this plan. One remark, however, we shall hazard, which is this: the failure of his attack at Craon upon Blucher, and the rapid diminution of his army, which could, with great difficulty, and at very uncertain intervals, be reinforced, held out the prospect of swift and irreversible ruin, if he remained between two powerful armies, each superior to his own, and whose junction it did not appear possible much longer to retard. Acting upon this project, Napoleon passed the Austrian army at St. Dizier, and proceeded to the eastward, an operation which was not accomplished without loss. On this occasion he refused the Austrians' offer of battle. The allies, in their turn, now formed a bold and masterly design. They resolved to unite their forces and march to Paris; but before this junction was effected, they demolished some small corps proceeding to join Napoleon. The gallantry of a division of about 4000 troops, chiefly conscripts, excited universal admiration. This little corps refused every proposition to surrender, and forming themselves into a square, sold their blood dearly. The Austrians left a rear guard to amuse Napoleon, who fell into the snare; in the meantime the allies continued their march, arriving at the heights of Montmartre, (the Highgate of Paris). They were vigorously opposed. The youths of the Pyrotechnic school served the artillery with such effect as to produce a very serious loss to the assailants, who were bravely withstood likewise by the regular troops. Before the battle was terminated, a violent ferment prevailed in Paris. The general cry was for capitulation. Joseph Buonaparte, destitute alike of mental resolution as of military skill, could not controul the popular feeling. The French forces which occupied the position in and about Montmartre amounted to about 40,000 men, with 150 pieces of cannon; of these 30,000 were national guards. The battle lasted for many hours, but was at length terminated in the complete defeat of the French, who lost all their artillery. The Duke of Ragusa (Marmont) then sent a flag of truce to treat for the surrender of Paris. The terms were soon agreed upon; and, on the 31st March 1814, the allies took possession

of the metropolis. This great event decided the fate of Napoleon. In every stage of the revolution, the example of the metropolis had divided a vast majority of the provincials; whilst it remained firm to the French Emperor, it was an immense magazine, whence he drew continual supplies of money, troops, and military stores. Undeceived at length as to the real object of the allies, he hastened by forced marches towards Paris, and arrived at Fontainbleau with an army of about 40,000 men: but he arrived too late; the blow had been struck.

We cannot find room for minute details of the important events which followed. The public documents are much too voluminous to be quoted; we can only afford space for one or two: the following is the declaration of the Emperor of Russia. "The armies of the Allied Powers have occupied the capital of France; the Allied Sovereigns receive favourably the wish of the French nation.

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They declare, that if the conditions of peace ought to contain stronger guarantees when the question was to bind down the ambition of Buonaparte; they may be more favourable when, by a return to a wise government, France herself offers the assurance of this repose.

"The sovereigns proclaim in consequence, that they will no more treat with Napoleon Buonaparte, nor with any of his family.

"That they respect the integrity of ancient France, as it existed under its legitimate kings: they may even do more, because they profess it as a principle, that for the happiness of Europe, France must be great and strong.

"That they will recognize and guarantee the constitution which France shall adopt. They therefore invite the senate to name immediately a Provisional Government, which may provide for the wants of the administration, and prepare the constitution which shall suit the French people.

"The intentions which I have just expressed, are common to all the Allied Powers.

"Paris, March 31st, 3 o'clock in the afternoon."

The Senate decreed the deposition of Napoleon upon various grounds.

This was succeeded by a treaty, confirming to Napoleon during his life the title of Emperor; and recognising the members of his house as Princes of his family. This treaty is too important to allow us to present it to our readers in an abridged form; we therefore detail it verbatim.

Art. 1. His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon renounces for himself, his successors, and descendants, as well as for all the members of his family, all right of sovereignty and dominion, as well to the French empire, and the kingdom of Italy, as over every other country.

Art. 2. "Their Majesties the Emperor Napoleon and Maria Louisa, shall retain their titles and rank, to be enjoyed during their lives. The mother, the brothers, sisters, nephews, and nieces of the Emperor, shall also retain, wherever they may reside, the titles of Princes of his family.

