Laws for carrying powers. over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state, in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards and other needful buildings; and 5 Wh., 317; 6 Wh., 264; 6 Op., 577; 7 Op., 628; 17 J. R., 225. 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper out vested for carrying into execution the foregoing powers; and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States or in any department or officer thereof. 4 Wh., 316. Slave trade. Habeas corpus. Attainder and ex post facto law. Direct taxes. State exports. Port entries. Receipts and expenditures. Titles and presents SECTION 9. 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 5 Wh., 338; 9 Wh., 381, 391; 10 Wh., 67; 12 Wh., 460; 1 Wash., 95, 499, 522; 2 Sum., 240; 3 Pet., 65; 11 Pet., 73; 14 Pet., 464; 15 Pet., 518. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 3 Dal., 390; 6 Cr., 138; 8 Pet., 110; 17 How., 463; 2 Gall., 138; 2 Wash., 366; Pet. C. C., 323. 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 3 Dal., 171; 5 Wh., 320. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter clear, or pay duties in another. 12 How., 314; 18 How., 421. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; prohibited. and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. bidden to SECTION 10. Powers for-. 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confedethe states ration; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit ally. bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender individuin payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. (Impairing the obligation of contracts.) U. S. COURTS.-6 Cr., 87, 136; 7 Cr., 174; 9 Cr., 43; 4 Wh., 122, 518; 5 299; 14 N. Y., 22; MAINE.-2 Shep., 344; 6 Shep., 109; 25 Mai., 18; 26 Mai., 191; 34 Mai., 411; 36 Mai., 9; 40 Mai., 386; 44 Mai., 140. NEW HAMPSHIRE.-4 Fost., 139; 11 N. H., 19; 35 N. H., 457. VERMONT.-11 Verm., 632; 13 Verm., 402, 525; 19 Verm., 86; 25 MASSACHUSETTS.-1 Mass., 198; 3 Mass., 88; 5 Mass., 509; 8 Mass., 430; 10 Mass., 337; 13 Mass., 16; 6 Pick., 451; 8 Pick., 194; 12 Pick., 572; 15 Pick., 417; 19 Pick., 48; 2 Gray, 1, 339; 4 Gray, 474. CONNECTICUT.-3 Conn., 253, 304, 472, 523; 5 Conn., 1; 6 Conn., 480; 9 Conn., 314; 13 Conn., 87; 21 Conn., 351. NEW JERSEY.-1 Sou., 192; 2 Sou., 466; 4 Za., 385. PENNSYLVANIA.—6 S. & R., 322; 1 Raw., 181; 2 Wha., 395; 2 W. & S., MARYLAND.-4 G. & J., 1, 509; 7 G. & J., 7; 9 G. & J., 365; 10 G. & J., OHIO.-1 Ham., 236; 1 Oh., 591, 622; 2 Oh., 152; 5 Oh., 444; 7 Oh., ILLINOIS.-1 Bre., 16; 12 Il., 1; 14 Il., 142; 17 II., 344; 20 II., 209. 7 Mon., 11, 544, 588 7 B. Mon., 162; 12 B. Mon., 144; 13 B. Mon., TENNESSEE.-Peck, 1; 2 Yer., 534; 9 Yer., 490; 4 Hum., 13; 7 Hum., INDIANA.-1 Blackf., 220; 6 Blackf., 373; 7 Ind., 59, 157, 470; 9 Ind., MICHIGAN.-1 Doug., 225; 2 Doug., 38, 197; 1 Man., 68. WISCONSIN.-1 Wis., 26; 4 Wis., 414. Iowa.-1 Mor., 27, 59, 70; 1 Io., 553; 2 Io., 94; 3 Io., 489. SOUTH CAROLINA.-2 Rich., 43; 3 R., 389; 10 R., 604. GEORGIA.-Cha., 175, 324; 2 Geo., 143; 4 Geo., 208; 7 Geo., 163; 9 Geo., ALABAMA.-2 St., 30; 7 Port., 293; 1 Al., 312; 2 Al., 401; 9 Al., 713; 11 MISSISSIPPI.-4 How. M., 647; 3 S. & M., 661; 4 S. & M, 439; 6 S. & MISSOURI.-9 Mi., 389, 507; 13 Mi., 112; 23 Mi., 107; 24 Mi., 85, 377, FLORIDA. 4 Fl., 23; 5 Fl., 345. TEXAS.-1 Tex., 250, 598; 5 Tex., 349; 6 Tex., 347; 7 Tex., 348; 11 CALIFORNIA.-1 Cal., 55; 2 Cal., 361, 524; Cal., 127; 5 Cal., 188; 7 Cal, ARKANSAS.-2 Eng., 150; 3 Eng., 236; 4 Eng., 205; 17 Ark., 518; 19 (Ex post facto laws.) 3 Dal., 386; 12 Wh., 377; 2 Pet., 380, 414, 492, 627, 681; 8 Pet., 88, 275; Fairf., 284; 6 Shep., 109; 2 N. H., 102; 3 N. H., 473, 524; 2 Verm., 174, 517; 3 Verm., 360; 4 Verm., 269; 13 Verm., 582; 1 Chip., 237; 1 Aik., 121. 4 Conn., 210; 6 Conn., 54, 190; 7 Conn., 350, 550, 558; 2 Root, 350; 4 Mass., 390; 8 Mass., 472; 9 Mass., 363; 11 Mass., 396; 16 Mass., 16, 36, 59, 76, 215; 2 Pick., 165, 172; 5 Pick., 65; 6 Pick., 501; 11 Pick., 28; 1 Gray, 152. 