off Margate Sands. This ship being shortly after paid off in consequence of the peace, Captain Broughton was ap- pointed to the Penelope, a fine frigate, and in that ship made a short trip to the Mediterranean.
Soon after his return from Malta, to which island he had conveyed the Bri- tish resident, the late Sir Alexander Ball, hostilities having recommenced, the Penelope was stationed in the North Seas, to watch the Dutch ports. Charges were at this time exhibited against Capt. Broughton, by his first lieutenant, upon which he was tried by a court- martial, and acquitted of them all, ex- cepting one for sleeping one or two nights out of his ship. On this point he was admonished, but the rest were not proved, and declared to be ill- founded, trifling, and malicious. About this time Captain Broughton's Voyage was published. The Russian naviga- tor, Krusentnern, observes in his work, not knowing of the publication, as fol- lows:
"It might almost be believed, that the English government had purposely cast a veil over the voyages of Colorett and Broughton on the coast of Japan, were it not that the liberality which they have shown, in publishing every voyage that has been undertaken during the last half century, (a period so brilliant in the history of discoveries,) completely contro- verts this suspicion. The companion of Vancouver could not have failed to have rendered his work very interesting to geography and navigation."
Whatever might have been the motives of the Admiralty in not assisting the publication of Captain Brougton's voy- age, certain it is, that they contributed nothing to the expence of it, and in that respect differed from their predecessors in office, who behaved so liberally in editing the voyages of Cook and Van- couver. This work was well spoken of in the Reviews, was translated into French, and though more useful to the navigator than pleasing to the general reader, is a valuable addition to geo- graphy.
On the 21st of May the Penelope, then being one of the squadron under the command of Commodore Sir Sydney Smith, engaged the French flotilla pass- ing from Flushing to Ostend. On this occasion three of her crew were killed and several wounded, and the ship much damaged.
During the ensuing three years Captain Broughton was employed in
a variety of cruizes off the Texel, to Yarmouth, Plymouth, and the channel fleet; and also off the Black Rocks, the Garonne, and Cadiz. On the 23d of May, 1807, he was appointed to the Illustrious of 74 guns, in which ship he was present at the memorable affair in Basque Roads, and afterwards exa- mined as a witness on the trial of Lord Gambier.
In the summer of 1809, the Illustrious formed a part of the expedition against the Isle of Walcheren, subsequently to which she was stationed off Cherburg, under the orders of Sir Richard King.
While on this station, Captain Brough- ton received orders to proceed with a convoy to the East Indies. He accord- ingly sailed from Portsmouth in the early part of 1810, and arrived at Calcutta in time to join the expedition against the Isle of France; in the conquest of which settlement he had the honor to partake.
On the return of the Illustrious to Ma- dras, Captain Broughton finding himself senior officer of the squadron in the In- dian seas, by the death of Admiral Drury, hoisted a broad pendant, and proceeded to superintend the equipment of an expedition againt the island of Java; the military part of which was conducted by Sir Samuel Auchmuty. The general rendezvous for the several divisions of the armament was to be in Malacca roads, whence the whole fleet, to the number of seventy-two ships, sailed in different divisions.
As the monsoon was contrary to the fleet's making a straight passage to Java, it became an important potnt of con- sideration, which would be the most eli- gible passage; the eastern route was proposed and the straits of Macassar, both of which to the commodore appeared to be too circuitous and tedious. Therefore, from the best information, he preferred the passage by the coast of Borneo to Cape Sambar, and proceeded to his des- tination in that course as the general intended his first attack should be that on Batavia.
The town of Batavia had surrendered when orders came from the Honorable Rear-admiral Stopford to Commodore Broughton to put himself and his squad- ron under his command; and also an- nouncing his arrival at the east end of Java, in the Scipio man of war from the Cape, which station the admiral had left to put himslf at the head of the naval expedition against the island of Java. Mortifying as this intelligence must have
been to Commodore Broughton to find that his command was taken from him so unexpectedly, yet he had the satisfaction of knowing that he had conducted so large an armament in safety through a difficult navigation, and by his co-oper- ation with Sir Samuel Auchmuty in the reduction of Batavia, the chief town, facilitated the ultimate conquest of the island of Java.
