"It (the Pontus Euxinus) was formerly called axenus, from Ashkenary, the son of Gomer, who settled on its shores in Asia Minor. But this original being forgotten in course of time, the Greeks explained the term by agevos, inhospitalis, in which they were favoured by the inhospitable and stormy nature of the sea itself, as well as by the savage manners of the people who dwelled around it; in the course of time, however, when their ferocity had been gradually softened by intercourse with foreign nations, and by the numerous colonies which had been planted on their coasts, the name of the sea was changed to evέeivos, hospitalis. Black Sea, has been obtained from the gloomy appearance of its black and rocky shores, covered with dark and impenetrable woods, as well as from the dreadful storms and thick fogs with which it is infested in winter." - Compendium of Geography, p. 660.

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Its modern name, the

As to the latter part of my quotation, the winter of 1854 will ever remain to bear painful testimony to the fact; but I am not sure that the blackness of the shores is to be attributed so much to the impenetrable forests," as to the fact which your correspondent A. C. M. notices of the existence of coal at Heraclea. All such names, indeed, I am inclined to refer to the actual physical aspect of the country. Are not the terms Edom and the Red Sea to be referred to the red sandy soil? Would Albion ever have gained the name if it had not been for her white cliffs? Was Greenland not the glad welcome given by the hardy Icelanders to that green oasis? And is not the White Sea so called from its proximity to the regions of ice and snow? I need hardly notice the Black Gang Chine, the Whitfields, clays, chalks, stones, &c., that we have among ourselves. I am not sure about the derivation of the Yellow Sea and Yellow River; possibly the yellow colour of the silk may have given rise to them; still I shall be glad to learn that they may be accounted for by the nature of the soil, or some feature in the physical aspect of the country. The Blue Mountains in Australia speak for themselves.

R. J. A. Guy of Warwick's Cow's Rib (Vol. xi., p. 283.). -Without recording any opinion of more recent travellers or naturalists, I beg to refer F. L. S., Oxford, to some remarks on this subject by a no less (Cambridge) celebrity than Johannes Caius, who, in his work De Canibus Britannicis, De Rariorum Animalium et Stirpium Historia, &c., says "De Bonasi cornibus, incidi in caput," &c. Let us go on Anglicè:

"I met with the head of a certain huge animal, of which the naked bone, with the bones supporting the horns, were of enormous weight, and as much as a man could well lift. The curvature of the bones of the horns is of such a projection as to point not straight downwards, but obliquely forwards. Of this kind I saw another head at Warwick, in the Castle, A.D. 1552, in the place where the arms of the great and strong Guy, formerly Earl of Warwick, are kept. There is also

a vertebra of the neck of the same animal, of such great size that its circumference is not less than three Roman feet, seven inches and a half. I think also that the blade bone, which is to be seen hung up by chains from the has, if I remember right, no portion of the back bone atnorth gate of Coventry, belongs to the same animal; it tached to it, and it is three feet one inch and a half broad across the lowest part, and four feet six inches in length. The circumference of the whole bone is not less than eleven feet four inches and a half.

which is situated not more than a mile from the town of "In the chapel of the great Guy, Earl of Warwick, animal, as I suppose, the girth of which, in the smallest Warwick (Guyscliff?), there is hung up a rib of the same part, is nine inches, the length six feet and a half. It is dry, and, on the outer surface, carious; but yet weighs nine pounds and a half. Some of the common people fancy it to be a rib of a wild boar, killed by Guy; some, a rib of a cow which haunted a ditch (? a ravine) near Coventry, and injured many persons. This last opinion I judge to come nearer to the truth, since it may, perhaps, It is probable that be the bone of a bonasus or urus. many animals of this kind formerly lived in our England, being of old an island full of woods and forests; because, even in our boyhood, the horns of these animals were in common use at the table, on more solemn feasts, in lieu of cups; as those of the urus were in Germany in ancient times, according to Cæsar in the sixth book of his Commentaries about the Gallic war. They were supported on three silver feet, and had, as in Germany, a border of silver round the rim."