5 Rh. Is., 185, 497. 5 Binn., 355; 6 Binn., 271; 7 S. & R., 260; 10 S. & R., 97; 11 S. & R., 191; 12 S. & R., 330; 14 S. & R., 435; 15 S. & R., 72; 16 S. & R., 35, 169; 3 Wa., 294; 6 Wa., 449; 4. W. & S.. 218, 401; 8 W. & S., 49; 23 Penn., 507; 31 Penn., 285. 1 Yer., 360; 2 Yer., 125, 260, 554, 599; 4 Yer., 202; 5 Yer., 320; 6 Yer., 119; 2 Swan, 35. Harp., 88. 5 Mon., 122, 133; 1 J. J. M., 563; 4 Bibb, 62; 16 B. Mon., 15. 1 Blackf., 196, 220; 2 Blackf., 8; 7 Blackf., 474; 7 Ind., 316. 2 Ham., 65; 3 Ham., 553; Oh., 225; 12 Oh., 364; 15 Oh., 408. 5 Hayw., 263; 3 Ran., 188; 3 Grat., 632; 1 Const. R., 90; 3 Hill S. C., 96; 1 McM., 410; Walk., 258; 5 How., 285; 9 G. & J., 181; 12 Md., 195; 17 Geo., 568; 4 Tex., 470; 14 Tex., 402; 2 Dutch., 13; 3 Dutch., 185; 1 Jon., 9; 30 Al., 120; 4 Cal., 127; 13 La., 268; 17 Ark., 407. 2. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any consent of imposts, or duties on imports or exports, except what may be congress. absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. State pow ers, with President. 14 Pet., 572; 1 McL., 185; 3 Op., 661. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the Vice-presi- term of four years, and together with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: dent. 6 Op., 603. election. 2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature Mode of thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress; but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be appointed an elector. See 12th 3. [The electors shall meet in their respective states, and Annulled. vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall not amendment be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for president; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from twothirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president.] election. 4. The congress may determine the time of choosing the Time of electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States. tions of the 5. No person, except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of Qualificathe United States at the time of the adoption of this constitu- t tion, shall be eligible to the office of president; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. plied. 6. In case of the removal of the president from office, or of Vacancies, his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and how supduties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the vicepresident; and the congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as president; and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed, or a president shall be elected. 7. The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services His coma compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished pensation. Oath of office. Powers of president. Treaties. Appointments. Vacancies. His duties. during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the United States." SECTION 2. 1. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 7 Pet., 150; 18 How., 307; 4 Wash., 64; 1 Op., 341, 482; 2 Op., 329; 3 Op., 317, 418, 622; 4 Op., 144, 458, 573; 5 Op., 368, 532, 579, 729; 6 Op., 20, 393, 615; 7 Op., 561. 2. He shall have power by and with the advice and consent of the senate to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur; and he shall nominate and by and with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the president alone, in the courts of law or in the heads of departments. 1 Cr., 155; 13 Pet., 230; 3 Op., 188, 673; 4 Op.. 1, 218, 603; 5 Op., 288; 7 Op., 186. 3. The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. 1 Op., 631; 2 Op., 336, 525; 3 Op., 673; 4 Op., 30, 361, 523. SECTION 3. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information of the state of the Union and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses or either of them; and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. 4 Op., 248; 5 Op., 287; 6 Op., 220, 500. |