Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, i. 444, 451, 462, 475.
Abbots, reason of their sitting in par-
liament, i. 174; mitred, removed
from the House of Lords, 334.
Abercrombie, Sir Ralph, ii. 289.
Aberdeen, University of, focus of pres-
byterianism, i. 505.
Abhorrers, the, ii. 45.
Abjuration oath (13 Gul. III. c. 6),
ii. 127; renewed by Anne (1 Ann.
c. 2), 139.
Absolution, the priestly, i. 346.
Accursi, Francesco, i. 181.
Acre, taken by Richard I., i. 112.
Act of Oblivion passed (1652), i. 590.
Adams, Samuel, ii. 206, 207, 212.
Addington, Henry, first Viscount Sid-
mouth, takes office, ii. 248 et sq.;
makes war on France, 302.
Adela, Countess of Blois, effects a
reconciliation between Henry I. and
Anselm, i. 65.
Adjutators, i. 559.
Adrian IV., Pope, grants the king of
England dominion of Ireland, i. 99. |
Adventurers, how they were paid, i.
583.
Adwalton Moor, battle of, i. 541.
Affinity, degrees of, i. 318, 319, 320.
Aghrim, battle of, ii. 97.
Agincourt, battle of, i. 259, 280.
Agreement of the people, Ireton's, i.
574, 605.
of the Marquis of Argyle, ii. 8; de-
feats the Dutch, 32; his vice-regency
in Scotland, 625; defeats Lambert,
647.
Alberoni, Giulio, ii. 165.
Albigenses, extermination of, i. 442.
Albini, William d', i. 140, 141.
Alcuin i. 22.
Alderman, the, in Saxon times, i. 9.
Alençon, Francis, Duke of, i. 383.
Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, i. 72.
Alexander III., Pope, i. 86.
Alexander II., king of Scotland, sides
with the barons, i. 141.
Alexander III., king of Scotland, i.
Alexander I. of Russia, ii. 311.
Alexander IV., Pope, wrings money
from English clergy, i. 155; releases
Henry IV. from the provisions of
Oxford, i. 159.
Alexander VI., Pope, i. 280, 287, 313.
Alexander, the mason, i. 126.
Alfred, King, i. 12.
Almains, i. 282.
Alphonso X. the wise, i. 181.
Altar, changed to the communion
table, i. 346.
Althorp, John Charles Spencer, Vis-
count, and third Earl Spencer, ii.
341, 355.
Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo,
Duke of, i. 377, 388.
America, war with (1812), ii. 307 et sq.
American revolution, compared with
the civil war (1642-1649), i. 599.
Amiens, peace of, ii. 300.
Anabaptists, persecuted by Henry
VIII., i. 318. 348, 377, 395, 476, 545.
Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Win-
Aids, fendal (temp. William II.) i. 45. chester, i. 439, 451.
Albemarle, George Monck, first Duke Angles, emigration of, i. 3.
of, his conduct compared with that | Anglesey, i. 189.
Agriculture, change from, into sheep-
farming, effect of, i. 352, 353.
Aidan, i. 7.
refuses to consecrate Henry's ap-
pointees to bishoprics, 63; sets out
for Rome, 64; betakes himself again
to Lyons, 65; goes to Normandy,
ib.; returns to England, 65; his tri-
umphant reception, ib.; a compro-
mise effected, 66; devotes himself
to ruling his church, 66; his charac-
ter as painted by his biographer,
ib.; holds a reforming synod, ib.,
425.
Anne, Queen, of England, brought up
a Protestant, ii. 43; her character,
128, 129; characteristics of her age,
ii. 128.
Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II., Anson, George, Lord Anson, ii. 184.
dies, i. 241.
Anti-Catholic Association, ii. 230.
Anne of Brittany, wife of Louis XII. Anti-corn law league, the, ii. 371.
of France, i. 408.
Anne of Cleves, married to Henry Anti-Sabbatarians, i. 545.
VIII., i. 338.
Anne of Denmark, wife of James I.
of England, secretly inclined to
Rome, i. 440.
Anne, wife of Prince George of Den-
mark, sides with William III., ii. 77.
Annexation of Canada to the United
States mooted, ii. 401.
Anti-Scripturists, i. 545.
Anti-Trinitarians, i. 545.
Apostolical succession, i. 373.
Aquinas, St. Thomas, quoted by For-
tescue, i. 277, 279, 425.
Arabella Stuart, Lady, i. 453.
"Areopagitica," the, makes an era,
i. 577.
Annual Indemnity Act, the (Geo. II. Archbishop of Canterbury, represent-
ative of the papal power (temp.
William I. ), i. 32.
Archbishops, struggles between, i. 86.
