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ROYAL.

not only all future generations of men, but the work thought it dangerous to publish. The adGreat Judge of all the earth, will finally condemn dress appears to have been delivered about May, their measures as a scene of tyranny and murder. I 1776. It may be worthy of remark here, that the therefore conceive myself as having taken up arms declaration of independence is published in the in defence of innocence, justice, truth, honesty, same work, with many such blanks.] honor, liberty, property, and life; and in opposition to guilt, injustice, falsehood, dishonesty, ignominy, List of the forces on lake Champlain-October 1776. slavery, poverty, and death; not that I have any fondness for the bloody profession; not that I delight Ship Inflexible, lieut. Schank, 18 twelve poundin the carnage of my species; or sigh for an occa ers. Schooner Maria, lieut. Starke, 14 six poundsion of proving my courage: Heaven and you are ers. Schooner Carleton, lieutenant Dacres, 12 six my witnesses, that my voice was some time, per-pounders. Radeau Thunderer, lieut. Scott, 6 twenhaps too long, and with too much earnestness, ty-four, 6 twelve pounders, 2 howitzers. Gondola against any military preparations; but the times Loyal Convert, lieut. Longcroft, 7 nine pounders. are altered; 'tis a dreadful necessity that calls me, and calls every man who can be spared from his other occupations.

Twenty gun-boats, each a brass field piece, some twenty-fours to nines, some with howitzers. Four long boats, with each a carriage gun, serving as armed tenders. Twenty-four long boats with provisions.

CONTINENTAL.

Schooner Royal Savage, 8 six pounders, and 4 four pounders, burnt the 11th of October, at Valicour. Schooner Revenge, 4 six pounders, and fours, escaped to Ticonderoga the 13th October. Sloop

10 four pounders, escaped to ditto the 13th

I will not however fight as one who beateth the air. I speak plainly; I consider this year as the grand and final period of British administration in this American world; I see no probability of their proffering such terms as we can accept of consistently with our safety, honor, and peace; nay, should they grant all that our public councils have heretofore claimed, we should still be in a most dangerous situation, liable to renewed encroach- of October. Cutter Lee, 1 nine pounder in ber ments and renewed hostilities. What else can be bow; 1 twelve pounder in her stern, and 2 six pounsupposed from such a situation, and from the views, ders in her sides; abandoned the 13th of October. temper, and prejudices that must, and will, prevail Galley Congress, 2 eighteen pounders in her bow, in the British court and parliament: besides, who 2 twelve pounders in her stern, and 6 six pounders in that case will reimburse our losses; or how shall in her sides; run on shore and burnt the 13th of our public debts be paid? I do solemnly declare, October. Galley Washington, 1 eight and 1 twelve and that with respect to the best reconciliation pounder in her bow, 2 nine pounders in her stern, that can reasonably be expected, with so corrupt, and 6 six pounders in her sides; taken the 13th of treacherous, and tyrannical an administration, that October. Galley Trumbull, like the Washington, if I thought we should again revert to a dependence escaped to Ticonderoga the 13th October. Eight on Britain, I should, from this day, lay down my Gondolas, carrying 1 eight pounder in the bow, sword, and weep that I was born in America. But and 2 nine pounders in the sides; some of of these far other prospects are before us: glory, empire, had 4 guns in their sides—one taken the 12th, one liberty and peace, are, I am persuaded, unless we sunk the 11th, four burnt the 13th; one escaped, are lost to ourselves, very near at hand. And, on and one missing. Schooner -, taken from every consideration of the present state and pro- major Skeene, was gone for provisions. Galley gress of our public affairs, compared with the spirit Gates, expected to join them in a few days. of Britain, and the spirit, the interest, and the internal advantages of America, methinks, I hear a voice, as if an angel from Heaven should proclaim, "come out from among them, and be ye separate from them. Come out of her my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and ye receive not of her plagues."

