and face.] Dr. Echard says, “Then it was that they would scarce let a round-faced man go to heaven. If he had but a little blood in his cheeks, his condition was accounted very dangerous; and it was almost an infallible sign of reprobation: and I will assure you, a very honest man, of a sanguine complexion, if he chanced to come nigh an officious zealot's house, might be set in the stocks, only for looking fresh in a frosty morning." And Walker, in his History of Independency, observes of them, "That in those days there was a close inquisition of godly cut-throats, which used so much foul play, as to accuse men upon the character of their clothes and persons." V. 1156. The physiognomy of grace.] These triers pretended to great skill in this respect; and if they disliked the beard or face of a man, they would for that reason alone refuse to admit him,

unless he had some powerful friend to support him. The questions that these men put to the persons to be examined, were not respecting abilities and learning, but grace in their hearts, and that with so bold and scrutinizing an inquisition, that some men's spirits trembled at their interrogatories; they phrasing it so as if (as was said at the Council of Trent) they had the Holy Ghost in a cloak-bag. Their questions generally were these, (or such like,) "When were you converted? Where did you begin to feel the motions of the spirit? In what year? In what month? In what day? In what hour of the day had you the secret call, or motion of the spirit to undertake and labour in the ministry? What work of grace has God wrought upon your soul?" And a great many other questions about regeneration, predestination, and the like. Let any one look into the writings of the modern sectaries, particularly into accounts of the conversion of any of their eminent members, and they will be astonished at the close analogy which exists between them and their great precursors, the Puritans, in the time of the civil war.

V. 1161. By black caps underlaid with white.] George Fox, the quaker, observes in his Journal, "That the priests in those times had on their heads two caps, one of black, and a white one." And Petyt, speaking of their preachers, Visions of the Reformation, says, "The white border upon his black cap made him look like a black-jack tipped with silver." In a satire against Hypocrites is the following passage:

"Now what a whetstone was it to devotion,

To see the pace, the look, and ev'ry motion

O' th' Sunday Levite, when up stairs he march’d;
And first, behold his little band stiff starch'd,
Two caps he had, and turns up that within,

You'd think he were a black pot tip'd with tin."

V. 1163. Which serjeants at the gospel wear.] Alluding to the coif which the serjeants at law wear.

V. 1166. Canonical cravat of Smec.] Smectymnus was a club of five parliamentary holders-forth, the characters of whose names and talents were by themselves expressed in that senseless and insignificant word: they wore handkerchiefs about their necks for a mark of distinction, (as the officers of the Parliament army then

did), which afterwards degenerated into cravats. About the beginning of the Long Parliament, in the year 1641, these five wrote a book against episcopacy and the common prayer, to which they all subscribed their names, being Stephen Marshal, Edmund Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcommon, William Spurstow, and from thence they and their followers were called Smectymnuans.

V. 1183. For they, poor knaves, were glad to cheat.] Overton, in his Arraignment of Persecution, says, "The great gorbellied idol, called the Assembly of Divines, is not ashamed, in this time of state necessity, to guzzle down and devour daily more at an ordinary meal than would make a feast for Bell and the Dragon; for, besides their fat benefices forsooth, they must have their four shillings a day for sitting in constollidation."

V. 1191. When butchers were the only clerks] This is an allusion to the heathen priesthood, who, when sacrifices of beasts were offered to the deities, officiated at the altars, and slaughtered the victims.

V. 1203-4. A commonwealth of popery,

6

Where every villiage is a see.] The resemblance of the Papists and Presbyterians, under the names of Peter and Jack, is humorously set forth by the author of the Tale of a Tub: "It was," said he, " among the great misfortunes of Jack, to bear a huge personal resemblance with his brother Peter; their humour and disposition was not only the same, but there was a close analogy in their shapes, their sizes, and their mien; insomuch, that nothing was more frequent than for a bailiff to seize Jack by the shoulder, and to cry, Mr. Peter, you are the king's prisoner;' or at other times for one of Peter's nearest friends to accost Jack, with open arms, Dear Peter, I am glad to see thee, pray send me one of your best medicines for the worms.'"-Overton says, "To subject ourselves to an assembly, raze out episcopacy, and set up Presbyterian prelacy, what is more prelatical than such presumption? You have so played the Jesuits, that, it seems, we have only put down the men, not the function; caught the shadow, and let go the substance."

