The chair of Latin has been filled by Dr. J. S. Murray, who left the profession of the law to devote himself to classical study. He pursued his studies at Johns Hopkins University, under the guidance of Dr. Gildersleeve, subsequently at the universities of Gottingen, Leipsic, and Berlin. At the last named he passed four years in an advanced course of study in classical philology.

Dr. E. W. Davis, who takes the chair of mathematics and astronomy, is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin, and Doctor of Philosophy at Johns Hopkins.

The arrangements made for the development of the scientific department show a determination on the part of the trustees to keep in line with the rapid advance of science in the South. The chairs of botany and zoology, of agriculture, and of analytical chemistry have all been filled by men who have had exceptional opportunities for study and research in their specialties, and who come to the university with established reputations. A chair of pedagogics has been established, to which the trustees have called Dr. E. E. Sheib, of Baltimore. This gentleman took the degrees of M. A. and Ph. D. at Heidelberg, and will undoubtedly exercise a great influence upon the teachers of the South through his conduct of his department of the university.

The development of South Carolina College for some time past has been largely in the direction of applied science. The mechanical department is very well equipped, and it is hoped that under the university organization the material appliances will be greatly increased. The trustees appeal to the Legislature and to the friends of learning in the State to follow up the work so auspiciously begun by the pecuniary appropriations necessary for its maintenance upon the same plane.

The several departments of the newly organized university, from which returns have been received, are tabulated in this Report as follows: The college of liberal arts, Table 49; Claflin University, Table 55; the law school, Table 67.

TENNESSEE.

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, has elected Prof. F. L. Scribner, of the Agricultural Department, Washington, to fill its chair of botany and horticulture; Prof. H. E. Summers, of Cornell University, to the chair of zoology and entomology; and Prof. William E. Stone, of Gottingen, Germany, to be chemist at the Tennessee experiment station. All these are said to have accepted the positions offered, and will, doubtless, inspire the university with new life.

Bishop H. N. McTyeire, chancellor of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, reports the completion of a new building for law and dental departments, erected in the central part of the city, and a new building for mechanical engineering in the college campus. The latter affords provision for the improvement and enlargement of the department specified, for which purpose, and the increase of the library, the university has received during the year from William C. Vanderbilt, of New York, a gift of thirty thousand dollars. At their annual meeting, June 15, 1887, the trustees of the university resolved to discontinue all classes below the regular collegiate department. The maintenance of such classes, at first a necessity from the lack of good preparatory schools, is no longer deemed necessary. The trustees also appointed a committee to report on the advisability of admitting young women to equal privileges with young men.

Carson College, Mossy Creek, has recently opened a department of systematic theology in the interests of young men wishing to prepare themselves for the Christian ministry, but who can not conveniently attend a theological school.

Fisk University, Nashville, has made a good beginning in securing the necessary apparatus for illustrating the various branches of natural science. Laboratory work in elementary chemistry and mineralogy is now systematized and established, and it is hoped that similar opportunities may soon be afforded students in physics, elementary anatomy, and physiology, and eventually in astronomy.

A convenient and ample room contains a well arranged collection of over three thousand specimens in natural history, geology, mineralogy, and ethnology.

The reorganization of Grant Memorial University, Athens, has enabled the trustees to greatly strengthen the faculty and to offer courses of study equal to the high and wellbalanced standards adopted by the first-class schools of our country and demanded by the culture and practical tendencies of the age. Beside important revision of the courses in liberal arts. philosophy, and science, a new department has been established with full courses in technical science. These courses have been carefully prepared with special reference to laying a broad, substantial foundation of technical and general knowledge, necessary for the successful prosecution of all the agricultural, mechanical, and scientific professions. They will be open this year to all students prepared to enter the Freshman classes.

The professional departments have been materially strengthened and the courses of study carefully revised.

During the past year very large additions have been made to the facilities of the natural science department, and the classes have had the benefit of practical instruction in

all branches of physical science and natural history. Apparatus and material costing over three thousand dollars have been procured and conveniently arranged for systematic use.

The new edifice for Hiwassee College is beautifully finished but not fully furnished. New halls have been fitted for the literary societies; the old halls, now used for recitation purposes, making more room-a necessity long needed.