The preceding is coped from Almon's Re. membrancer; we cannot supply the blanks. Words were used-no doubt, which the editor of that

A list of the seamen detached from his majesty's shipe and vessels in the river St. Lawrence, to serve an lake Champlain.

Isis, 100 seamen; Blonde, 70; Triton, 60; Garland, 30; Canceaux, 40; Magdalen, Brunswick, Gaspee 18 seamen each; Treasury, and armed brigs,

90 men each.

Province armed vessels-Fell, 30, lately wrecked; Charlotte, 9; volunteers from no ship, 9; ditto

from the transports, 214. Total, 670; exclusive of by ineffectual complaints and petitions for redress. 8 officers, and 19 petty officers.

SCARCITY OF SALT.

In convention for the state of Pennsylvania, Sáturday, August 24, 1776.

He enumerated the multitude of addresses from every part of Scotland for the blood of the Americans. He stated the general zeal and alacrity of that people in and out of parliament, and in Great Britain and America, for the destruction and subjugation of the colonies. He reminded them of the treachery and uncontrolable enmity of the Scotch against them, recently experienced in the provinces of New York, Virginia, and the Carolinas; where, in direct violation of every principle of gratitude, and of their faith expressly pledged, they had joined the enemy, and openly attempted, by taking up arms, to destroy the liberties of those who had generously guaranteed theirs.

To this, a southern delegate replied, after some

Whereas, it appears to this convention, upon due enquiry and information of the circumstances, that the salt now in this city, has been imported at low prices, and under moderate insurance. And whereas, divers persons, in contempt of the just and wholesome regulations of the committee, &c. of Philadelphia, under directions of congress, have continued to dispose of their salt at most exorbitant prices, to the great grievance and distress of their fellow subjects of this state: it is therefore resolved, That the said regulations be hereby confirmed, and all persons whatever, are hereby strict-general observations, nearly in the following words: ly enjoined to pay due obedience thereto. And It is impossible, sir, not to feel the justice of the the said committees are authorized and direct- honorable mover's zeal and resentment. The facts ed to seize, and take into their possession, the upon which they are founded, unhappily for husalt belonging to such persons as have refused, or manity, are not to be denied. I myself stand here shall refuse, conformity to the regulations so es- as one of the representatives of the colony, which tablished: or shall altogether withhold, or refuse has experienced every effort of Scotch violence, to sell their salt during the continuance of such perfidy, and ingratitude. They petitioned to be regulations, allowing to the said persons, upon the protected in a neutrality during these unhappy sale thereof, the fixed and settled prices, first de-commotions. They pledged their faith, in the most ducting the expenses incurred upon the sale.

And whereas, it is but reasonable that every part of this extensive state should be accommodated, as nearly as may be, with their proportion of this ar ticle, so justly esteemed a necessary of life:

solemn manner, that they would not aid or inform those who might appear in arms against us. Upon these terms, neutrality was indulged; protection was given them. They enjoyed it till our enemies appeared, and instantly took up arms for our destruction. That Providence, in whom the justice Be it resolved, That the committee of Philadel- of our cause inspires confidence, enabled us to dephia are hereby farther directed to distribute the feat their purposes. They remained, in consesalt, that may, as aforesaid, come into their pos-quence, at our mercy; yet we exercised no greater session, in equal quantities in the several counties, act of severity, than that which was unavoidable having regard to the reputed number of the inha--the obliging them to quit a colony, to which it bitants contained in the said counties. was plain they were irreclaimably hostile.

Extract from the minutes,

JOHN MORRIS, Jun. Sec.

Fragment of a speech in the general congress of Ame rica-1776. [Names of the speakers unknown.] Upon a motion to resolve, 'That all Scotch prisoners be treated with the utmost severity, as the rancorous abettors of this inhuman war, which has originated in Scotch principles, and from Scotch

councils:'

In the other colonies, they have manifested a similarly unprincipled enmity and rancour against the lives and liberties of a people, who, in a peculiar manner, have been profitable to them, and to their country. As they have thus distinguished themselves for ingratitude and hostility to us, they seem to merit a severity of treatment as distinguished.

