SECTION 4. ments. The president, vice-president and all civil officers of the ImpeachUnited States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Whart. S. T., 260, 316; Blount's Tr., 22; Peck's Tr., 56; 3 Op., 409. ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in Judiciary. one Supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. compensa The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall Tenure and hold their offices during good behavior; and shall, at stated tion. times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. 9 Wh., 738; 1 Pet., 511; 8 How., 448. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and Judicial equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United power. States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more states; between a state and citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state, claiming lands under grants of different states; and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. 2 Dal., 297; 4 Dal., 10, 321; 2 Cr., 406, 445; 4 Cr., 306, 443; 5 Cr., tion of 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public minis- Jurisdic ters and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party, supreme the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the court. other cases, before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the congress shall make. 2 Dal, 297; 4 Dal., 321; 1 Cr., 137; 1 Wh., 304; Wh., 264; 9 Wh., Trial of 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, crimes. Treason. Punishment. State records. Privilege of citizens. Fugitives shall be by jury; and such trials shall be held in the state SECTION 3. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 4 Cr., 75; Burr's Tr.; Wha. St. T., 480; 1 Dal., 33, 35, 39; 2 Dal., 86, 88, 335, 346, 348; 4 Cr., 75; Pa., 265; 3 Wash., 234; 11 J. R., 549. 2. The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved and the effect thereof. 3 Wh., 234; 6 Wh., 129; 9 How., 528; 7 Cr., 484; Crabbe, 185; 10 S. & R., 242; 3 Wash., 17; 2 Pa., 502; 7 W. & S., 447; 3 J. C. R., 595; 12 N. Y., 156; 18 N. Y., 86. SECTION 2. 1. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states. 19 How., 393; 18 How., 591; 2 Pa., 502; 4 Wash., 380; 4 Am. L. R., 19; 5 Law R., 486; 2 Munf., 393; 20 B., 68; 4 J. C. R., 115; 1 Pai., 183; 19 W., 11. 2. A person charged, in any state, with treason, felony or from justice other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. Fugitives from labor. 3 Za., 311; 13 Geo., 97; 9 W., 221; 6 Penn. L. J., 428; 1 Am. L. J., 231; 10 S. & R., 125; 6 Har., 39; 3 McL., 133; 14 Pet., 540; 7 Verm., 121; Binn., 617; 2 Miss., 26; 2 Brock., 493; 5 Met., 536; 12 Verm., 631; 5 How, 176; 3 McL., 121; 1 B., 248; 5 Cal., 237; 7 Ind., 611; 4 Za., 634; 9 Tex., 635; 1 Pa., 429; 14 How., 103; 2 Cart., 396; 4 Har., 572, 577. 3. No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up, on claim of the party, to whom such service or labor may be due. 5 How., 215; 10 How., 82; 14 How., 13; 19 How., 396; 16 Pet., 539; SECTION 3. 1. New states may be admitted by the congress into this New states. Union: but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the congress. 2. The congress shall have power to dispose of and make Territories. 1 Pet., 542; 14 Pet., 526; 16 How., 194; 19 How., 395; 1 McL., 454; SECTION 4. form of The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Republican Union, a republican form of government, and shall protect governeach of them against invasion; and, on application of the ment. legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. ments. The congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall Amend deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution; or on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate. ARTICLE VI. the confed 1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before Debts of the adoption of this constitution shall be as valid against the eracy. United States, under this constitution, as under the confederation. 2. This constitution and the laws of the United States, which Supreme law. Oath of office. shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. 5 Cr., 348; 2 Pet., 253; 16 How., 635; 4 Am. L. R., 604; 6 Op., 291; 1 Blatch., 635; 2 Curt., 454; 1 Wash., 322; 1 B., 248. 3. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a ligious test. qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. No re Ratification. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same. Done in convention, by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. The constitution was ratified by the conventions of the several states, as follows: By Delaware on the 7th December, 1787. "Pennsylvania on the 12th December, 1787. "South Carolina on the 23d May, 1788. 66 "New York on the 26th July, 1788. "North Carolina on the 21st November, 1789. IN CONGRESS, The foregoing constitution was declared to have been ratified, and the first election under it was appointed for the first Wednesday of January, 1789. ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO AND AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. PROPOSED BY THE CONGRESS, HELD IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK ON THE 4TH ARTICLE I. religion, of Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of Freedom of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging speech, of the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the the press, people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government petition. for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II. and right of bear arms. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a Right to free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. of troops. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house Quartering without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. and seiz The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, Searches papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, ures. shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon Warrants. |