Henry Fitzjames (Vol. xi., pp. 199. 272.).—I am much obliged to your correspondent W. B. for calling my attention to what he has rightly termed

a

"singular error." But for the unaccountable omission of four words from the commencement of the third sentence, it would not have occurred. The correct reading should have been as follows: "A younger brother of this distinguished nobleman being at Malta, became a knight of St. John, and afterwards Grand Prior of England." That this person was Henry, and not James Fitzjames, is clearly shown in the letter of James II. to the Grand Master of Malta. Henry Fitzjames, our natural son, already well known to you," is the extract to which I refer. Malta.

W. W.

Serpent's Eggs (Vol. x., p. 508.; Vol. xi., pp. 271. 345.).-L. M. M. R. is very grateful to H. H. BREEN of St. Lucia, for what he says on the subject of serpent's eggs; but that which he mentions is not the sort of egg sought for. The Ovum anguinum, or adderstone, or glair, is an artificial

Darrel of Littlecote (Vol. xi., p. 48.). — In reply to L. (1), Waylen, in his History of Marlborough (published 1854), gives an account of the Darrell family, and mentions as various authorities of the Littlecote tragedy, the following, viz., Aubrey, Scott's Notes to Rokeby, Burke's Commoners, Rev. C. Lucas's Metrical Version, Britton's Wiltshire, &c. CL. HOPPER.

Quotation from St. Augustine (Vol. xi., p. 295.). Henry Delaune's book is rare; it was published in 1657, not 1651; it is priced 84s. in Bibl. Anglo-Poetica, No. 206., where is this remark:

Suppression of the Templars (Vol. x., p. 462.). - In Thomas's Handbook to the Public Records, 1853, are the following references to MSS. in the Courts of Chancery and of Exchequer, bearing on the history of the Templars:

66

Chancery: Knights Hospitallers and Templars ; matters relating to, entered on the Close Rolls."

"Exchequer: Knights Templars. Queen's Remembrancer's Department. Ministers' Accounts of the Possessions of the Knights Templars. A book containing an account of part of their possessions by Jeffery FitzStephen, Master of their Order, 1185. Extents of manors, &c., of K. T., seized by Edward II." The materials in MS. repositories, viz. those in the Exchequer, have been used in part- so far as they relate to the suppression of their Order by Johnston, in his Assurance of Abby and other Church Lands, 1687.

For numerous references to printed books on the history of the Templars, see Brunet, Manuel du Libraire, the Penny Cyclopædia, &c.

BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.

"The very law which moulds a tear" (Vol. xi., p. 302.). SEMPER EADEM will find the first quotation he wants in Mr. Rogers' beautiful "Lines on a Tear," which, however, will be found much superior to the version he has given:

"The very law which moulds a tear,
And bids it trickle from its source,
That law preserves the earth its sphere,
And guides the planets in their course."

The whole bore the appearance of a hamlet which had suddenly stood still when in the act of leading down one of Amphion's or Orpheus's country-dances." And description of St. Ronan's Well:

"Like a sudden pause in one of Amphion's countrydances, when the huts which were to form the future Thebes were jigging it to his lute." C. (3)

Artificial Teeth (Vol. xi., p. 264.).— A correspondent inquires what is the date of the introduction of artificial teeth into England or Europe? and refers to an advertisement of John Watts, Operator, who applies himself solely to that business," in 1709.

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I cannot answer your correspondent's inquiry, but it suggested to my memory two passages in Ben Jonson's play of the Silent Woman, which first appeared in 1609, and which consequently carries back the evidence of the use of artificial teeth in England, more than a century beyond the date of Watts's advertisement, as they refer to them in terms which imply their common use. The first passage referred to occurs in Act I. Sc. 1., and the other in Act IV. Sc. 1. In the latter passage Otter, speaking of his wife, says:

“A most vile face! and yet she spends me forty pound a year in mercury and hog's bones. All her teeth were made in the Black-Friars," &c.

Edgbaston.

W.

"Deo parere, libertas est" (Vol. xi., p. 323.). The words in the Collect for Peace in the Book of Common Prayer, "Whose service is perfect freedom," are thus given in the Latin Prayerbook of Queen Elizabeth, published by Wolfius in 1560-"Cui servare, regnare est; to which the note of Lipsius would be even more appropriate than to the passage in Seneca, which is very fine. J. G.

Exon.

Dr. Mulcaster (Vol. xi., p. 260.). The following two extracts from Herrick's Hesperides, &c., 1648, are worth preserving in your pages, having been with many others (equally elucidating former customs and manners) unaccountably omitted in the modern republication of his poems:

"Upon Fone, a Schoolmaster, p. 41.

