Aahmes, 22, 46

Abaris, 87, 97 n. 3
Abdera, school of, 381

Abstinence, Orphic and Pythagorean,
102 sq., 104 sq.; Empedoklean,
289

Air, 77, 78, 79 n. 1, 120, 173, 214,
224, 263, 309, 336, 341, 411 sq.
See ἀήρ

Akousmata, 105 sq., 328

Akousmatics, 96, 103

Akragas, 228 sqq.

Akron, 231

Alexander Aetolus, 295
Alexander Aphrodisiensis, 139, 209
Alkidamas, 229 n. 1, 231 n. 5, 235,
297 n. 5, 321 n. 2, 360
Alkmaion, 123 n. 1, 223 sq., 236,
327, 344, 350
Amasis, 39
Ameinias, 193

Anaxagoras, 290 sqq.; and Perikles,

294 sqq.; and Euripides, 295;
relation to Ionic school, 292; and
Zeno, 362

Anaxagoreans, 35 n. 3, 415
Anaximander, 52 sqq.
Anaximenes, 75 sqq.; School of, 83,

292, 408 n. 2

Androkydes, 328

sqq.;

Andron of Ephesos, 93
Animals, Anaximander, 72
Empedokles, 279 sqq.; Anaxa-
goras, 315 sqq.; Diogenes of
Apollonia, 414
Antichthon, 344, 349 sqq.

Antonius Diogenes, 92

Apollo Hyperboreios, 93 n. 1, 97
n. 3, 232

Apollodoros, App. § 21, 43, 52, 75,

94 n. 2, 125, 143, 192 sq., 228 sq.,
290 sq., 358, 370
Apollonios of Tyana, 90, 92
Apophthegms, 51, 127
Archelaos, 415 sqq.

Archippos, 99, 319

Archytas, 110, 319, 328, 346
Aristarchos of Samos, 349
Aristeas of Prokonnesos, 87, 97 n. 3
Aristophanes, 75, 296 n. 4, 381, 408
Aristotle, App. § 2; on Egypt, 18,

23; on Thales, 47 sqq., 50; on
Anaximander, 57 sqq.; on Pytha-
goras, 93 n. 1, 100, 107 n. 3;
on Xenophanes, 137 sq., 139 sq.;
on Herakleitos, 160 n. 1, 162,
177. 179; on Parmenides, 193,
203, 207, 208, 213; on Alkmaion,
223; on Empedokles, 177 n. 2,
228 n. 3, 231 n. 4, 234, 237, 253
n. 2, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 271,
272, 274 n. 1, 278, 280, 281, 397
n. 2; on Anaxagoras, 263 n. 3,
291, 303, 305, 306, 309, 310; on
the Pythagoreans, 100 n. I, IIO,
III n. 1, 119, 331 sqq., 353 sqq. ;
on Zeno, 361, 365 sqq.; on Melissos,
374 sq., 377, 378; on Leukippos,
380, 385 sq., 387, 397 n. 1; on
Hippon, 49 n. 2, 406; on the galeus
levis, 74 n. 1; on the theoretic life,
90, 108; on the mysteries, 91
[Aristotle] de Mundo, 185
[Aristotle] de Plantis, 279 n. 2, 298
n. 2, 315

Aristoxenos on Pythagoras, 92, 94
n. 1, 95, 96 n. 2, 3, 98 sq., 102, 109
n. 2; on the Pythagoreans, 107,

319, 334, 353: Πυθαγορικαί ἀπο-
páσeis, 100 n. 2, 325; on Hippon,
406 n. 1; on Plato, 323 sqq.
Arithmetic, Egyptian, 22, III n. 2;
Pythagorean, 109 sq.
Arithmetical symbolism, 111
Astronomy, Babylonian and Greek,
25 sqq. See Heavenly bodies,
Sun, Moon, Planets, Stars, Earth,
Eclipses, Geocentric and Helio-
centric hypothesis

Atheism, 51, 75, 141
Athens, Parmenides and Zeno at,
192; Anaxagoras at, 294
Atomism. See Leukippos
Atoms, 387 sqq.