A long-winded Lay Lecture, printed 1647, says,
"For whereas but a few of them did flourish,
Now here's a bishop o'er every parish:

Those bishops did by proxy exercise,

These by their elders rule, and their own eyes."

And in the poem entitled "Sir John Birkenhead revived,"

"The pox, the plague, and each disease

Are cur'd, though they invade us;

But never look for health nor peace,
If once Presbytery jade us.
When every priest becomes a pope,
When tinkers and sow-gelders

May, if they can but 'scape the rope,
Be princes and lay-elders."

Likewise in Cowley's Puritan and Papist:

"Nay, all your preachers, women, boys and men,
From Master Calamy to Mrs. Ven,

Are perfect popes in their own parish grown;
For, to undo the story of Pope Joan,

Your women preach too, and are like to be,
The whore of Babylon as much as she."

V. 1208. Commands the key for cheese and bacon.] "It is well known," says Dr. Grey, “what influence dissenting teachers of all sects and denominations have had over the purses of the female part of their flocks; though few of them, (continues he,) have been masters of Daniel Burgess's address, who, dining or supping with a gentlewoman of his congregation, and a large uncut Cheshire cheese being brought upon the table, asked, where he should cut it? she replied, where you please, Mr. Burgess; upon which he gave it to a servant in waiting, bid him carry it to his house, and he would cut it at home."

Mr. Selden, in his story of the Keeper of the Clink Prison, makes this observation. "He had," says he, priests of all sorts sent unto him. As they came in, he asked them who they were. 'Who are you?' said he to the first, I am a priest of the church of Rome.'-'You are welcome,' says the keeper, there are those who will take care of you. And who are you? nister.'-'You are welcome too, I shall fare the better for you. And who are you?'—' A minister of the church of England.'—' Oh! God bless me,' quoth the keeper, 'I shall get nothing by you I am

A silenced mi

sure! yon may lie and starve, and rot, before any body will look

after you.'"

V. 1211-2. More haughty and severe in 's place

Than Gregory, &c.] Gregory VII., called Hildebrand, before his elevation to the pontifical dignity, was a Tuscan by nation, and the son of a smith. Whilst he was but a lad in his father's shop, and ignorant of letters, he by mere accident framed these words out of little bits of wood: "His dominion shall be from one sea to the other." This is told of him by Brietius, as a prognostic of his future greatness. In 1073, he was consecrated Pope. He was a man of a fierce and haughty spirit, governed by nothing but pride and ambition, the fury and scourge of the age he lived in, and the most insolent tyrant of the Christian world. All his thoughts were occupied with schemes for enlarging the power and dominions of the church, by the addition of sceptres and diadems; and in this respect he may be said to be the first Roman pontiff that ever made an attempt upon the rights of princes, however unsuccessfully his example was afterwards followed.

Ib. —or Boniface.] Boniface was elected Pope in the year 1294. His haughty behaviour to crowned heads was insupportable, for he arrogated to himself not only the supremacy in spirituals, but claimed the right of disposing of temporal kingdoms. This is plain from the claim he laid to Scotland, as appears from his letter sent to our King Edward I. He sent it to Robert Archbishop of Canterbury, obliging him, officio et beneficio, to deliver it to the king. It was said of this pope, that he crept into the papacy like a fox, ruled like a lion, and died like a dog.

upon pain of suspension ab

V. 1249-50. So cardinals, they say, do grope

At th' other end the new-made Pope.] This relates to the well known story of Pope Joan, who was called to the papal chair by the name of John VIII. Platina says she was of English extraction, but born at Mentz; who, having disguised herself like a man, travelled with her paramour to Athens, where she made such progress in learning, that, coming to Rome, she met with few that could equal her; so that, on the death of Pope Leo IV., she was chosen to succeed him; but being got with child by one of