"Fone says those mighty whiskers he does weare, Are twigs of birch and willow growing there: If so, we'll think too (when he does condemne Boyes to the lash) that he does whip with them." "Upon Paget, a Schoolboy, p. 71.

"Paget, a schoolboy, got a sword, and then He vow'd destruction both to birch and men : Who would not think the younker fierce to fight? Yet coming home but somewhat late (last night), 'Untrusse, his master bade him, and that word Made him take up his shirt, lay down his sword."

E. D.

Dr. Busby (Vol. xi., p. 260.).—The same anecdote is related of Dr. Busby as that "of Monckaster, the famous pedagogue," in Hone's Every-Day Book, vol. ii. col. 35.

"Dr. Busby was a severe, but not an ill-natured man. It is related of him and one of his scholars, that during the Doctor's absence from his study, the boy found some plums in it; and being moved by lickerishness, began to

eat some. First, however, he waggishly cried out, 'I publish the banns of matrimony between my mouth and impediment why they should not be united, you are to these plums; if any here present know just cause or declare it, or hereafter hold your peace.' But the Doctor had overheard the proclamation, and said nothing till the next morning; when, causing the boy to be

brought up' and disposed for punishment, he grasped the well-known instrument, and said, "I publish the banns of matrimony between this rod and this boy: if any of you know just cause or impediment why they should not be united, you are to declare it.' The boy himself called out, I forbid the banns!'

For what

cause?' inquired the Doctor. 'Because,' said the boy, 'the parties are not agreed.' The Doctor enjoyed the validity of the objection urged by the boy's wit, and the ceremony was not performed." C. I. D.

Sir Stephen Fox (Vol. xi., p. 325.). — The folMSS. (and apparently contemporaneous), being a lowing memorandum, copied from the Lansdowne highly satirical and biographical sketch of members of parliament, would confirm the "humble origin" of Sir Stephen Fox:

"Once a link boy, then a singing boy att Salisbury, then a serving man, and permitting his wiefe to be common beyond sea, att ye restauration was made pay mr. to ye Guardes, where he has cheated 100,000, and is one of ye greene cloth.” CL. HOPPER.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

If our notes on the volume which we are about to bring before our readers are of more than ordinary length, we trust those readers will not make that a ground of complaint against us, inasmuch as the book itself can reach the hands of very few of them. It is the first publication of the Philobiblon Society, and is entitled Philobiblon Society; Bibliographical and Historical Miscellanies, Vol I., and contains no less than twenty-two articles contributed by various members of the Society. As the work may be considered as intended for private circulation only, and therefore as not inviting criticism, although it might do so without fear of depreciation, we shall confine ourselves to a brief notice of these several papers. They are as follows:-1. Original Letter of Thomas James, Editor of the Philobiblon Ric. Dunelmensis, to Thomas, Lord Lumley, 1599, communicated by Mr. Stirling. 2. Notes sur deux petites Bibliothéques Français du XV. Siécle, communicated by the Duc d'Aumale; a most interesting bibliographical résumé, first, of a library commenced by Antoine de Chourses, who lived in the second half of the fifteenth century, and completed by his widow, Katherine de Coetivy; and, secondly, of a collection formed by Jean Du Mas, Seigneur de l'Isle, &c., who died in 1495. 3. is a

curious contribution by the Dean of St. Paul's, Michael Scott, almost an Irish Archbishop. 4. This is followed by the Hon. Robert Curzon's valuable, although Short Account of some of the most celebrated Libraries of Italy. 5. The fifth article is from the pen of one of the honorary secretaries of the Society, M. Van de Weyer, the Belgian Minister, and is the first of a series of Lettres sur les Anglais qui ont écrit en français. Do any of our readers know aught of Thomas Hales, born in Gloucestershire about 1740, the author of Le Jugement de Midas, L'Amant