Admiral Stopford having relinquished his assumed command on the capitulation of the island, and having returned to his station at the Cape, with his squadron, Commodore Broughton again became commander-in-chief of His Majesty's ships in the East Indies, till he hauled down his broad pendant by order of Rear. admiral Sir Samuel Hood, sent over from England to succeed Admiral Drury.
Captain Broughton now returned to England after an absence of three years, and in May, 1815, was appointed to the command of the Royal Sovereign, a first- rate lying at Plymouth, which he found ready for sea, and completely manned; but, on the total defeat of the French Emperor, and his subsequent abdication, the ship was paid off, and Lord Melville was pleased to appoint Captain Brough- ton to command the Spencer of 74 guns, one of the guardships at Plymouth.
In the meanwhile the Order of the Bath had been extended into three classes, and Captain Broughton found his name was only inserted in that of companions. He expostulated with the First Lord of the Admiralty on such an unmerited omission of his claim to have his name inserted in the second class; and after- wards presented a petition to His R. H. the Prince Regent, praying to be re- warded with the same mark of distinc- tion which so many of equal rank, or juniors to him, enjoyed for services in- ferior to his own.
Although unsuccessful in his efforts to obtain the insignia of a knight-com- mander, Captain Broughton soon after received the honorable and lucrative ap- pointment of colonel of royal marines; and every other attention was paid him by the admiralty, particularly by the noble viscount who presides at that board; and it is gratifying to his sur- viving friends to know, that his pro- fessional services were duly appreciated.
When the command of the Spencer had ceased, Captain Broughton retired to Florence, in Italy, where he died on the 12th of March last, to the inex- pressible grief of all who were nearly connected with him, and with the very
sincere regret of his numerous friends and acquaintance. He has left a widow, the youngest daughter of his kinsman, the late Rev. Sir Thomas Broughton, Baronet, and four children, a son and three daughters, to deplore his almost sudden loss, for his death was not ex- pected, though he had laboured for some time under the angina pectoris, a disease that has often been corrected by regimen and attention, and which, in Captain Broughton's case, was not pronounced immediately dangerous. It may with truth be asserted, that he has not left a more active or experienced officer behind him, or, in private life, a more amiable man. The writer of this article knew him well to be excellent in the charac- ters of father, son, brother, husband, and friend, and offers this token of his respect and affection.
His saltem accumulem scriptis et fun- gar inani munere.
In the burial-ground of the English factory at Leghorn, this inscription is written on his tomb by the Reverend Dr. Trevor:
Sacred to the Memory of
William Robert Broughton, Esq. Captain in the Royal Navy of England, And Colonel of Marines.
His professional career was honorable to himself And beneficial to his Country.
In two Voyages of Discovery he traversed The Pacific Ocean,
With the perseverance, intrepidity, and skill: Of a British seaman ;
On the intricate coast of Java,
As Commander-in-chief of the English squadron, He steered his fleet to victory, And secured that valuable Island to his Sovereign.
After having brav'd and overcome danger For forty-seven years in the service of his country, On the 12th of March, 1821, in the 59th year
He died suddenly in Florence, In the bosom of his family, To whom he was endeared by
Those qualities which ameliorate the evils And enliven the joys of domestic life. It is now the consolation, as it was the happiness, Of his afflicted widow and children, That to the character of a brave and gallant officer Was united, in the object of their sorrow, that of
History of Renfrew, were in the army, and, going to Ireland at the time of the troubles in that country, settled near Drogheda.
Mr. Caldwell, being destined for the naval service, went to the Royal Aca- demy at Portsmouth in 1754. Having remained there two years and a half, he went to sea, in His Majesty's ship Isis, commanded by Capt. Edward Wheeler. In the Isis he remained, we believe, till the month of March, 1759, when he was removed to the Namur, the flag-ship of Admiral Boscawen, then recently appointed to the command of a fleet of fourteen sail of the line and two frigates, destined for the Mediterranean.
