ילד

V. The segolate-nouns (resuming their original vowels): A. I.

4.

T:

I. injustice—y nhy;

; חָרְבָּה-desolation חֹרֶב 3 ; מִכְסָה - tribute מֶכֶס .2 ; יַלְדָּה-child חיל .2 ; עַוְלָה and עוֹלָה- injustice עָוֶל .B. I עֶזְרָה-help עֵזֶר 4 שִׁבְיָה-captivity שְׁבִי .3 ; חֵילָה - power

קָצָה-end קָצֶה ; קָשָׁה -hard קָשֶׁה : ה VI. Words in

VII. Words the last letter of which is properly doubled: 1.17

4. Words ending in a quiescent letter add simply, and this is especially the case with patronymic nouns and the ordinal numbers;

n'y'?? (see § 22. 3). However, adjectives intake more usually

- fourth רְבִיעִי ; עִבְרִית-Hebrew עִבְרִי ; חַטָאת-sinful חַטָא .e.g

5. Words which take — or — in the feminine, sometimes change the preceding kamets and tsere into segol, or under a guttural into

knowledge-7.

6. Long chirek in the last syllable is often converted into segol before

גְבֶרֶת lord גְבִיר ; שַׁלֶּטֶת-ruler שַׁלִיט .the termination n; eg

and

7. Some substantives have both the form in , and in or , the latter being always employed in the construct state and before suffixes; e.g. splendour―st. c. ; with suff. . Other nouns have the form in ♬ only in the construct state or before suffixes, and never in the absolute state; as ment—st. c. npp, with suff. in;

govern

family-st. c.

8. In a few instances the two sexes are expressed by words of different

master אָדוֹן ;maid-servant שִׁפְחָה or אָמָה-man-servant עֶבֶד roots ; as -male ass חֲמוֹר ; mistress גְבִירָה

uss—jiny female ass.

EXERCISE XXIV.

Write the feminine forms of the following masculines:

(seg.) food; N (seg. i) word;

(seg. i) hill; great; (vii. 1) poor;

titude;

(vii.1) pure; ¡¡¡ old man; pin strength;

ness; a free; p (vii.) statute;

terror; dry; beautiful; and (seg.i) lamb;

white;

-remem מַזְכִּיר ;heat מוֹקֵד ;vii. 4) measure) מַד ;(ת relating (in מַגִּיד

bering; & full; (seg. a) king; p♪♫ sucking (in ♫—); bay

; raising מֵקִים ;(ת staf (in מִשְׁעָן ;(ת dividing (in מַפְרִיס ; path ; becoming נָאוֶה ; aromatic herb מֶרְקָה ; carriage מֶרְכָּב ; vison מַרְאֶה

fool; habitation; honoured; violent; }^? (vii.) flower;

T

Drevenge; horse;

(vii. 1) strong;

(seg,i) cover; (seg.) calf; delight; strength; (seg. a) youth; (seg.) crafti

(vii. 1) prince; ji♫♫♬ lower; □♬ (vii. 1) upright; Duprightness.

1. The Hebrew cardinal numbers are nouns in origin, with the single exception of one, which is an adjective; and that circumstance accounts for several peculiarities in their use and construction.

2. The numbers from 1 to 10 have different forms for the masculine and the feminine, and for the absolute and the construct state; those from 11 to 19 distinguish only the masculine and the feminine; while the tens have altogether but one form.

3. The masculine numerals from 3 to 10 have a feminine termination (,, etc.), while the feminines are not provided with such ending, y, etc.), which strange irregularity has hardly yet found a satisfactory explanation; for instance, seven bulls is y

yaw; 700—is y,

-7000 but ,שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת - 700 ; שֶׁבַע פָּרוֹת but seven cous ,פָּרִים שִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים

4. The numbers from 11 to 19 are composed of ten (expressed by and) and the units, some of which are in the status absolutus,

etc.), and some, effecting a ,אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר) absolutus and שְׁנֵי עָשָׂר אַחַד עָשָׂר) closer connection, in the status constructus

which ,(שְׁתַּיִם and שְׁנַיִם instead of) שְׁתֵּים and שְׁנֵים tracted forms

all feminines). The singular and obscure word 'ny,

and the con

are analogous to the construct state and ', occur only in these

combinations.

ten ; but the other tens are עֶשֶׂר twenty is the plural of עֶשְׂרִים .5 שָׁלֹשׁ thirty of שְׁלֹשִׁים

.four אַרְבַּע forty of אַרְבָּעִים,three

the plurals of the corresponding units, as

6. Numbers consisting of units and tens begin either with the units or the tens; the former is the more ancient Hebrew usage, while the other occurs chiefly in the later Biblical Books, as Ezra, Nehemiah, and the Chronicles.

7. Numbers consisting of hundreds, tens, and units, may ascend from the smaller to the greater, or descend from the greater to the smaller figure, so that, for instance, 748 is either 8 and 40 and 700, or 700 and 40 and 8; in the latter case the units may, of course, precede the tens, in accordance with the last rule (No. 6).

8. Numbers consisting of thousands, hundreds, tens, and units, always begin with the thousands, and then descend regularly to the smaller figures, or, less frequently, ascend from the units to the tens and hundreds.

9. The following list of the cardinal numbers will now be better understood:

אַרְבַּע רִבּוֹא or אַרְבַּע רִבּוֹת or אַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף .40,000 עֶשֶׂר רִבּוֹא or עֶשֶׂר רִבּוֹת or מֵאָה אֶלֶף .100,000

שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה רִבּוֹ or מֵאָה וְעֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף .120,000 עֶשְׂרִים רִבּוֹ or מָאתַיִם אֶלֶף .200,000

שְׁשִׁים רִבּוֹ or שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת אֶלֶף .600,000

מֵאָה רִבּוֹ or אֶלֶף אֲלָפִים 1,000,000

On the usage of representing numbers by the letters of the alphabet, see $1. 7.

Express in Hebrew:

EXERCISE XXV.

23; 34; 45; 56; 67; 78; 89; 95; 108; 214; 327; 435; 542; 651; 764; 878; 989; 1,005; 2,106; 3,217; 4,319; 5,528; 6,735; 7,963; 8,746; 9,438; 10,275; 11,873; 12,799; 15,421; 19,167;