Egyptian mathematics, 24; on
Anaxagoras, 291, 381; primitive
astronomy of, 345, 392; and
Leukippos, 381

Diagonal and Square, 116
Dialectic, 361

Dikaiarchos on Pythagoras, 92, 96
n. 3, 100

Diogenes of Apollonia, 381, 407 sqq.
Divisibility, 304, 306, 362, 365, 376
Dodecahedron, 341 sqq.

Doric dialect, 325, 327 sq.

Earth, a sphere, 26; Thales, 47 sqq.;
Anaximander, 70, 72; Anaximenes,
80, 81, 83 n. 2; Xenophanes, 136;
Anaxagoras, 313; Pythagoreans,
344 sqq.; Leukippos, 401; Dio-
genes of Apollonia, 413
Echekrates, 343

Eclipses, Thales, 40 sqq.; Anaxi-
mander, 67; Anaximenes, 82;
Herakleitos, 164; Alkmaion, 224;
Empedokles, 276; Anaxagoras,
299; Pythagoreans, 349 sq.;
Leukippos, 401

Ecliptic. See Obliquity
Effluences. See ἀπορροαί

Egypt, 39: Thales in Egypt, 43;
Pythagoras and Egypt, 94 sq.
Egyptian arithmetic, 22 sq.; geo-
metry, 23 sq., 44 sq.
Ekphantos, 338 n. 1, 387 n. 2
Elea, era of, 125 n. 4, 127, 192
Eleatics (see Parmenides, Zeno,
Melissos), 35 n. 2; Leukippos and,
382 sqq.

Elements (see σroxeîa, Roots, Seeds,
ἰδέα, εἶδος, μορφή), 56 n. 1, 57,
59, 235, 263 sqq., 265 n. 3, 339
sqq.
Eleusinia, 86

Embryology, Parmenides, 203 n. 1;
Empedokles, 282

Empedokles, 227 sqq.; relation to

on

Leukippos, 236, 383, 392;
Xenophanes, 138, 246 n. 2; on
Pythagoras, 232, 259 n. I; on
Parmenides, 239, 261
Ephesos, 143 sqq.

Epicurus and Leukippos, 380 sq.,
388 n. 1, 391 n. 1, 394 sq.
Epimenides, 9, 87

Equinoxes, precession of, 25, 347

Pythagoras, 115 n. 3, 116 n. 2;
on Parmenides, 203 n. 2; on Zeno,
363, 366 n. 2; on the term
στοιχεῖον, 263 κ. Ι
Eudoxos, 118, 216, 342
Eukleides of Megara, 355
Euripides (fr. inc. 910), 12 n. I,

14 n. 2; and Anaxagoras, 295 sq.
Eurytos, 110 sq., 320, 322
Eusebios, 19
Euthymenes, 44

Even and Odd, 333 sqq.

Evolution, Anaximander, 73 sq.;
Empedokles, 281; Anaxagoras, 315
Examyes, 40

Experiment, 31 sq., 274

Figures, numerical, 110 sq., 337
Fire, 121, 160 sq., 215
Fire, central, 218, 344 sqq.
Forgeries, 46, 113 n. 1, 185
Fossils, 136

Galen, 234

Galeus levis, 74 n. 1

Geocentric hypothesis, 31, 123, 218
Geometry, Egyptian, 23 sq.; of
Thales, 45 sq.; of Pythagoras,
115 sq.

Glaukos of Rhegion, 228 n. 3
Gnomon (the instrument), 31 n., 53
Gnomon (in geometry and arith-
metic), 114 n. I

Gods, Thales, 50; Anaximander, 64,
74; Anaximenes, 82; Xenophanes,
140 sq.; Herakleitos, 188 sq.;
Empedokles, 264, 272, 288 sq.;
Diogenes of Apollonia, 410 n. I
Gorgias, 229 n. 1, 231, 234, 256
n. 1, 287 n. 5, 417
Great Year, 25, 175

Harmonics, 118

"Harmony of the Spheres," 122,
351. See appovia and Soul
Harpedonapts, 24, 116
Hearing, Empedokles, 285; Anaxa-
goras, 317