Admiral Boscawen sailed from Saint Helens on the 14th of April, and on the 17th of August following encoun- tered and defeated M. de la Clue, off Lagos.
On the 20th of November, in the same year, Mr. Caldwell was also in the celebrated victory obtained by Sir Edward Hawke over M. de Conflans. As yet, he was only a midshipman; but, on the 20th of March, 1760, he was made a lieutenant, and appointed to the Achilles, commanded by the Hon. Captain Barrington.
On the 24th of May, 1762, Mr. Caldwell was appointed to the com- mand of the Martin sloop, in which vessel he sailed in the September of 1763, first to the coast of Africa, and thence to the West Indies.
mained in the Martin till 1765, when, on the first of April, he was promoted to the rank of post-captain in the Milford frigate.
In the spring of 1768, Captain Cald- well was appointed to the Rose, in which he remained, on the Boston station, till the end of 1771. His next appointment was to the Emerald frigate, in 1775. The Emerald, immediately after she was commissioned, was ordered on the North American station, under Lord Howe, where she remained till the winter of 1779. On this service, Captain Caldwell had various oppor- tunities of distinguishing himself; and his diligence, activity, and gallantry, were eminently conspicuous, particularly in blockading the Capes of Virginia, where he took the Virginia frigate, and numerous other smaller vessels,
On the 25th of December, 1779, Captain Caldwell was appointed to the Hannibal, a new ship of 50 guns. In the Hannibal he sailed to St. Helena, and on his return he brought home an
East India convoy. Shortly after his arrival in England, in 1781, he was farther advanced to the command of the Agamemnon, of 64 guns, 'attached to the Channel fleet, under Admiral Darby.
At the latter end of that year, the Agamemnon formed a part of Rear Admiral Kempenfelt's squadron, cruis- ing for the purpose of intercepting a fleet which had sailed from Brest, with a convoy for the West Indies.
At day-break on the 12th of Decem- ber, about 35 leagues to the westward of Ushant, the English Admiral de- scried the enemy's fleet; and though it was greatly his superior in force, he succeeded in cutting off about twenty sail of the convoy. The Agamemnon
was detached in quest of any straggling ships of the enemy which might have separated from the main body. the 25th of December, Captain Cald- well fell in with seven sail of transports, with troops and naval stores. Five of these, four ships and a snow, were captured, and carried safely into port.
Soon after his return from the above cruise, Capt. Caldwell was ordered to the West Indies, and was fortunate enough to join Admiral Sir George B. Rodney in time to share the glories of the memorable 12th of April, 1782. The Agamemnon suffered severely on the occasion. Fourteen of her seamen were killed, and twenty-two wounded; two of her lieutenants, Incledon, now a vice admiral, and Brice, were also wounded, the latter mortally.
On the news of this splendid and important victory reaching England, the thanks of parliament were unani- mously voted to the commander-in- chief, the captains, officers, seamen, and marines of the fleet.
Captain Caldwell proceeded with the prizes to Jamaica. He then sailed to North America, with Admiral Pigot, with whom he also returned to the West Indies at the close of the year. During the short remainder of the war, nothing farther of importance occurred; and peace being concluded early in the ensuing year, Captain Caldwell returned to England in the month of May 1783. Our officer, we believe, had no farther command till 1787, when, in the arma- `ment of that year, he was appointed to the Alcide.
In 1790, at the time when a dispute took place between Great Britain and Spain, relative to Nootka Sound, Cap-
tain Caldwell was appointed to the Berwick, of 74 guns; but, the dif- ference having been amicably settled, the armament was discontinued, and the Berwick was consequently put out of commission.
From this period it does not appear that Captain Caldwell was ever again in active service as a private captain.
