CHAPTER XVIII.

Offers of employment in Russia Progress at Soho

granted in France Jary and Perrier

-

M. de Prony - Visits

to Cornwall Introduction of the new steam-engines - Patent

of 1780 for copying-machine — Machine for drying linen by steam

Patent of 1781 - "Sun and planet wheels”. Patent of 1782

Expansive principle - Double-acting engine - Double or com-

pound engine

-

Page

. 262

CHAPTER XIX.

--

Steam Tilt-hammer Patent of 1784 Parallel Motion Loco-

motive Steam-carriages Counter Throttle-valve Governor

Steam barometer or float Steam-gauge Indicator Most

inventive period of Mr. Watt's life — Death of his father — Patent

of 1785 Consumption of smoke

-

291

CHAPTER XX.

-

-

-

History of the Discovery of the Composition of Water - Mr. Watt's

study of chemistry State of that science previous to 1783

Black and Priestley - Macquer Volta - Warltire Caven-

dish Drew no conclusion from his experiments Lavoisier

His knowledge of the experiments of Cavendish, and of the con-

clusions of Watt

-

CHAPTER XXI.

-

Mr. Watt's examination of Dr. Priestley's experiments in March and

April, 1783 — His conclusions as to the Composition of Water

His letter to Dr. Priestley Delay in reading it before the Royal

Society Known to Cavendish, Blagden, and Lavoisier, in 1783

Cavendish's paper of January, 1784 - Apparent plagiarism ·

Curious double typographical errors Blagden's Letter to Crell,

1786

CHAPTER XXII.

--

Arguments of the advocates of Cavendish Their groundlessness

Priority of Watt maintained during his lifetime - Opinions of

philosophers since his death - Dr. Henry Sir Humphry Davy

Lord Brougham Arago Dumas · Berzelius

Brewster

of justice

-

-

- Sir David

Lord Jeffrey - Liebig - Mr. Watt's scrupulous sense

His acquaintance with Cavendish Festivities of

327

357

Dr. Darwin

CHAPTER XXIII.

Proposed uniformity of weights and measures - The Lunar Society

Priestley Riots at Birmingham - Mr. Watt's

Journey to Paris at the request of the French Government

-

-

-

-

Machine of Marly — Bleaching by chlorine- Infringements of

steam-engine Patents Trials at law Parties to the actions -

Arguments against and for the validity of the patent of 1769 —

Nature of the evidence J. Bramah and T. Tredgold -

in favour of the patentees

clusively established ..

-

Verdicts

Validity of the patent of 1769 con-

CHAPTER XXIV.

Termination of the patent-privilege of 1769 and 1775 - And of the

original partnership of Boulton and Watt Continuance and in-

crease of their steam-engine business - Attempted robbery -

Assistants at Soho William Murdock, his life, services, and

inventions — Mr. Watt in his old age Pneumatic medicines

Foundation of Prize in Glasgow College Library at Greenock

Page

389

Steam Navigation - Its origin and progress - Paddle-wheels - Early

Steam-boats Papin, Hulls, Miller, Symington, Fulton, Henry

Bell, &c.

Mr. James Watt, junior - His voyage in the "Cale-

donia,” in 1817, to Germany, Belgium, and Holland — H.M.S.

the "James Watt " - Naval Review in 1856 Locomotive

Steam-carriages Mr. Watt's Patent, and Mr. Murdock's model,

of 1784 — Mr. Watt's views of locomotion on land by steam

Edgeworth's suggestion of a railroad Latin epigram

Gravimeter Caoutchouc tubes Arithmetical ma-

chine Articulated water-pipe — Machine for copying sculpture

Its gradual progress, and its performances - Dates and extracts

from MSS. concerning it — Intended specification of a patent for

its invention Relative drawings Time employed in its opera-

tions - Perfection of the work done-Later processes of a similar

kind

Shrievalty of Staffordshire and Radnorshire

Saxon - Political sentiments

Characteristics of Mr. Watt's conversation and friendly counsels-

Revisal of Robison 'On Steam' - Edgeworth's proposal of a tun-

nel across the Menai Strait

462

481

--

CHAPTER XXVIII.

-

-

-

Page

Mr. Watt in old age-

Madame

His portraiture by Sir Walter Scott -

Rumford Thomas Campbell Loss of friends by their prede-

cease Robison, Black, Withering, Darwin Particulars of the

death of Dr. Black - Gregory Watt - Robison, Beddoes, Boulton,

Patrick Wilson, De Luc - Mr. Watt's own last illness — And

death Offer of a Baronetcy Monuments to his memory

Westminster Abbey-Handsworth Church - Glasgow-Greenock

- Lord Jeffrey's character of him - Portraits, Statues, and Busts 509

-

No. II.-Historical note on the Discovery of the theory of the Compo-

sition of Water. By the Right Hon. Henry Lord Brougham, F.R.S.,

and Member of the National Institute of France

539

544

No. III. Summary of the history of the progress towards the Dis-

covery of the Composition of Water, and of the Discovery itself.. 555

INDEX

559

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

ENGRAVING ON STEEL.

