eight rings remain to which the prisoners were secured : one feels that his companions must have envied the one by the window. Above some of the rings the boards are burnt with the hot-iron used in torture. The door has a wooden lock, and is fastened by the wooden pegs which preceded the use of nails; it is a relic of Archbishop Sudbury's palace

facing the river, which was pulled down by Chicheley. From the roof of the chapel there is a noble view up the river, with the quaint tourelle of the Lollards' Tower in the foreground.

The gardens of Lambeth are vast and delightful. Their terrace is called "Clarendon's Walk" from a conference which there took place between Laud and the Earl of

Clarendon. The "summer-house of exquisite workmanship," built by Cranmer, has disappeared. A picturesque view may be obtained of Cranmer's Tower, with the Chapel and the Lollards' Tower behind it.

The worldly glory of the Archbishops has paled of late.

"Let us look, for instance, at the list of the officers of Cranmer's household. It comprised a steward, treasurer, comptroller, gamators, clerk of the kitchen, caterer, clerk of the spicery, yeoman of the ewery, bakers, pantlers, yeoman of the horse, yeomen ushers, butlers of wine and ale, larderers, squillaries, ushers of the hall, porters, ushers of the chamber, daily waiters in the great chamber, gentlemen ushers, yeomen of the chambers, marshal, groom ushers, almoners, cooks, chandlers, butchers, master of the horse, yeoman of the wardrobe, and harbingers. The state observed of course corresponded with such a retinue. There were generally three tables spread in the hall, and served at the same time, at the first of which sat the archbishop, surrounded by peers of the realm, privy-councillors, and gentlemen of the greatest quality; at the second, called the Almoner's table, sat the chaplains and all the other clerical guests below the rank of diocesan bishops and abbots; and at the third, or Steward's table, sat all the other gentlemen invited. Cardinal Pole had a patent from Philip and Mary to retain one hundred An interesting passage descriptive of the order observed in dining here in Archbishop Parker's time relates-'In the daily eating this was the custom: the steward, with the servants that were gentlemen of the better rank, sat down at the table in the hall on the right hand; and the almoners, with the clergy, and the other servants, sat on the other side, where there was plenty of all sorts of provision, both for eating and drinking. The daily fragments thereof did suffice to fill the bellies of a great number of poor hungry people that waited at the gate; and so constant and unfailing was this provision at my Lord's table, that whosoever came in either at dinner or supper, being not above the degree of a knight, might here be entertained worthy of his quality, either at the steward's or almoner's table. And moreover, it was the Archbishop's command to all his servants, that all strangers should be received and treated with all manner of civility and respect, and that places at the table should be assigned them according to their dignity and quality, which abounded much to the praise and commendation of the Archbishop. The discourse and conversation at meals

servants.

was void of all brawls and loud talking, and for the most part consisted in framing men's manners to religion, or to some other honest and beseeming subject. There was a monitor of the hall; and if it happened that any spoke too loud, or concerning things less decent, it was presently hushed by one that cried silence. The Archbishop loved hospitality, and no man showed it so much, or with better order, though he himself was very abstemious.'"-J. Saunders in C. Knight's

London.

"The grand hospitalities of Lambeth have perished," as Douglas Jerrold observes, "but its charities live."

A quarter of a mile above Lambeth Bridge is Doulton's Faience and Terra-Cotta Manufactory, built in the VenetianGothic style the peculiar red bricks having been made at Rowland's Castle in Hampshire and all the ornamental parts of the building having been executed in terra-cotta by Messrs. Doulton themselves. The chimney shaft for carrying off the smoke from the kilns has the effect of a campanile.

On the bank of the river above Lambeth is Vauxhall. The name dates from the marriage of Isabella de Fortibus, Countess of Albemarle, sister of Archbishop Baldwin, with Foukes de Brent, after which the place was called Foukeshall. It was given by the Black Prince to the Church of Canterbury. In the old manor-house, then called Copped Hall, Arabella Stuart was confined before her removal to the Tower.

Vauxhall Gardens were long a place of popular resort. They were laid out in 1661, and were at first known as the New Spring Gardens at Fox Hall, to distinguish them from the Old Spring Gardens at Whitehall. They were finally closed in 1859, and the site is now built over; but they will always be remembered from Sir Roger de Coverley's visit

to them in the Spectator,* and from the descriptions in Walpole's Letters and Fielding's "Amelia ;" and many will have pleasant recollections of "the windings and turnings in little wildernesses so intricate, that the most experienced mothers often lost themselves in looking for their daughters." t

* No. 383.

Tom Brown's "Amusements."

O'

CHAPTER X.,

CHELSEA.

PPOSITE Vauxhall, on the northern shore of the Thames, is Milbank Prison, built 1812, containing 1,550 cells. Its low towers with French conical roofs have given it the name of the "English Bastile." The Earls of Peterborough lived at Milbank, in Peterborough House, which afterwards belonged to the Grosvenors: in 1755, Richard, Earl Grosvenor, began to collect here the gallery of pictures which was moved to Grosvenor House in 1806.

Between Milbank Penitentiary and Vauxhall Bridge Road, adjoining a space where it is intended that a Roman Catholic Cathedral should one day arise, is Archbishop's House, the residence of the venerable ecclesiastic who is styled "Henry Edward, Cardinal Priest of the Holy Roman Church, by the title of St. Andrew and St. Gregory on the Coelian Hill, by the grace of God and the favour of the Apostolic See, Archbishop of Westminster." This is the centre of the great movement of the Westminster Diocesan Education Fund, by which 30,000 poor Roman Catholic children in London are being educated. On the altar of the private chapel are the mitre and maniple of St. Thomas à Becket.