The University of the South Sewanee, reports encouraging prospects in the number of students and the increasing facilities for study. The new gymnasium and chapter house is a substantial stone structure. Other new buildings are contemplated.

TEXAS.

In their report for 1888 to the Governor of the State, the regents of the University of Texas present a complete statement of the condition and needs of the institution, of which the following is a brief résumé.

The endowment consists of bonds, land notes, and lands. The present value of the bonds held in trust by the State is $549,300, yielding an annual interest of $33,267,

The land notes held in trust by the State show a total of $68,120.50 unpaid balance, on which the annual interest is $4,636.11.

From first to last the university has received grants of land as follows: By act of Congress approved January 26, 1839, fifty leagues; one million acres set apart by the constitution of 1876; and one million appropriated by act approved April 10, 1833. The greater part of the original fifty leagues has been sold and converted into bonds and land notes; of the first grant of one million acres, 12, 480 acres have been sold and 92,157 acres are under lease; of the second million acres none has been leased or sold.

"This," the regents observe, "is an unsatisfactory showing, and they urge that it is desirable to put those lands as fast possible in such a shape that an income may be derived from them. This they believe can be most readily done by placing the sale and lease of the lands in the hands of the regents." In support of this view they urge the fact that every other State which maintains a State university has turned over the lands appropriated for its support to the university authorities.

As regards the present condition of the university there is pressing need for funds for the completion of the building; for the equipment and strengthening of chairs already established in the academic department; for the creation of additional chairs; for the expansion of the law department, and for the organization of the medical department. As the present income of the university, viz, $44,919.39, is totally inadequate for these purposes, the regents ask an annual appropriation from the State until the fund from the endowment shall suffice to maintain the university on the basis originally contemplated. Twenty thousand dollars per year for several years would enable the university to bridge over what threatens to be a crisis in its history, and enable it to grow in strength and usefulness; and for this amount, therefore, the regents ask.

The South-western University, Georgetown, opened a new department for the accommodation and education of young ladies in 1878. "The prosperity of the enterprise and the increasing demand for a regular boarding department for young ladies have resulted in the erection of a complete female college building, with every facility and appliance for the higher education of women.'

VERMONT.

The University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, Burlington, has a choice and extensive library containing twenty-three thousand seven hundred volumes, beside the eleven thousand seven hundred and seventy-five volumes that form the library of the late George P. Marsh, a collection of the highest value in the departments of philology, European literature and history, and physical geography. This collection is the gift of the Hon. Frederick Billings, of Woodstock. The library has now been carefully arranged by subjects, on the Dewey system, and accession and shelf catalogues have been written. A card catalogue on the dictionary plan is in progress, six thousand eight hundred and twenty cards having been prepared.

The commodious and beautiful "Billings Library," in which the books are stored, was erected at a cost of $115,000. The apse, in which the Marsh collection is at present shelved, having become desirable as a reference and reading room, Mr. Billings this year generously increased his gift to $150,000 by providing for the Marsh library an additional room even more elegantly appointed than the main building. The library is open seven hours a day for consulting and drawing books. The reading room is supplied with all the leading scientific and literary periodicals. Persons not connected with the university have free use of the books for consultation, and, on special permission from the president, are allowed to take them home. Students of the university, as residents of the city, have also use of the Fletcher Free Library, a choice collection of over seventeen thousand volumes, for loan and reference, which is open daily."

VIRGINIA.

The colleges of Virginia stand deservedly high for the scholarly attainments of their professors and the high standards of their literary and ethical courses. The University of Virginia may claim to have taken the lead in this country in according full recognition to the physical sciences, but the colleges of the State have been less favored than those of other States in respect to funds for the development of scientific departments. The general failure of the colleges of Virginia to report the value of their scientific apparatus (see Table 49, Column 31) is calculated, however, to give an exaggerated idea of their deficiency in this respect.

The scientific equipment of the University of Virginia is very complete and valuable. Since 1866 the following schools have been established: The School of Applied Mathematics, created first as an adjunct to the School of Mathematics, and subsequently as an independent school; the School of Analytical Industrial and Agricultural Chemistry; the School of Agriculture, Zoology, and Botany; the School of Practical Astronomy, in connection with the Leander McCormick Observatory; the School of Natural History and Geology, and the School of English Language and Literature.