But, sir, let us remember, that we are engaged The mover of this resolution prefaced and en-in a general war. Not in a war with Scotland, forced it by a review of public transactions, both but with Great Britain. To general objects, generespecting England and America, since the com-ral rules are applicable. Such a selection for semencement of the present reign. He shewed they verity, would savor more of the vengeance of inhad been a series of violent grievances, followed dividuals, than of public justice. We are contend

ing in the noblest cause that can enlarge and exalt to suppose our cause did not continue to rise.the human heart. Let the magnanimity of our The complete triumph of liberty, undoubtedly conduct be proportioned to the nobleness of our draws nearer every hour. When we review the pursuits. We are now forming a national charac-state of America, and that of our enemy, we behold ter. Spite of the misrepresentations of our ene eminent and growing advantages on the part of our mies, the truth will at length prevail. Like the country. The valor and discipline of our troops glorious sun, it will be more splendid from the are constantly improving, as every late action with cloud that has obscured it. Let us then take care, the enemy testifies; this circumstance, considered that, when it does come forth, it may be the won- with that of our superior numbers, affords a bright der of nations. Let us mould it; not on the de- prospect of success. It was always supposed, that merits of our enemies, but on our own dignity.the enemy would have the greatest advantage in Let generosity, justice, and humanity, be the illus- the beginning of the war, and it must be acknowtrious characteristics of the states of America.

He ended with these lines from Cæsar's speech, in Sallust:

ledged, (with gratitude to Heaven) that they have done much less, and our success has been much greater, than might have been expected. At this period, we have so many experienced men of tried

Item bellis punicis omnibus, cum sæpe Cartha-valor, such magazines of warlike stores, such a giniensis et in pace, et per inducias, multa nefaria facinora fecissent, nunquam majores nostri, per occasionem talia fecere; magis quid se dignum foret, quamquid in illis jure fieri posset, quærebant. lloc idem providendum est, patres conscripti, ne plus valeat apud vos, Publii Lentuli et cæterorum scelus, quam vestra dignitas; neu magis iræ quam

famæ consulatis.

The motion was immediately rejected.

- INSURANCE.

London, Nov. 1776.-The great number of captures, raised the insurance on vessels homeward bound, from the West Indies, to twenty-three per cent. The losses upon the West India trade, amount, at this time, to sixty-six per cent. viz.

Insurance,

1.23

Fall in price of rum and sugars, owing to
the North American demand being cut 11
off.

One fourth of the ships taken,
Delays to market,

25

7

1.66

New London, (Con.) Aug. 23, 1776.-By means of the great number of prizes carried into the dif.

military system formed, such a disciplined militia, (as no other nation can produce), and such an union and fervor of spirit in support of the righteous cause of our country, as must damp the malevolent spirit of our enemies, and give vigor to every vir tuous mind. When we survey our naval department, such are our preparations, such our amazing progress in fitting out armed vessels, and so wonderful our success in taking the ships, the persons, and the riches of the enemy, that even our antagonists are almost ready to exclaim, "God is on that side!"

Another happy circumstance in our favor, is the fruitful season and plentiful harvest with which Heaven hath blessed our country. In truth, so numerous are the favors of Providence, and so encouraging our prospect of success, that we have much greater cause for thanksgiving than for petitioning; and it is unmanly, unchristian, and unworthy of any free mind, to discover the least degree of timidity. Our difficulties and sufferings, in supporting the great cause of liberty, have been little, if comPared with what other nations have suffered in de. fence of their freedom. The Switzers fought sixty battles in defending their liberties, and finally, drove all the murdering tyrants out of their country, set up independent states, and have flourished BOSTON, Nov. 14, 1776. in freedom to this day, in spite of all the tyrants in To the Independent Sons in Massachusetts state. Europe. They are a striking proof of the superior "Our bless'd forefathers,” is the grateful sound, virtue and strength of a free people, for their whole From age to age, the world will echo round! country is not larger than the Massachusetts state, And every future tongue that speaks your name, not half so fruitful, nor any ways comparable for Will brighten the hours with your growing fame. happiness of situation, and commercial advantages. Our losses this year are small, when compared What then may not the United States of America with the advantages we have gained, and it would accomplish? We may rationally suppose, upon a be extreme folly, even in the weakest American, survey of the present state of all nations, that these