On the 1st of February, 1793, he was promoted to the rank of Rear- Admiral of the White; and in the winter of that year being appointed to a command in the Channel fleet, under Lord Howe, he hoisted his flag on board the Cumberland of 74 guns, Captain T. Louis.
On the 12th of April, 1794, he was farther advanced to the rank of Rear- Admiral of the Red, and shifted his flag to the Impregnable, of 98 guns, Captain G. B. Westcott.
It was on the 1st of June following, that Lord Howe achieved that im- portant victory over the French fleet, which will be long remembered by Britons with heart-felt exultation. The Impregnable in this action had seven killed and twenty four wounded.
It is here particularly worthy of re- mark, that Rear-Admiral Caldwell, a brave and meritorious officer, whose unremitting services, whose persevering activity, zeal, and courage, had never, for a long series of years, been once sullied by the breath of calumny or suspicion, was, with several other officers, one of whom was the late Lord Collingwood, omitted in the honorable mention made by Lord Howe, in his official dispatches, of those whom he thought entitled to his "particular thanks" for their ex- ertions.
The Rear-Admiral, though not ho- nored with a medal on the above occa- sion, was named in the thanks of both Houses of Parliament.
On the 4th of July following, he was made Vice-Admiral of the Blue Squad- ron. In the month of September he shifted his flag into the Majestic, of 74 guns, and on the 13th of the following month sailed with a reinforcement for the Leeward Islands. On the 14th of November he arrived at Martinique, and succeeded Sir John Jervis, whose impaired health obliged him to re- linquish the command on the above
Vice-Admiral Caldwell being relieved in 1795, by Sir John Laforey, returned to England in the Blanche frigate.
On his arrival he struck his flag, and
from that period never solicited employ- ment; but he lived long enough to have his wounded feelings healed by His present Majesty, who, on the 20th of May, 1820, in contemplation of his coronation, was graciously pleased to confer upon him the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, thus rendering happy the latter days of a brave, honorable and faithful subject, ever zealous to, promote the welfare of his country. In private life he was a kind, sincere friend, beloved and respected by all who knew him, and died much lamented, at Farleigh House, the residence of his son, near Basingstoke, Hants, the 1st of November, 1820, aged 83.
At the time of his decease, Sir Ben- jamin was only junior in rank to His Royal Highness the Duke of Clarence, Admiral of the Fleet; and Admiral the Earl of St. Vincent.
Mrs. Caldwell died at the Admiral's house, in Charles-street, Berkeley- square, on the 20th of September, 1819, aged 73.
CAMPBELL, Admiral Sir George, G. C. B. Commander-in-chief at Ports- mouth, and a groom of the bed-chamber to His Majesty. This officer was the third son of the late Pryce Campbell, Esq. of Cawdor Castle, and brother of Lord Cawdor. He was born on the 13th of August, 1761, and entered the navy at an early age. On the 9th of November, 1781, he obtained the rank of post-cap- tain, and, during the remainder of the American war, commanded the Aurora, a wretched going frigate, by no means suited to the ardour of so spirited an officer. The Aurora was constantly em- ployed in convoying merchant-vessels round the coast of England, Wales, and Ireland. Soon after the general peace, Captain Campbell was appointed to the command of the Orpheus, a very fine frigate, stationed in the Mediterranean, and in which he acquired very great credit among the states of Italy, and even among those of Barbary. At the commencement of the revolutionary war, Captain C. commanded the Leda frigate, and on the 9th of June, 1793, captured L'Eclair, of 22 guns, in the Mediter-
arrived at Plymouth, in company with a squadron under Rear-admiral Mann, with convoy from Lisbon and Oporto *. In the month of April, 1798, Capt. C. was appointed to the Dragon of 74 guns, in which ship he continued during the remainder of the time he served as a captain. On the 1st of January, 1801, he was promoted to the rank of Rear- Admiral of the Blue, and hoisted his flag in the Temeraire of 98 guns, attached to the Channel fleet. He was farther ad- vanced to the rank of Vice-Admiral of the Blue, 13th December, 1806. In 1809 he had his flag on board the Princess of Orange, 74, in the Downs, as com- mander-in-chief. In the same year, he sat as a member of the court-martial ap- pointed to try Lord Gambier, for his con- duct relative to the operations in Basque Roads. On the 4th of June, 1814, he obtained the rank of Admiral of the Blue. On the 2d of January following he was nominated a Knight Commander of the Bath. On the 21st of May, 1818, Sir George hoisted his flag on board the Queen Charlotte of 108 guns, Captain Thomas Briggs, as commander-in-chief, at Portsmouth, vice Sir Edward Thorn- borough. On the 12th of August, 1819, he became Admiral of the White.
