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TAGORE LAW LECTURES-1874-75.

Tagore Law Lectures-1874-75.

THE LAW RELATING TO THE

LAND TENURES OF LOWER BENGAL

BY

ARTHUR PHILLIPS, M.A.,

LATE FELLOW OF ST. CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; BARRISTER-AT-LAW; AND
OFFICIATING STANDING COUNSEL TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

CALCUTTA:

THACKER, SPINK AND CO.,
Publishers to the Calcutta University.

BOMBAY THACKER, VINING & Co. MADRAS: HIGGINBOTHAM & Co.

LONDON

W. THACKER & Co.

1876.

IN

91685

Tx

T128

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED BY THACKER, SPINK & CO.

Rec Dec. 22, 1898

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Scope of the present subject-Nature of sources of information-Express Hindoo

law as to land-Menu does not show extent of rights in land-Obligation of

cultivator to cultivate-The king's share-The village as referred to in

Menu-The village as inferred from observation and analogy-Lord Met-

calfe's description of the village communities-Such communities found in

all parts of India-The village lands and homesteads-A self-governing cor-

poration-The development from the joint family-The lands at first held

in common but divided at an early period-Immigrants-Servile dependants

-Three classes of cultivators with interests in the land-Khoodkashts—

Their rights regulated by custom-In Southern India-Their right to occupy

so long as they cultivated and paid the customary revenue-The transfer-

ability of their rights—Rates paid by them—Paid a higher rate than other

cultivators formerly-Their privileges-The second class of cultivators-

Their rights in the land-What occupation sufficient-Less complete rights

than khoodkashts-Assessment upon them-The mere pyekashts-Rates paid

by them-Precarious nature of their rights-The village constitution-The

village officers-Mode of payment-The servile labourers of the village-The

headman-Partly elective and partly hereditary office-The State could dis-

miss-His functions-His emoluments-In Orissa villages-Dismissal-Mode

of assessment of revenue-Mode of payment-When headman refused to

agree to assessment-Headman not a farmer of the revenue- -But he and the

village responsible-Headman long recognised-The putwarry and canoongoe

-The zemindar-The chowdhry-The amount of the king's share-Pro-

prietary rights

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