prelate in every parish, more imperious, more cruel, and inore ignorant, than the very worst of Laud's bishops:→ However, throughout the whole usurpation, the Presbyterian was the established religion to all intents and purposes.

P. 586. "Deserted the House of Commons," &c.-When a man is listed into a party, you may always know him by his badge. Speaking of those who left the House of Commons and retired to the King, NEAL always uses the party-word deserted, which implies the betraying their trust. So indeed the Parliament called it; but an historian's using it is taking for granted the thing in dispute; namely, whether leaving the House at this time, and going to the King, was betraying their trust or preserving their allegiance. I consider the author here, (as you see, by the defence of himself in his Review, he would be considered, nay complains of his adversary for not considering them, that is to say) as an historian, not as a Puritan. See p. 5. of the Review.

P. 588." Massacre of Ireland."-What sense is there in this comparison, if you do not suppose the author to insinuate, that in the civil war in England, as in the massacre of Ireland, all the Protestant blood was shed on one side, and unjustly and cruelly? and what honesty is there in the comparison, if you do?

P. 596. "Parliament had the better men?"-To all these testimonies I think it sufficient to oppose that of Oliver Cromwell, in his speech to his Parliament, who speaks of it to them by way of appeal as a thing they very well knew, That the Presbyterian armies of the Parliament, before the self-denying ordinance, were chiefly made up of decayed serving-men, broken tapsters, and men without any sense of religion: and that it was his business to inspire that spirit of religion into his troops on the reform, to oppose to the principles of honour in the King's troops, made up of gentlemen. And Oliver was a man who understood what he said, and knew what he did it is true, fanaticism was called religion by Oliver, just as cant is called religion by our historian.

P. 597. "Great scarcity of preachers of a learned education."-This sure is no compliment to the

good

good old cause, to have the learned against it. But, to make amends, for want of acquired knowledge, they abounded in inspired.

P. 600. "Comparing the learning of the Puritan Divines," &c.--Our historian had owned just before, p. 597, that there were but few among them of a learned education. He had better have stuck to his word. Selden, Lightfoot, Cudworth, Pococke, Whichcot, &c. can with no propriety be called of the party: the most that can be said of them is, that they submitted to the power.

P. 615. "In which the kingdom is inflamed."-I believe all parties are agreed that if a mistaken King, of good faith, had made that full reparation for his misconduct, which Charles the First did, before the having recourse to arms, the Parliament ought to have acquiesced in peace with what they had got for the people. But Charles was a man of ill faith; and thence another question arises, Whether he was to be trusted? But here we must begin to distinguish. It was one thing, whether those particulars, who had personally offended the King, in the manner by which they extorted this amends from him; and another, whether the public, on all the principles of civil government, ought not to have sate down satisfied. I think particulars could not safely take his word; and that the public could not honestly refuse it. You will say, then, the leaders in Parliament were justified in their mistrust. Here, again, we must distinguish. Had they been private men only, we should not dispute it. But they bore another character; they were representatives of the public, and should therefore have acted in that capacity.

VOL. III. 8vo. London, 1736.

REVIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL FACTS IN THE

FIRST VOLUME.'

P. 5. "Dress up Mr. Neal in the habit of as Puritan."--An atrocious injury, without doubt! "Mr. Neal is only an historian. It puts one in mind of the

trumpeter,

trumpeter, who, being seized by his enemy in the rout of his own party, cried out for mercy, as being only a trumpeter. The more rogue you, cried the honest veteran, who set other people together by the ears, and will not fight yourself!

Appendix, p. 83. "With writers of these times." The Author of the Vindication having been a Dis

senter.

Pref. to 3d Vol. p. vii." This obscure clergyman." This is a very just reproof.

66

Ch. ii. p. 62. More decency and respect."-Without doubt he would.-He had infinitely more esteem for the learning of the Episcopal clergy, though perhaps no more love for their persons.

P. 8o. "Religious part of the nation."―i. e. the Puritan, for puritanism and religion are convertible terms with this historian.

Ibid. "Though it appears."-Why for this very reason it was not to be justified, because it was a force upon the conscience of these Episcopal Divines of greatest figure.