Jaloux, Les Evènements Imprévus, &c., and other dramatic pieces? One can scarcely conceive a more interesting series than this commenced by the Belgian Minister, or any one better calculated to do justice to it. 6. Private Letters from the Earl of Strafford to his Third Wife, is the interesting contribution of the other Honorary Secretary, Mr. Monckton Milnes. 7. This is followed by Mr. Beriah Botfield's Remarks on the Prefaces to the First Editions of the Classics. 8. Mr. Evelyn Shirley contributes a Memoir of Chief Justice Heath, which is followed by-9. Lettre de Guillaume III., dated from the place, and on the very day, on which he embarked for England, Oct. 29, 1688; communicated by the Duc d'Aumale. 10. The Connoch Papers, communicated by Mr. Ray, contains curious letters addressed to Sir Simon Connoch, an active agent of the O d Pretender's. 11. Construction of the Speech addressed by Louis XVI. to the Etats Généraux, communicated by Mr. Danby Seymour, affords a curious illustration of the formation of a royal speech. 12. Letter from King John of France to his Son Charles, communicated by Mr. O'Callaghan from the original in the State Paper Office. 13. On the Importance of Manuscripts with Miniatures in the History of Art; the name of the writer, Dr. Waagen, speaks for the value of this article. 14. Avisi de Londra, 1645-1652, is communicated by Mr. Rawdon Brown. This is followed by 15. Doute Historique touching La Pucelle, by Mr. Delpierre. 16. Letter from Giacomo Loranzo to his two Sons, 1588, from the original in the possession of the Rev. Walter Sneyd. 17. On the First Edition of the Adagia of Erasmus, by Mr. Stirling, is the first accurate description of this rare volume. This is followed by 18. Letter of Dr. John Dee to Sir W. Cecyl. In the next article, 19., the Earl of Gorford describes A Short Dozen of Books relating to British History in his possession. 20. The Private Printing-press at Stonor, 1581, is an account by the Hon. T. E. Stonor of the printing of an edition of Campion's Decem Rationes at Stonor in 1581. 21. Letter from Cardinal Bembo to Lorenzo Loredano, Doge of Venice, 1515, communicated by Rev. Walter Sneyd: and the volume concludes with 22. Notes on Libraries (Norwich, Blickling Hall), by Mr. Beriah Botfield. From this analysis our readers will see how much curious matter this Miscellany contains. Let us add that, to the credit of the gentlemen and scholars who have formed this new literary association, and published this curious volume, it is provided (by one of their rules) that of every book or paper printed by the Society, "five copies shall be printed for presentation to the British Museum, the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, and the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh." So that the volume is placed within the reach of any scholar who may desire to examine it.

The month of May is as full of business for the literary auctioneer as for the frequenters of Exeter Hall. Accordingly, we find abundant announcements of coming auctions. Messrs. Sotheby & Wilkinson, besides other important sales, announce the Library of Dr. Spry; the library and MSS. of Lord Stuart de Rothesay; and the prints, library, autographs, and coins of the late James Baker, Esq. Other sales of numismatic interest are announced by the same firm. Among the announcements made by Puttick & Simpson, the most interesting and important is that of the curious library of the late O. Smith, Esq., of the Adelphi Theatre; and the copyright, &c. of the New Quarterly Review. Messrs. Southgate & Barrett have sales of the libraries of the Rev. W. H. Ricketts Bayley, and Messrs. Hodgson that of Roger Lee, Esq. When we add that Mr. Lewis has, among other properties to dispose of, a farther portion of the property of the late Mr. Pickering; and that Mr. Stevens,

Mr. Caper, and others, have announced sales of various descriptions of literary and scientific property; our readers will admit the truth, for this year at least, of the assertion with which we commenced this paragraph.

BOOKS RECEIVED. - Burke's Works, Vol. III. (Bohn's British Classics edition), containing Burke's "Political Miscellanies," including his "Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs," &c.

The Novels and Miscellaneous Works of De Foe, Vol. IV., belonging to the same series, and containing "Roxana, or the Fortunate Mistress," and "The Life and Adventures of Mother Ross."

A Few More Words on the Plurality of Worlds, by W. S. Jacob, F. R.A.S. This is an endeavour, on the part of the astronomer, to prove that the astronomical facts and observations, on which the peculiar views of the author of The Plurality of Worlds are founded, are incorrect; and consequently that, the basis being faulty, the structure must fall.

Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England, described and illustrated by J. Y. Akerman, Sec. S. A., Parts XV. and XVI., which contain: - I. Buckles and Fibulæ found in Kent; very beautiful and interesting. II. Twelve Fibula of Simple but Characteristic Ornamentation. III. Combs drawn by Mr. Fairholt from the Originals in the Faussett Collection. IV. Two Fibula:

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

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