Heart, 235, 288 n. 3

Heavenly bodies, Anaximander, 66
sqq.; Anaximenes, 80, 81; Pytha-

Herakleides of Pontos, on Pythagoras,
104, 105, 108, 321 n. 2, 387
n. 2; on Empedokles, 228 n. 2, 3,
233 n. 3, 236 n. 5; heliocentric
hypothesis of, 349

Herakleiteans, 35 n. 1, 140, 417
Herakleitos, 143 sqq.; on Homer,
182, 185; on Pythagoras, 94, 107,
143; on Xenophanes, 143
Hermodoros, 143

Herodotos, on Homer and Hesiod,
81
on Egyptian influence, 17:
on geometry, 23; on Orphicism,
95 n. 1; on Solon, 28; on Lydian
influence, 38; on Thales, 38, 39,
40, 43 sq., 46; on Pythagoras,
93, 94 n. I, 95 n. 1, 2, 107
Hesiod, 6 sqq.
Hieron, 125

Hippasos, 103 n. 1, 117, 121, 156,
215, 341, 343, 354

Hippokrates, 235 n. 3, 405 n. 2,
411 n. 3; Περὶ ἀέρων ὑδάτων
τόπων, 79 κ. Ι

[Hippokrates] Περὶ διαίτης, 167 n. 2,
183 n. 1, 305 n. 6, 307 n. 1, 405

355
Kebes, Πίναξ, 194
Kratinos, 406

Kratylos, 417
Kritias, 288 n. 3

Kroton, 95 n. 4, 222
Kylon, 97 n. 2, 98

Lampsakos, 297, 415

Leukippos, 380 sqq.; and the
Eleatics, 382, 384 sqq.; and
Empedokles, 236, 383, 392; and
Anaxagoras, 383 sq., 392; and
the Pythagoreans, 387, 389, 392;
and Demokritos, 381, 389 sqq.,
401 n. 5

Light, Empedokles, 276. See Moon
Lightning and Thunder, 68, 70,
401 n. 5

Limit, 121, 215, 333 sqq.

Lives, the three, 108, 109 n. 1, 154

Parmenides, 192 sqq.; on Herak-
leitos, 143, 198 n. 4, 204 sq., 210;
and Pythagoreanism, 210 sqq.
Pausanias, 234 n. 3, 238
Pentagram, 343
Perception, Parmenides, 202 n. 2,
222; Alkmaion, 223 sq.; Empe-
dokles, 284 sq.; Anaxagoras,
316 sq.; Leukippos, 401 sq.;
Diogenes of Apollonia, 414

Perikles and Zeno, 193; and Anaxa-
goras, 294 sq.; and Melissos, 369
Petron, 65, 121

Pherekydes of Syros, 9, 87

Philistion, 234 n. 3, 235 n. 1 and 2,
266 n. 1, 288 n. 3, 356 n. 2
Philo of Byblos, 19 n. 3
Philo Judaeus, 18, 158, 185
Philodemos, 50 n. 4, 64, 221 %. I
Philolaos, 319, 320 sqq.
Philosophy as κáðaρois, 89; Pytha-
gorean use of the word, 89 sqq.,
194, 321 n. 2, 359; synonymous
with asceticism, 18

Phleious, 89 n. 2, 94 n. I, 109 я. I,
320

Phoenician influence, 18, 19 n. 3, 39
Physiology, Parmenides, 221 sq.;
Alkmaion, 223; Empedokles, 282;
Diogenes of Apollonia, 411
Pindar, 232

Planets, names of, 26 n. 1, 220;
distinguished from fixed stars, 26,
82, 276, 392, 401; motion of,
122 sq., 225, 350, 353; system
of, 344 sq.

Plants, Empedokles, 277 sq.;
Anaxagoras, 315 sq.