Archers, the British, i. 216.
Archery, British, i. 248.
Architecture, Scotch, i. 409; ecclesi-
astical, 287; Gothic, giving way to
Grecian, 279.
Argyle, Archibald Campbell, first
Marquis and eighth Earl of, leader
of Scottish rebellion against Charles
I., i. 499, 527; defeated by Montrose,
550; execution of, ii. 8; his conduct
defended, ib., 585.
Anselm, his character, i. 48; his birth
and early life, ib.; enters the Abbey
of Bec, ib.; as theologian, ib.; as
educator, ib.; as a spiritual director,
49; visits England, ib.; is nominated
Archbishop of Canterbury, ib.; con-
secrated and enthroned, 50; offers
the king £500, ib.; endeavours to
curb the effeminacy of the nobles,
51; prays the king for a restoration
of religion, ib.; asks leave to go to
Rome, ib., 54; before the Grand
Council at Rockingham Castle, 52;
contributes £200 towards the loan to
Robert of Normandy, 54; before the
second Grand Council, 55; leaves
for Rome, ib.; is received by the
pope, ib.; attends the Council of
Bari, ib.; his attitude towards Will-
iam during his exile, 56; retires to
Lyons, ib.; recalled by Henry I., 58;
sides with Henry against Robert, 61; Aristotle, quoted by Fortescue, i. 277.
refuses to do homage to Henry, 61, Arkwright, Sir Richard, ii. 255.
62; his quarrel with Henry referred | Arlington, Henry Bennett, Lord, mem-
to the pope, 62; then to the great ber of the cabal, ii. 27, 30.
council, 63; again to the pope, ib.; | Armada, the, i. 377; sails, 386; im-
Argyle families, the, i. 410.
Argyle, the Earl of (McCallum More),
ii. 93.
Aristocracy, the (temp. William I.),
i. 28; a guardian of liberty, 38; in
the baronial "army of God," char-
acter of, 131; (temp. George I.),
ii. 161.
portance of its defeat, 390; its defeat | Ascham, Anthony, assassinated, i. 578.
and flight, ib.; share taken by the Ashburnham, John, i. 564.
Dutch allies, ib.; a convoy for Ashley-Cooper, Anthony. See Shaftes-
Parma's army, ib., 415.
bury, Earl of.
Arminianism, i. 428 et sq.; the Com- Aspern, campaign of, ii. 309
mons denounce, 482, 500.
Armorial bearings, i. 29.
Assaye, battle of, ii. 421.
Assemblies, local, i. 175.
Army of God and Holy Church, i. Assembly of divines (at Westminster)
Army, standing, absence of, under the
Tudors, i. 296, 297; reason of this,
297, 306; introduced, 356.
Army, the, in Saxon times, i. 10; the
Norman, how levied, 25; composi-
tion of (temp. Edward III.), 217, 218;
command of, restored to the king
(Charles II.) (13 Car. II. st. 1, c.
6), ii. 10, 11.
Army, the parliamentary
(temp.
Charles I.), remodelled, i. 550. See
also New Model, the.
Arnold, Benedict, ii. 216.
Arnold, Matthew, i. 314.
Arran, James Hamilton, second Earl
of, and Duke of Châtelherault, i. 415.
Arran, James Hamilton, third Earl of,
i. 415.
frame a presbyterian ecclesiastical
polity, i. 543; and a confession of
faith, 543, 544.
Assiento, the, ii. 150.
Assize or edict of arms, 1. 78; enforced
by Edward I., 176.
Assize of battle. See Wager of Battle.
Assize of Clarendon, i. 81, 82.
Association for economical reform,
the, ii. 227 et sq.
Associated Eastern counties. See
Eastern Counties' Association.
Astley, Sir Jacob, i. 552, 553.
Asylum, right of, restricted (3 Hen.
VII. c. 5, etc.), i. 286.
Atheling, Edgar. See Edgar Atheling.
Athelstan, i. 12.
Attainder, i. 338, 339, 356; act of (7
and 8 Gul. III. c. 3), ii. 125.
Arran, James Stewart, Earl of, ii. 434. | Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Roches-
Array, feudal, of barons, i. 176.
Art, ecclesiastical, at its height, i. 230;
transition in, 279.
Artevelde, Jacob van, i. 218, 219.
Arthur, King, i. 190; his crown, 191,
192.
Arthur, Prince, son of Henry VII., i.
289, 318.
Arthur, son of Geoffrey, i. 118.
Articles, the thirty-nine, framed, i.
346; protestant in doctrine, 343, 371:
Charles I.'s manifesto on, 482.
