over a strange confusion of obelisks, pyramids, crocodiles, shells, &c., and, at one end, a hydra. It is the monument of John Tradescant (1638) and his son, two of the earliest British naturalists. The elder was so enthusiastic a botanist that he joined an expedition against Algerine corsairs on purpose to get a new apricot from the African coast, which was thenceforth known as "the Algier Apricot."

His quaint medley of curiosities, known in his own time as "Tradeskin's Ark," was afterwards incorporated with the Ashmolean Museum.

"Lambeth envy of each band and gown" (Pope)

has been for more than 700 years the residence of the Archbishops of Canterbury, though the site of the present palace was only obtained by Archbishop Baldwin in 1197, when

he exchanged some lands in Kent for it with Glanville, Bishop of Rochester, to whose see it had been granted by the Countess Goda, sister of the Confessor. The former proprietorship of the Bishops of Rochester is still commemorated in Rochester Row, Lambeth, on the site of a house which was retained when the exchange was made, for their use when they came to attend Parliament. The Palace is full of beauty in itself and intensely interesting from its

associations. It is approached by a noble Gateway of red brick with stone dressings, built by Cardinal Moreton in 1490. It is here that the poor of Lambeth have received "the Archbishops' Dole" for hundreds of years. In ancient times a farthing loaf was given twice a week to 4,000 people.

Adjoining the Porter's Lodge is a room evidently once used as a prison. On passing the gate we are in the outer

court, at the end of which rises the picturesque Lollards' Tower built by Archbishop Chicheley, 1434-45 on the right is the Hall. A second gateway leads to the inner court, containing the modern (Tudor) palace, built by Archbishop Howley (1828-48), who spent the whole of his private fortune upon it rather than let Blore the architect be ruined by exceeding his contract to the amount of £30,000. On the left, between the buttresses of the hall, are the descendants of some famous fig-trees which were planted by Cardinal Pole.

The Hall was built by Archbishop Juxon in the reign of Charles II., on the site of the hall built by Archbishop Boniface (1244), which was pulled down by Scot and Hardyng the regicides, who purchased the palace when it was sold under the Commonwealth. Juxon's arms and the date 1663 are over the door leading to the palace. The stained window opposite contains the arms of many of the archbishops, and a portrait of Archbishop Chicheley.* Archbishop Bancroft, whose arms appear at the east end, turned the hall into a Library, and the collection of books which it contains has been enlarged by his successors, especially by Archbishop Secker, whose arms appear at the west end, and who bequeathed his library to Lambeth. Upon the death of Laud, the books were saved from dispersion through being claimed by the University of Cambridge, under the will of Bancroft, which provided that they should go to the University if alienated from the see they were restored by Cambridge to Archbishop Sheldon. The library contains a number of valuable MSS., the greatest treasure being a copy of Lord Rivers's

* The motto which surrounds it is misplaced, and belongs to Cranmer.

translation of the "Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers," with an illumination of the Earl presenting Caxton on his knees to Edward IV. Beside the King stand Elizabeth Woodville and her eldest son, and this, the only known portrait of Edward V., is engraved by Vertue in his Kings of England.

A glass-case contains-the Four Gospels in Irish, a volume which belonged to King Athelstan, and was given by him to the city of Canterbury; a copy of the Koran written by Sultan Allaruddeen Siljuky in the 15th century, taken in the Library of Tippoo Saib at Seringapatam ; the Lumley Chronicle of St, Alban's Abbey; Queen Elizabeth's Prayer-Book, with illuminations from Holbein's Dance of Death destroyed in Old St. Pauls ; an illuminated copy of the Apocalypse, of the 13th century; the Mazarine Testament, 15th century; and the rosary of Cardinal Pole.

A staircase, lined with portraits of the Walpole family, leads from the Library to the Guard Room, now the Dining Hall. It is surrounded by an interesting series of portraits of the archbishops from the beginning of the sixteenth century.*

William Warham (1504—1533); translated from London; Lord Chancellor. The picture, by Holbein, was presented to the archbishop by the artist, together with a small portrait of Erasmus, which is now lost. This portrait belonged to Archbishop Parker, and is appraised at £5 in the inventory of his goods.

Thomas Cranmer (1533-1555-6); Archdeacon of Taunton, first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury. Here (May 28, 1533) he declared and confirmed the marriage of Henry VIII. and Anne Boleyn, and here, three years later, “having God alone before his eyes," he said the marriage was and always had been null and void, in consequence of impediments unknown at the time of the union. On the accession of Mary, he was found guilty of high treason, for having

* Unfortunately not hung in their order.

declared for Lady Jane Grey: he was pardoned the treason, but was burnt for heresy at Oxford, March 21, 1555. His palace at Lambeth, says Gilpin, might be called a seminary of learned men; the greater part of whom persecution had banished from home. Here, among other reformers, Martyr, Bucer, Aless, and Phage, found sanctuary.

Reginald Pole (1556—1559); Dean of Exeter, Cardinal. Mary I. refurnished Lambeth for Cardinal Pole, who was her cousin and whom she frequently visited here: he died a few hours after her. Fuller narrates that he was chosen by a night council to succeed Paul III. as Pope, but that he refused to accept a deed of darkness, and the next day the cardinals had changed their minds, and elected Julius III.

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His youthful books were full of the flowers of rhetoric, whilst the withered stalks are only found in the writings of his old age, so dry their style, and dull their conceit."-Fuller's Worthies.

Matthew Parker (1559—1575); Dean of Lincoln. "A Parker indeed," says Fuller, "careful to keep the fences and shut the gates of discipline against all such night-stealers as would invade the same.”

Edmund Grindal (1575—1583); translated from York. He was a great favourer of the Puritans and fell into disgrace with Elizabeth, by his opposition to her commands with regard to the restriction of preachers, which he considered an infringement of his office.

John Whitgift (1583—1604); translated from Worcester. A strong opponent of Puritanism, though, says Hooker, "he always governed with that moderation, which useth by patience to suppress boldness."

Richard Bancroft (1604—1611); translated from London.

"A great statesman he was, and grand champion of Church discipline, having well hardened the hands of his soul, which was no more than needed for him who was to meddle with nettles and briars, and met with much opposition. No wonder if those who were silenced by him in the church were loud against him in other places.

"David speaketh of 'poison under men's lips.' This bishop tasted plentifully thereof from the mouths of his enemies, till at last (as Mithridates) he was so habited to poisons, they became food to him. Once a gentleman, coming to visit him, presented him a lyebell, which he found pasted on his dore, who, nothing moved thereat, 'Cast it,' said he, to a hundred more which lye here on a heap in my chamber." -Fuller's Worthies.

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George Abbot (1611-1633); translated from London. His fine portrait, of 1610, represents a "man of very morose manners and sour aspect which in that time was called gravity" (Clarendon). He owed