PORTRAIT OF JAMES WATT, DRAWN AND ENGRAVED BY EDWARD
FINDEN, FROM THE BUST BY SIR FRANCIS CHANTREY

ENGRAVINGS ON COPPER.

..

Frontispiece.

MEDAL OF MATTHEW BOULTON, BY PIDGEON; STRUCK AT THE

SOHO MINT: OBVERSE. LEGEND, "MATTHAEUS BOULTON." IN-

SCRIPTION ON EDGE, “PATRIS AMICIS M. R. B. c10.10.ccc.xvIII.”

ENGRAVED BY C. CHABOT

To face page

MEDAL OF THE LATE SIR FRANCIS CHANTREY, R.A., BY W.

WYON: REVERSE; STATUE OF JAMES WATT: LEGEND, "Watt.

"FRANCISCI CHANTREY OPUS." ENGRAVED BY C. CHABOT.

To face page

MEDAL OF MATTHEW BOULTON, BY PIDGEON; STRUCK AT THE

SOHO MINT: REVERSE. INSCRIPTION, WITHIN A WREATH OF

LAUREL, “INVENTAS AUT QUI VITAM EXCOLUERE PER ARTIS."

ENGRAVED BY J. BATE

Tailpiece. To face page

174

536

558

FAC-SIMILE WOODCUTS.

(BY BRANSTON.)

No.

1. MACHINE FOR DRAWING IN PERSPECTIVE, INVENTED AND CON-

STRUCTED BY MR. WATT IN 1765

2. EDGE VIEW OF DO. WITH SCALE

Page

..

3. PAPIN'S CONTRIVANCE FOR PRODUCING A VACUUM BY THE

CONDENSATION OF STEAM:-(FROM THE 'ACTA ERUDITORUM

'LIPSIE' FOR 1690)

4. 5. SQUARE PISTON; AND CIRCULAR PISTON, PACKED WITH RINGS

OF CLOTH

6. CIRCULAR PISTON, PACKED WITH COLLARS OF CLOTH

7. APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE PRESSURE AND CONSUMP-

TION OF STEAM

.. 167

.. 168

.. 168

169

8. "TESTUDO" BOILER; THE GRATE FORMED OF HOLLOW TUBES

FILLED WITH WATER

No.

9. DOUBLE EXHAUSTING CYLINDERS, CONDENSERS, and PIPES

10. ALTERATION ON CONDENSER

11. FURTHER ALTERATION ON CONDENSER WITH DOUBLE PUMP

AND BEAM

....

12. ORGAN-PIPE CONDENSER

13. BEAM, WITH CRANK AND DOUBLE PUMP

Page

176

187

189

192

193

14. "SPIRAL OAR," OR SCREW-Propeller; "HAVE YOU EVER

CONSIDERED A SPIRAL OAR FOR THAT PURPOSE, OR ARE YOU

FOR 2 WHEELS?" (30TH SEPTEMBER, 1770)

15. CROSS-HAIRS OF MICROMETER INVENTED AND USED BY MR.

WATT IN 1770-72

229

16. SECTION OF PRISMATIC MICROMETER INVENTED AND CON-
STRUCTED BY MR. WATT ABOUT THE SAME DATE

17. A THIRD SPECIES OF MICROMETER INVENTED BY MR. WATT

IN 1772 OR 1773 ..

18. VIEW OF CENOTAPH, ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF DR. WILLIAM
SMALL, IN MB. BOULTON'S GROUNDS AT SOHO ..

232

22. ANOTHER NEW EQUALISING BEAM, WITH ROLLER WORKING ON

A CURVE

23. 24. TWO OTHER NEW EQUALISING BEAMS

25. SKETCH OF THE FIRST IDEA OF THE PARALLEL MOTION
26. WORKING MODEL OF A LOCOMOTIVE STEAM-ENGINE MADE BY
MR. WILLIAM MURDOCK IN 1784
27. AXLE OF ROTATIVE MOVEMENT, AND OF STEAM-CARRIAGE 451
28. SECOND OF FOUR PLANS FOR A LAMP WITH THE RESERVOIR FOR

..

OIL BELOW, AND THE STEM OF ANY GIVEN HEIGHT

32. INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF

LIQUIDS..

466

TYPOGRAPHICAL FACSIMILE.

ERRONEOUS TITLE-PAGE PREFIXED TO THE SEPARATE COPIES OF MR.

CAVENDISH'S' EXPERIMENTS ON AIR,' (READ BEFORE THE ROYAL

SOCIETY, JANUARY 15, 1784)

To face page 344