ferent ports of this continent, Jamaica rum is sold at 4s. 4d. per gallon, by the hogshead; and sugar at five dollars per hundred weight, in Boston.

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The tyrants of Britain, and he abject slaves whom they can hire, are all the eneb we have to encounter; the rest of the world will be r friends. As we wish to injure no people, other nations will naturally be our friends, some from interest, and others, whose interest is no ways concerned, from motives of humanity. As America! is so very extensive, capable of supporting so many millions of inhabitants, more than she has at present; and as the virtuous part of mankind love freedom, they will transplant themselves from the slavish dominions of Europe, to this land of liberty, whereby the industry, the virtue, and the wis dom of the world will centre in these free and independent states. Such being our field of hope, such our prospect of happiness, not only for ourselves, but for millions of others, by what name shall we call that folly which would abate your ardor, and discourage your efforts, to maintain the entire independence of America?

The following was thought to be a pretty accurate

state of the provincial forces in May, 1776. In Canada, 9000 continental troops; commanded by major general Sullivan, and brigadiers Arnold and Wadkle. The generals Schuyler and Wooster are at Albany, with a body of militia, number not exactly known.

At New York, 12,000 continental, troops 11,000 militia, and the Jersey brigade consisting of 3300 commanded by general Washington, major gene rals Putnam, and Gates, and brigadiers Heath, Green, lord Sterling, Waterbury, and Mercer.

EXPENSE OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENTAL ARMY. STAFF [STERLING MONEY.}

Commander in chief, general
Washington, (for table)

In Jersey and Pennsylvania, a flying camp of 10,000 men, commanded by brigadiers Mifflin, Deau, and

Johnson.

In Virginia, 8000 continental troops. In North Carolina 4000 ditto. South Carolina 1000 ditto. Commanded by major general Lee, brigadiers Armstrong, Howe, Moore, and Lewis.

At Boston, 2000 continental troops, commanded by major general Ward, and brigadier general Spencer.

By this account there were 36,000 continental troops, and 24,300 militia, ready for, and in the field; but there are 20,000 more of the militia, the stations of which are not exactly known. In all above 80,000 men.

per diem. 1. s. d.

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4 Aids-de-camp, 4s. 6d. each 1 Ajant general,

1 Quarter master general,
1 Assistant quarter master
general,

1 Pay master general,
6 Majors brigade, 4s 6d.
Secretary to commander
in chief
Directors of hospitals,

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1 4

4692

12

2 9 6

18

512 6

9 18

9 18 1 16

116

19

1 17 6

1 4

1 4 1 16

8 8 5

41 17 0

40 10

60 Colonels, 13s. 6d. 60 Lieutenant colonels, 9s. 27 18 60 M jors, 6s. 540 Captains, 4s. 6d. 1080 Lieutenants, 3s. 540 Ensigns, 2s. 2160 Serjeants, 1s. 3d. 2160 Corporals, 1s. 1d. 540 Drums, 1s. 1d. and 540 fifes, ls. 1d.

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121 10

162

54

135

117

58 10 1530

2263 10

2313 8 6

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Watertown, Nov. 20.

A PROCLAMATION FOR A PUBLIC THANKSGIVING.