The School of Agriculture, Zoology, and Botany has an endowment of one hundred thousand dollars derived from the liberality of Samuel Miller, Esq. The endowment of the School of Natural History and Geology, amounting to fifty thousand dollars, was the gift of Mr. W. W. Corcoran.

From this brief outline it will be seen that the university is well prepared to meet the requirements imposed by the advance in scientific knowledge and in the application of science to the industrial arts.

Emory and Henry College, Emory, reports that funds are being raised for the erection of a science hall, which will probably be completed during the present year. It will contain a laboratory, chemical and philosophical lecture rooms, and cabinet of minerals, and will greatly increase the facilities for science instruction. A gymnasium is also being erected in the college campus.

The gifts and bequests of Cyrus H. McCormick, Esq., to Washington and Lee University, amounting to forty thousand dollars, have been applied to the endowment of the "McCormick" professorship of natural philosophy.

The professorship of applied chemistry is established upon a fund of $42,600, the bequest of Robert H. Bayley, Esq., of New Orleans, La., who died in 1872. The university has a fine museum of natural history and an excellent collection of scientific works in its library. Substantial additions have lately been made to the scientific apparatus. Richmond College, Richmond, celebrated, September 22, 1887, the formal opening of the new museum and art hall, a memorial of James Thomas, Jr., the constant friend and benefactor of the college. Mr. Thomas's family have given ten thousand dollars to found "The Thomas Museum Lecture Endowment," the income of which is to be used annually in securing a course of lectures on subjects relating to science, to philosophy, or to art.

WEST VIRGINIA.

The University of West Virginia, Morgantown, includes a preparatory school, the usual courses of collegiate study, the classical and scientific, a military department, a law school, leading to the degree of bachelor of laws; a school of civil engineering. The current catalogue reports a school of engineering established by the board of regents June, 1887.

WISCONSIN.

Dr. Thomas Chowder Chamberlin entered upon the presidency of the University of Wisconsin at the beginning of the scholastic year 1887-88. Notwithstanding an advance in the entrance requirements the attendance exceeded that of 1886-87. The president's report presents comparative statistics of the attendance upon the different colleges and courses, as shown by the classification of students for 1886-87 and 1887-88 and for the first term of 1888-89, with the design of showing the intellectual tendencies of the university. From this analysis it appears that the humanity courses take precedence of the physical science course.

On the basis of unit exercises a week their relative position is as follows:

Among other indications of the growth and vigor of the university must be noted the establishment of new courses and departments.

Pre-medical course.-At the request of the Wisconsin State Medical Society a course in science, with collateral branches, is arranged especially for those contemplating the study of medicine and surgery.

Normal graduate course.-To bring the university into better working relationship with the State normal schools and to offer their graduates facilities for extending their studies advantageously, two special courses, admitting of a large measure of modification by election, have been framed and offered by the university, and have already been selected by a sufficient number of normal school graduates to indicate that the provision meets a real educational want.

Pre-legal and pre-journalistic courses.—A two years' course of study had previously been offered for the accommodation of those contemplating the study of law or journalism. This has been developed into a group of courses, intended to constitute the work of the Junior and Senior years and to be based upon the work of the Freshman and Sophomore years of the classical and English courses. The courses thus contemplate a higher and broader culture than before, and are intended to enable students to secure the chief objects sought in a college course while at the same time they are definitely preparing the way for their future professional study.

Additional languages.-Three additional languages have been offered, namely, Sanscrit, Italian, and Spanish, and classes have been formed in all.

New departments.-A chair of experimental and comparative psychology has been established, and a laboratory is being fitted up for this new and important line of research.

The gymnasium building of Racine College, Racine, an ample structure containing all necessary apparatus for healthful exercise, as well as a thoroughly furnished laboratory and art studio, was unfortunately destroyed by fire on the night of February 14, 1888. The friends of the college immediately rallied for its relief, and funds are being rapidly supplied for the restoration of the building. The loss to the college, it is stated, could not be replaced by twenty thousand dollars, although the commercial value would not permit a greater than five thousand five hundred dollars insurance on the building and contents.

The prospect for a complete restoration of the building, with enlargements, is already so flattering that the trustees of the college have begun the work of securing material, and it is expected to have the new building in readiness for occupancy by the opening of the Christmas term.