P. 93. "From Geneva."-Deodati, the Prince of Divinity there, returned a very temperate answer, no way inconsistent with the re-establishment of Episcopacy. W. Hayes, MS. in Library, N° 28, M. G. Glass.

P. 102. The interest of Dr. Cheynel."Cheynel's villanous book, wherein he gives an account of his treatment of Chillingworth, is yet extant; and it confirins Lord Clarendon's accusation. Locke read it, and speaks of it in the harshest terms, but not more severely than it deserves.

I

Ch. iii. p. 107. "Base and mutinous motion." There is no circumstance that bears harder on the King's conduct than this. It is not to be conceived that these men, who hazarded all to support the King's right, could advise him to any thing base in a mutinous manner. doubt therefore that this is too strong a proof that nothing less than arbitrary government would heartily satisfyhim. Ch. iv. p. 164. "Not inconsistent with public peace."What is not the declaiming against human

literature,

literature, crying down magistracy, talking of a fifthmonarchy, inconsistent with the public peace?

P. 166. "My wishes are."-It is apparent, from many circumstances in the young man's conduct, that he had his eye upon the crown, matters being gone too far for the King and Parliament ever to agree.

Ch. v. p. 247. "More a man of business than letters."Just the contrary. He did not understand bisiness at all, as fully appears from the historian's accouift of his civil administration, and was a great master of religious controversy.

P. 253. "Admirable argument to induce the Prince to put the sword into the King's hands.”This is a foolish declamation. The subject here was Ireland, not the militia. The King is charged with breaking his promise to leave the Irish war to the Parliament. His answer is to this effect,, and I think very pertinent "It is true, I made this promise, but it was when the Parliament was my friend, not, my enemy.

They might be then intrusted with my quarrel; but it "would be madness to think they now can. To prevent "therefore their making a treaty with the Irish, and în "their distresses bringing over the troops against me, I "have treated with thein, and have brought, over the troops against them.". This was speaking like a wise and able. Prince.

P. 258. Episcopacy jure divino."-The Marquis of Hertford seems to have read Hooker to more advan tage; than the King his master; who fancied that great man contended for the jus divinum of Episcopacy in his E. P, in which he has been followed by many Divines since.

P. 263. "Were not these reasonable requests." The historian mistakes Lord Clarendon, who is not here telling us, what the Parliament were able, but only what they were willing to do. Their hands were tice, not by the Scotch Covenant, but by the Scotch assistauce, which they could not keep without adhering to the Covenant.

P. 265. “His Majesty's senile attachment to her imperious dictates."-Never was the observation, of

the

the King's unhappy attachment, made in a worse place. His honour required him not to give up his friends; and his religion, viz. the true principles of Christianity, to take off the penal laws from peaceable Papists'; and common humanity called upon him to favour those who had served him at the hazard of their lives and fortunes.

P. 266. "The Earl by his Majesty's commission yielded," &c.-The Earl exceeded his commission, which is known to every body.

Ch. vi. p. 270. "Taking themselves to an easier and quieter life."I don't know what any one could say worse of these pretended ministers of Christ, the Puritans, than what is here confessed. They set out in the office of trumpeters of rebellion, being chaplains to the regiments of Essex's army. As soon as they had gained their end, which was dispossessing the Episcopal beneficed clergy, they nested themselves in their warm parsonages, and left the Parliament soldiers a prey to those they themselves most hated, the independent fanatic lay-preachers.

sion.

Ch. vii. p. 360. An unjust and malicious asperhistorian, before he said this, should have seen whether he could answer these two questions in the affirmative.--Would the English have paid the arrears without the person of the King?-Would the Scots have given up the King, if they could have had the arrears "without?

Ch. viii. p. 408.. "Not only abandoned and renounced these senile doctrines, but have," &c.-To know whether the Presbyterians have indeed abandoned their persecuting principles, we should see them under an establishment. It is no wonder that a tolerated sect should espouse those principles of Christian liberty, which support their toleration. Now the Scotish Presbyterians are established, and we find they still adhere to the old principle of intolerance.

Ch. x. p. 493

"Selden."-What has Selden here to do with Ministers, Puritans, and Persecutors?

P. 495. "Keep a weekly fast."-1hese were glorious Saints, that fought and preached for the King's destruction; and then fasted and prayed for his preserVOL. XII.

D D

vation,