George had, three days previous thereto, entertained His Majesty, then Prince Regent, and the officers of the navy, in commission, at Portsmouth. On the 8th of June following, he received the Grand Cross of the above Order, vacant by the death of Sir Thomas F. Free- mantle +.
On the 23d of January, 1821, by one of those unaccountable and extraordi- nary aberrations of reason, which have lamentably visited at all times, and in all ages, men of every class and every qualification, both mental and personal, Sir George put a period to his existence by shooting himself with a pistol. He was found dead in his dressing- room by his valet, who had left him only five minutes previous. No cause can be assigned for this act, but a peculiar ill- ness had lately afflicted him, which caused occasionally a considerable flow of blood to the head, and occasioned him evident uneasiness, but which by attention, as he was conscious of it, he meant to have removed by medicine and exercise;
*Windsor Castle, 98, flag-ship, Capt. Edw. O'Brien; Saturn, 74, Jas. Doug- las; Defence, 74, Thos. Wells; and Adamant, 50, H. Warre. + See a former volume.
though we regret this determination was made too late, as in one of these depres- sions of spirits and natural oppression in the brain, his profession lost an esteemed member, and the world a good man. He was of the most humane and charit- able disposition, and of exemplary do- mestic habits. Sir George was a Groom of the Bed-Chamber to His late Majesty, whose funeral he attended in that capa- city. He had the honor of being highly esteemed by His present Majesty; in- deed, they were early friends. In 1819, when His Majesty was cruising in his yacht, he went on shore purposely to dine with Sir George; and in the fol- lowing season, on the Admiral going on board to pay his respects to His Majesty on his arrival off Portsmouth, the King observed, that he did not intend to go out of the yacht during his stay; and, turning to Sir George, added, in the familiar tone which he always used with him, "I shall not even go on shore to see you, George.'
We understand that Lord Melville, on hearing of the death of Sir George, im- mediately promoted his nephew, the Honorable George Pryce Campbell, commander of the Racehorse, to the rank of post-captain, as an expression of the high sense entertained by his Lord- ship and the other Lords of the Ad- miralty, of the character of the deceased Admiral. Sir B. Bloomfield expressed the King's sorrowful feelings, and his kind and gracious wishes to Lady Camp- bell, on the deeply afflicting event.
Note. Sir George was a freeholder of Nairnshire.
CARHAMPTON, Earl of, April 25, at his house in Bruton-street, at two o'clock in the morning, in his 78th year, Henry Lawes Luttrell, Earl of Car- hampton, Visc. Carhampton of Castle- haven, Baron Irnham of Luttrelstown, Governor of Dublin, Patent Customer at Bristol, a General in the army, and Colonel of the 6th regiment of dragoon guards, born August 7, 1743; married June 25, 1776, Jane, daughter of Geo. Boyd, of Dublin, Esq. one of the most beautiful women of her day, as well as the most amiable. Her ladyship survives him. He was brother to the beautiful Miss Luttrell, the late Duchess of Cum- berland. His Lordship succeeded to his titles on the death of his father, in 1787. Creations of the first nobleman, the father of the deceased: baron, 1768; viscount, 1781; earl, 1785. His Lord- ship is succeeded in his titles and estates by his only brother, the Hon. John
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