imperative and the prohibition even of the second person, are expressed by the future, has been observed above ($ 94, 11).

2. If two imperatives are joined, whether with or without l, the second sometimes involves the consequence or effect of the first, which

.Isai) פְּנוּ אֵלַי וְהִנָּשְׁעוּ .thus takes the force of a conditional clause ; e.g

י זך :

.Isa) שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמוֹעַ אֵלַי וְאִכְלוּ־טוֹב ; (you turn to Me you will be saved

xlv. 22) turn to Me and be saved (that is, and you will be saved, or if

lv. 2) listen faithfully to Me, and eat what is good; and the same meaning attaches occasionally to an imperative which follows any verb implying a wish or command, even if these notions are expressed

me give thee advice, so that thou mayest save thy life.b

Ki. i. 12) let 1) אִיעָצֵךְ נָא עֵצָה וּמַלְטִי אֶת־נַפְשֵׁךְ .by the future; e.g

-conversivum is fre ו On the other hand, the past tense with .3 .Lev) דַּבֵּר וְאָמַרְתָּ .9 .quently used instead of a second imperative; e

i. 2) speak and say (8 96. 1, 5).

1. The participle agrees with the noun to which it belongs or refers, in number and gender, and is in these respects treated exactly like

Gen. iii. 5) like God lenowing) כֵּאלֹהִים יֹדְעֵי טוֹב וָרָע .an adjective; e.g .Deut. xi.7) your eyes see) עֵינֵיכֶם הָרְאוֹת ;good and erit

2. It may either be considered as a verb or a noun; in the former case, it shares the construction of the verb from which it is derived;

; Jerem. xvii. 26) those who offer a burnt-offering) מְבִיאִים עוֹלָה .e.g בּטֵחַ עַל־יְהוָה ; ibid.) the efferers of a thank-offering) מְבִיאֵי תּוֹדָה

(Prov. xxviii. 25) trusting in the Lord.a

3. It may, therefore, take the suffixes either of the verb or of the noun (§ 54. 6); e. g. he who feeds me, or "my shepherd.

4. If viewed as a part of the verb, it denotes properly the present, which it is most commonly employed to represent (§ 42); e.g. your

it before your eyes.b (אֹכְלִים) land - strangers are consuming

5. It describes, therefore, a habitual or customary action; e.g. vy D'on in (Prov. xxviii. 18) he who walks uprightly shall be saved; and being in this respect analogous to the future (§ 94. 7), it naturally passes over into it; e.g. the Lord raises (DP) the poor from the dust, He lifts up (□) the needy from the dunghill (1 Sam. ii. 8);d or it is followed by the past in the same meaning (§ 93. 3);

e.g.

jjiwb-by baq abı...ow in (Ps. xv. 2, 3) he who walks up

...

rightly...and does not slander with his tongue (comp. Am. v. 7,8,12). 6. Hence it denotes the future itself; e. g. in yet seven days N by I shall cause it to rain on the earth (Gen. vii. 4); they will relate His justice to a people that will be born, or to i ➡y? future generations (Ps. xxii. 32); (Deut. xvii. 6) he that is to die shall be killed;a and may even be used for the expression of a wish; e.g."?" (Psalm lxxxi. 14) O that My people had listened to Me.b

In all these cases, the participle is frequently accompanied by the pers. pron. as subject, or by the particles,, Ty, and, with suffixes (§ 33); e.g. y'in qu!-DN (Judg. vi. 36) if Thou helpest;

אַבְרָהָם ; Genesis xliii. 5) if thou wilt not send him) אִם־אֵינְךָ מְשַׁלֵּחַ

Min: 1957 Taiy qiy (xviii. 22) Abraham was still standing before the Lord; (2 Ki. vii. 2) thou shalt see.

7. An explanatory observation interrupting the narrative, and designed to characterise or more accurately to describe the situation, is usually introduced by the participle; e.g. I saw the Lord sitting on a throne high and lofty-Seraphim stood (D) before Him, etc. (Isai. vi. 1, 2).

8. As, therefore, the participle refers to actions coinciding in time with those of the principal verbs, it may also be used for the past; e. g. he was going up (7) by the way, and little children came out of the city (2 Kings iii. 22), that is, while he was going up, little children came out; (Genesis xiii. 5) Lot who went with Abram; and may then be followed by a finite verb possessing the meaning of the preterite; e. g. 73-77 (Gen. xxvii. 33) he

e

who took venison and brought it me; in which case the verb frequently accompanies the participle;

e. g. the oxen were ploughing

(iv) and the asses feeding (i) beside them, when the Sabeans fell upon them (Job i. 14);a and this combination easily assumes the notion of continued or prolonged action; e. g. D

(Neh. i. 4) and I fasted and prayed continually; though it is sometimes perfectly equivalent to the simple finite verb; e.g. ¡¦ (Jer. xxvi. 18) he prophesied; (Genesis i. 6) and it may divide.c

9. If participles of verbs which govern the accusative, are followed by a noun in this case, they stand naturally in the construct state, since they are then considered as substantives followed by their dependent genitive; e. g. 7 (Gen. iii. 5) knowing good (Gen. ix. 10)

and evil, judges of good and evil; and so those who went out of the ark;

the grave;

(Ps. lxxxviii. 6) resting in (Gen. xxiii. 10) those who came to the gate; for

all these verbs are construed with the accusative (§ 102).a

10. But suffixes are appended, not only to active or passive participles of verbs governing the accusative, but also to active participles of verbs joined with a preposition; thus we find not only

ii. 19) those who come to her,

(Prov.

(Isaiah xxvii. 7) those who were (Prov. ix. 18) those who are invited

slain by him, his victims, TP by her, her guests; but also ' (Prov. viii. 36) he who sins against me (for '), 7 (Exodus xv. 7) those who rise against Thee (for 77 'P), P (Isaiah xlix. 23) those who rely on Me (for

EXERCISE CXII.

אלי me

.(קנִים עָלַי

§ 101. IMPERSONAL EXPRESSION OF THE VERB. Verbs are impersonally expressed in the following ways:—

1. Neuter or passive verbs are used in the masculine or feminine of the third person singular; e.g. 17 (1 Sam. xvi. 23) it was well to him, or he was well; iori (Gen. xxxii. 8) he was in distress; ">y) (Prov. xxiv. 15) it will be well with me;

(Ruth i. 13) it is bitter to me, or I am in grief;

I am at rest; (Isaiah vj. 10) he was healed;

(Job iii. 13)

(1 Sam.

31; xlix. 20) it occurred to me; (Amos iv. 7) it will rain; (Jer. x. 7) it behoves thee.a

אַתָּה

T

Comp. Deut. xv. 18; Judg. ii. 5; x. 9; xi. 39; 1 Sam. iv. 7; 2 Sam.

xiii. 39; Isai. xxi. 9, 11; xxiii. 12; Xxxviii. 14; Jer. xiii. 16; Ezek. xii.