Plato, App. § 1; on Egyptians and

Phoenicians, 17, 20, 27 n. 1; on

Egyptian arithmetic, 22; on schools
of philosophy, 35; on Pythagoras,
96 n. 3; on Xenophanes, 140; on
Herakleitos, 140, 159, 162, 176,
178; on Herakleiteans, 161 n. 1,
188 n. I; on Parmenides, 192,
207, 221; on Empedokles, 159,
178, 269 n. 1; on Anaxagoras,
291 n. 6, 295, 297 sq., 309; on
Philolaos, 319; on Pythagoreans,
121, 124; on incommensurables,
117 n. 2; on Zeno, 192, 358, 360,
361; on Melissos, 379 n. 2; Phaedo,
89 n. 2, 91 n. 2, 108 n. 1, 109
n. 1, 172 n. 2, 182 n. 1, 320 sq.,
342, 343, 345, 354; Cratylus, 417
n. 3; Theaetetus, 117 n. 1, 263
n. I, 338 n. 1, 417 n. 3; Sophist,
356 n. 1, 358 n. 3; Politicus, 280
n. 1; Parmenides, 358 n. 2, 359,
360 sq.; Philebus, 323: Sym-
posium, 221, 281 n. 1; Phaedrus,
295; Gorgias, 321; Meno, 234
n. 4; Republic, 25 n. 2, 90 n. 2,
177 n. 1, 216, 219 sq., 352;
Timaeus, 61 n. 1, 79 n. 1, 113
n. 3, 118 n. I, 121, 122, 225,
287, 340, 342, 345 n. 1, 346, 352,
396; Laws, 107 n. 4,
353

117 n. 2,

Pleasure and pain, Empedokles, 285;
Anaxagoras, 317

Pliny, 42, 52

Pluralism, 227 sqq., 357

Political activity of philosophers,
Thales, 46; Pythagoras, 96 sq.;
Parmenides, 195; Empedokles,
230 sq.; Zeno, 358
Polybios, 99 n. I

Polybos, 379

Polykrates, era of, 53 n. 3, 94
Pores. See πόροι

Porphyry, 92 n. 3, 104 n. 1, 257

Religion, 85 sqq., 189, 294. See
Orphicism, Monotheism, Gods,
Sacrifice

Respiration, 235, 253 n. 2, 284
Rest. See Motion

Revolution, diurnal, 61, 274, 346 sq.
Rhegion, 99, 220 n. 3, 319
Rhetoric, 86, 234

Rhind papyrus, 22 sqq.
Roots, 263

Sacrifice, mystic, 104 n. 2; bloodless,
258 n. 4
Salmoxis, 93

Sanchuniathon, 19 n. 3

Sardeis, era of, 43 n. 1, 53, 75
Schools, 33 sqq., 293

Sea, Anaximander, 66, 70 sq.; Em-
pedokles, 277; Anaxagoras, 313;
Diogenes of Apollonia, 413
Seeds, 306
Seqt, 23, 46

Seven Wise Men, 39, 46, 51
Sight, Alkmaion, 224; Empedokles,
284, 287 sq.; Anaxagoras, 316
Silloi, 129

Sleep, Herakleitos, 169 sq.; Empe-
dokles, 283

Smell, Empedokles, 285; Anaxa-
goras, 316

Sokrates, Parmenides and Zeno, 192

sq., 358; and Archelaos, 415
Solids, regular, 328 sq., 340

Solon. See Croesus

Soul, 86, 91, 168, 225, 343, 414
Space, 204, 207, 366, 389
Speusippos, 113 n. 2; on Parmenides,
195; on Pythagorean numbers,
321, 336 n. 3

Sphere, Parmenides, 207 sq.; Empe-
dokles, 262. See Earth, Eudoxos,
Harmony

Stars, fixed, 68, 80

Stoics, App. § 3, 157, 179 sq.
Strabo, 19 n. 3, 194, 195 n. 2
Strife, Herakleitos, 184; Empedokles,

266 sqq.

Sun, Anaximander, 68; Anaximenes,
80; Xenophanes, 134 sq.; Hera-
kleitos, 165 sq., 174; Empedokles,
274 sq., 347 sq.; Anaxagoras, 314

Taras, 97 n. 2, 319

Taste, Empedokles, 285; Anaxagoras,
316

Tetraktys, 113 sqq.
Thales, 39 sqq.
Theaitetos, 117, 329

Theano, 353