...USC § 157 (1988). Workers also have the right to refrain from joining a union or engaging in union activities "except to the extent that such right may...agreement requiring membership in a labor organization as a condition of employment." Id. In the event that the collective bargaining agreement contains a union...

...self-organization, to form, Join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted...a condition of employment as authorized In section 8(a)(3)." 49 Slot. 452, as amended, 61 Stat 140, 29 USC section 157. ' See Monthly Labor Review, February...

.... . . shall also have the right to refrain from [organizing or joining a union and other concerted activities] . . . except to the extent that such right...a condition of employment as authorized in section 8(a)(3)." [Court's emphasis.] This meant that only agreements requiring membership in a labor organization...

...Management Relations Act, which provides " 'employees . . . shall also have the right to refrain . . . except to the extent that such right may be affected...agreement requiring membership in a labor organization as a condition of employment,' means what it says and excepts from the operation of the law only agreements...

...organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, or to refrain from such activities except to the extent that such right may be affected by an agreement made under section 8 (a) (3). The court said that nothing could more strongly coerce the employees...

...self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted...affected by an agreement requiring membership in a labor organisation as a condition of employment as authorized in section 8 (a) (3). "UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES...

...representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of mutual aid or protection, and shall also have the right to refrain from any or all such activities except to the extent that such right may be affected by an agreement requiring membership...

...other mi aid or protection, and shall also 1m ve the right to refrain from any or all of such actlv except to the extent that such right may be affected by an agreement requiring membei in a labor organization as a condition of employment as authorized In section 8 (a) I 'See Fourteenth...

...for their mutual aid and protection. It also guarantees to employees the right to refrain from sijch activities, except to the extent that such right may be affected by a union shop clause in a collective bargaining agreement as authorized by section 8 (a) (3).a Section...

...activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection; and such employes shall also have the right to refrain from any or all of such activities. 111.05 REPRESENTATIVES AND ELECTIONS. (1) Representatives chosen for the purposes of collective bargaining...