Artillery, adds to the power of the
crown (temp. Richard II.), i. 248;
adverse to aristocracy, 259; comes
into use, 280; decides the day at
Blackheath (1497), 283; in the hands
of the crown, 297, 306.
Arundel, Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of,
i. 241.
Audley, James, Lord, i. 283.
Audley, Thomas, Baron Audley of
Walden, lord chancellor, i. 304, 321,
324.
Augustan Age of Anne, its character-
istics, ii. 128.
Augustine, St., converts Ethelbert, i. 6.
Aurangzeb, ii. 233.
Austerlitz, battle of, ii. 304.
Australia, colonization of, ii. 222.
Australasia, ii. 406.
Avignon, return of the papacy from,
i. 219, 231, 312.
Aylesbury election case, the, ii. 130,
131.
Aylmer, John, Bishop of London, i.
397, 399.
Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Can- Babington conspiracy, i. 442.
terbury, i. 241, 244, 248, 249.
Arundel, Thomas Howard, second
Earl of, i. 473, 479.
Bacon, Francis, i. 281, 285, 287, 383,
401, 402, 409, 417; his ideal of mon-
archy, i. 432; his large plans, 435;
his greatness and his weakness, ib.,
436, 456; his eminence, 459; his fall,
ib.
Bacon, Roger, i. 37.
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, i. 369.
Badby, Thomas, i. 253.
Bagot, Sir Charles, governor of Can-
ada, ii. 398.
Bagot, Sir William, minister of Rich-
ard II., i. 239.
Balance of power, i. 307.
Baldwin, Robert, ii. 393.
Balfour, James, of Burleigh, slays
Archbishop Sharp, ii. 24.
Baliol, Edward, i. 211.
Baliol, John de, king of Scotland, i.
193, 195, 196.
vance to Brackley, 131; appear be-
fore Northampton, i. 132; occupy
London, ib.; the greater, 136; the
lesser, 136; made leaders of the
whole people by the great charter,
139; garrison Rochester castle, 140;
turn for aid to France, 142; protest
against Henry III.'s abuses, 157;
their quarrel with Henry III., 158,
159; the greater, how summoned to
parliament, 172; the lesser, how
summoned to parliament, i. ib.; of
the exchequer, significance of the
title, 183; the Scotch, rise against
Baliol, 196; invade Cumberland, ib.;
give place to groups of magnates,
203, 204; feudal, supplanted (temp.
Henry VIII.), 334.
Ballads, the Robin Hood, i. 135; pa- Barons' war. See under Barons; also
Bancroft, Richard, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, i. 428.
Bangorian controversy, ii. 176.
Bank of England, statute originating
the (5 and 6 Gul. and Mar. c. 20), ii.
117.
under Henry III.; also under Mont-
fort, Simon de.
Barrow, Henry, i. 396.
Barry, Thomas, i. 311.
Bartholomew, convent of St., i. 153.
Basinghouse, stands three sieges, i.
638.
Bankruptcy law (temp. Henry VIII.), Bastwick, John, is set free, i. 514.
Bannockburn, battle of, i. 202, 206.
Bannow Bay, i. 102.
Baptists, first assert the principle of
liberty of conscience, i. 543; the
English, at Amsterdam, ib.
Bastwick, Robert, is indicted, i. 503.
Bate, George, doctor, i. 612.
Bate, John, i. 446, 483, 484.
Bath, Earl of. See Pulteney.
Battlements, i. 280.
Baxter, Richard, quoted, i. 611.
Bar, birth of a professional, i. 182, 183. Bayonet, its influence at Killiecran-
Baron, meaning of the word, i. 29.
Baronetcy, order of, instituted, i. 443.
Barons, the, power of (temp. William
I.), i. 29; rise against William II.,
43; revolt of the, against Henry I.,
60; conspire against Henry II., 103; i
rebel against King John, 130; the
cause of quarrel, ib.; refuse to fol-
low John to France, ib.; Langton
sides with them, ib.; gather at St. |
Edmundsbury, ib.; their demands, !
ib.; appeal to the pope, 130; ad-
kie, ii. 94; improvements in, ib.
Beachy Head, naval defeat at, ii. 119.
Beaton, David, Cardinal, i. 412.
Beatrice, wife of Philip Mary, Duke of
Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal, i. 264.
Beauforts, the (see also Somerset), i.
Becket, Thomas à, a champion of
church privilege, i. 87; his biog-
raphies, 87; his parentage, ib.; edu-
cation, ib.; advancement, ib.; sent
to Rome, ib.; takes deacon's maces,
ib.; invested with archdeaconcy of
Canterbury, etc., 87; made chan-
cellor, ib.; his style of living, 88:
ambassador to Paris, ib.; taxes the
clergy, ib.; made Archbishop of
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