FIG. 3. Drawing from a cast of the head of Professor B. von Cotta, a distinguished geologist, and man of great intellectual capacity.

FIG. 4. Drawing from a post-mortem cast of the head of a Saxon bookbinder, and a suicide.

PLATE IV.

FIGS. 1 and 2. Front and side views of the skull of a cretin from the Alps.

FIG. 3. Side view of the skull of Schiller (the great German poet), from an original cast in my possession. The asterisk in the side view of the skull of the cretin, and the central one in that of Schiller, mark respectively the inward extension of the supra-orbital plates. The two other asterisks in the skull of Schiller mark the points of ossification in the frontal and parietal bones.

FIG. 4. Cast of the head (taken from life) of Dr. von Ammon, a very eminent theologian, writer and preacher. He was at the head of the protestant church in Saxony. His theological works are particularly remarkable for their highly humane and moral tone.

FIG. 5. Post-mortem cast from the head of Vetter, an incorrigible thief. Being condemned to the House of Correction for the seventh time-and this time for a very long period-he committed suicide by hanging.

N.B. With the exception of the views of the brains of Professor Gauss, the German handworker, and of the head of a suicide (plate III. fig. 4), the illustrations have been copied from drawings in my German work, 'Grundzüge der Phrenologie.' The original drawings were made on stone by a portrait painter and lithographer of great repute, Herrn Weinhold of Dresden. Whenever comparisons of two or more heads or skulls have been purposed, the proportions of the same have been mathematically maintained.