Art. 3. "The Isle of Elba, adopted by his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, as the place of his residence, shall form, during his life, a separate principality, which shall be possessed by him in full sovereignty and property; there shall be besides granted, in full property, to the Emperor Napoleon, an annual revenue of 2,000,000 francs, in rent-charge, in the great book of France, of which 1,000,000 shall be in reversion to the Empress.

Art. 4. "The duchies of Parma, Placentia, and Guastalla, shall be granted, in full property and sovereignty to her Majesty the Empress Maria Louisa; they shall pass to her son, and to the descendants in the right line. The Prince, her son, shall from henceforth take the title of Prince of Parma, Placentia, and Guastalla.

Art. 5. "All the powers engage to employ their good offices to cause to be respected by the Barbary powers, the flag and territory of the Isle of Elba, for which purpose the relations with the Barbary powers shall be assimilated to those with France.

Art. 6. "There shall be reserved in the territories hereby renounced to his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon for himself

and family, domains or rent-charges in the great book of France, producing a revenue, clear of all deductions and charges, of 2,500,000 francs. These domains and rents shall belong, in full property, and to be disposed of as they shall think fit, to the Princes and Princesses of his family, and shall be divided amongst them in such manner that the revenue of each shall be in the following proportion, viz.:

"To the Queen Hortense and to her children 400,000

"The Princes and Princesses of the house of the Emperor Napoleon, shall retain besides, their property, moveable and immoveable, of whatever nature it may be, which they shall possess by individual and public right, and the rents of which they shall enjoy (also as individuals).

Art. 7. "The annual pension of the Empress Josephine shall be reduced to 1,000,000, in domains, or in inscriptions in the great book of France: she shall continue to enjoy, in full property, all her private property, moveable and immoveable, with power to dispose of it conformably to the French laws. Art. 8. "There shall be granted to Prince Eugene, Viceroy of Italy, a suitable establishment out of France.

Art. 9. "The property which his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon possesses in France, either as extraordinary domain, or as private domain attached to the crown, the funds placed by the Emperor either in the great book of France, in the bank of France, in the action des forêts, or in any other manner, and which his Majesty abandons to the crown, shall be reserved as a capital, which shall not exceed 2,000,000, to be expended in gratifications in favour of such persons, whose

names shall be contained in a list to be signed by the Emperor Napoleon, and which shall be transmitted to the French Government.

Art. 10. “All the crown diamonds shall remain in France. Art. 11. "His Majesty the Emperor Napoleon shall return to the treasury, and to the other public chests, all the sums and effects that shall have been taken out by his orders, with the exception of what has been appropriated from the civil list.

Art. 12. "The debts of the household of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, such as they were on the day of the signature of the present treaty, shall be immediately discharged out of the arrears due by the public treasury to the civil list, according to a list which shall be signed by a commissioner appointed for that purpose.

Art. 13. "The obligations of the Mont-Napoleon, of Milan, towards all the creditors, whether Frenchmen or foreigners, shall be exactly fulfilled, unless there shall be any change made in this respect.

Art. 14. "There shall be given all the necessary passports for the free passage of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon, or of the Empress, the Princes and Princesses, and all the persons of their suites who wish to accompany them, or to establish themselves out of France, as well as for the passage of all the equipages, horses, and effects belonging to them. The Allied Powers shall, in consequence, furnish officers and men for escorts.

Art. 15. "The French imperial guard shall furnish a detachment of from 12 to 1500 men, of all arms, to serve as an escort to the Emperor Napoleon to St. Tropez, the place of his embarkation.

Art. 16." There shall be furnished a corvette and the necessary transport vessels to convey to the place of his destination his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon and his household; and the corvette shall belong, in full property, to his Majesty the Emperor.

Art. 17. "The Emperor Napoleon shall be allowed to take with him, and retain as his guard, 400 men, volunteers, as well officers as sub-officers and soldiers.