And to offer up humble and fervent prayers to Almighty God, for the whole British empire; es

would bless our civil rulers, and lead them into

wise and prudent measures, at this dark and diffi

destruction might come upon our frontiers, have been almost miraculously defeated; that our unAlthough, in consequence of the unnatural, cru-natural enemies, instead of ravaging the country el, and barbarous measures, adopted and pursued with uncontroled sway, are confined within such by the British administration, great and distressing narrow limits, to their own mortification and discalamities are brought upon our distressed countress, environed by an American army, brave and try, and in this colony in particular; we feel the determined;-that such a band of union, founded dreadful effects of a civil war, by which, America upon the best principles, unites the American cois stained with the blood of her valiant sons, who lonies,-that our rights and privileges, both civil have bravely fallen in the laudable defence of our and religious, are so far preserved to us, notwithrights and privileges; our capital, once the seat of standing all the attempts of our barbarous enemies justice, opulence and virtue, is unjustly wrested to deprive us of them. from its proper owners, who are obliged to flee from the iron hand of tyranny, or held in the unrelenting arms of oppression; our seaports great-pecially for the united American colonies:—That He ly distressed, and towns burnt by the foes who have acted the part of barbarous incendiaries.And, although the wise and Holy Governor of the cult day; that He would endow our general court world has, in his righteous Providence, sent droughts with all that wisdom which is profitable to direct; into this colony, and wasting sickness into many that He would graciously smile upon our endeavors of our towns, yet we have the greatest reason to to restore peace, preserve our rights and priviadore and praise the Supreme Disposer of events, leges, and hand them down to posterity; that He who deals infinitely better with us than we deserve; would give wisdom to the American congress, and amidst all his judgments, hath remembered equal to their important station; that He would dimercy, by causing the voice of health again to be rect the generals, and the American armies, wher heard amongst us; instead of famine, affording to ever employed, and give them success and victory; an ungrateful people a competency of the neces- that He would preserve and strengthen the harmosaries and comforts of life; in remarkably preserv-ny of the united colonies; that He would pour out ing and protecting our troops, when in apparent his spirit upon all orders of men, through the land, danger, while our enemies, with all their boasted bring us to a hearty repentance and reformation; skill and strength, have met with loss, disappoint-purify and sanctify all His churches; that he would ment, and defeat;—and, in the course of his good make ours, Emanuel's land; that He would spread Providence, the Father of all Mercies, hath be the knowledge of the Redeemer through the whole stowed upon us many other favors, which call for earth, and fill the world with his glory. our grateful acknowledgments:

And all servile labor is forbidden on said day. Given under our hands, at the council chamber, in Watertown, the fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five.

By their honors command,

PEREZ MORTON, Dep. Sec.

Benjamin Lincoln,
Michael Farley,

Therefore-We have thought fit, with the advice of the council and house of representatives, to appoint Thursday, the 23d of November, instant, to be observed as a day of public thanksgiving, throughout this colony; hereby calling upon ministers and people, to meet for religious worship on the said day, and devoutly to offer up their unfeigned, praises to Almighty God, the source and benevolent bestower of all good, for his affording the necessary means of subsistence, though our commerce has been prevented, and the supplies from the fishery denied us;-that such a measure of bealth is enjoyed among us; that the lives of our officers and soldiers have been so remarkably pre- The following test passed the assembly of Massaserved, while our enemies have fallen before them;

that the vigorous efforts, which have been used to)

James Otis,
Walter Spooner,
Caleb Cushing,
Joseph Whitcomb,
Jedidiah Foster,
James Prescott,
Eldad Taylor,

Joseph Palmer,
Samuel Holten,
Jabez Fisher,
Moses Gill,
Benjamin White.

GOD SAVE THE PEOPLE.

chusetts in 1776.

"We the subscribers do each of us severally

excite the savage vengeance of the wilderness, for ourselves profess, testify and declare, before and rouse the Indians to arms, that an unavoidable God and the world, that we verily believe that

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