eat to satisfaction; NY NY (Gen. viii. 7) and he went out and returned.a

The particle of negation stands generally before the finite verb, and not before the infinitive; e.g. (Judg. xv. 13) we shall certainly not kill thee;b though sometimes it precedes the latter; e.g. (Ps. xlix. 8) he will never redeem.

8. Often, however, the addition of the infinitive causes no perceptible change in the meaning of the finite verb, but merely imparts to the composition the character of repose or steady advance, and sometimes of ease and breadth, and hence it occurs chiefly in popular diction; N; (1.Sam. xx. 5) I shall sit down; "77 (ver. 6) if he should miss me; ' S S (ibid.) he asked leave of me.a In the same manner it sometimes accompanies the participle; e. g. (Judges xx. 39) he is smitten; i D' (Jer. xxiii. 17)

e.g.

they say.e

9. Generally the infinitive belongs to the same modification as the finite verb, as is the case in all the instances above quoted (Nos. 6, 7, 8). But sometimes it is taken from a different modification, chiefly from Kal, which expresses the notion of the verb in the simplest manner; e. g. pp Sipp (Exod. xix. 13) he shall surely be stoned; (Josh. xxiv. 10) and he blessed greatly; to (Gen. xxxvii. 33) he has surely been torn; Dy (1 Sam. xxiii. 22) he is very cunning; nbpipņa bib (Isai. xxiv. 19) she is shaken exceedingly; or from another modification possessing a similar meaning, e. g. pp (1 Samuel ii. 16) they shall burn incense ;

f

TIT

(2 Ki. iii. 23) they are surely slain; ♫ ♫ (Ezek. xvi. 4) thou wast not wrapped up.

הָחָרֵב נֶחֶרְבוּ ;Lev. xix. 20) she was not redeemed) וְהָפְדֵה לֹא נִפְדָּתָה (4 .Ezek. xvi) הָחְאֵל לֹא־חָתָּלְתִּ

a

Comp. Josh. vi. 13; Judg. xiv. 9 ; 1 Sam. vi. 12; 2 Sam. iii. 16; xv. 30; xvi. 5; 2 Kings ii. 11; Isai. xix. 22; Jer. xii. 17; Ps. xvii. 5.

b Comp. Exod. v. 23; Judg. i. 28;

1 Ki. iii. 26; Isa. xxx. 19; Jer. xiii. 12. Comp. Gen. iii. 4; Amos ix. 8.

C

d Comp. Gen. xxviii. 22; xliii. 20;

§ 98. THE CONSTRUCT INFINITIVE.

1. The infinitive is employed in the construct form, if it is in any way grammatically connected with preceding or following words, whether it is governed by another verb or a preposition or a noun, or itself governs a genitive, or is provided with a suffix-in all which cases it is treated like a noun, and shares all its varieties of construction; e.g.?! (Exod. xviii. 23) and thou wilt be able to stand;

the עֲלוֹת הַשַׁחַר ; a time for mourning עֵת סְפַר ; from seeing מֵרְאוֹת

rising of the morning-dawn; in his rising;

2 (Deut.

vii. 7) when thou walkest on the way (lit. in thy walking on the way); D'y nana (Psalm xxxvii. 34) at the destruction of the wicked; NINY Y N (1 Kings iii. 7) I do not know how to go out or to come in; yyy (Prov. xix. 11) it is his glory to pass ANDA over a transgression.a

;come

2. But though the construct infinitive may, like a noun, govern a genitive, it may at the same time, like a verb, govern an accusative

בִּשְׁמֹעַ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת־הַדָּבָר .or be construed with a preposition; e.g

(1 Kings xiii. 4) when the king heard the word;

7 TY (Deut. xxii. 2) till thy brother seek after it; in which case the genitive

בֶּאֱחֹז אֹתוֹ פְלִשְׁתִּים .is sometimes separated from the infinitive; e.g

(Ps. lvi. 1) when the Philistines seized him; ' ' D p (Judg. ix. 2) the reigning over you of seventy men.b

3. As the infinitive expresses no distinct time or mood, it is in these respects defined either by the general tenour of the sentence, or by the finite verb to which it is subordinated; e.g. on the day when

בְּצֵאתָם ; (4 .Gen. ii ,בִּיּוֹם עֲשׂוֹת) the Lord God made heaven and earth

(Josh. v. 4) when they had gone out; (Genesis xxxviii. 17) till thou wilt send; 7 (Joshua ii. 16) when you shall have (Gen. xliv. 30) till I come;

arrived in the town;

xxix. 18) if he should hear.c

ײן ז

(Deut.

4. It can, therefore, be scarcely surprising that the infinitive, in the progress of a narrative or description, often passes over into the finite verb; e.g. ie 'n" inbna (Isai. xxxviii. 9) when he was ill and recovered from his illness; because you disdained (1) this word and relied (1) on oppression (xxx. 12); especially into the past with conversivum (§ 96. 1); e. g. till thy brother's anger turns away () from thee and he forgets (5) etc. (Genesis xxvii. 45).d

a

Comp. Gen. ii. 18; xxi. 6; xxix. 7. 19; xxx. 15; Ex. iv. 24; vii. 14; xix. 12; xl. 35; Deut. xiii. 11; xxix. 19; Judg. xiii. 20; 1 Samuel iv. 19; xxiii. 6; 2 Kings xxiv. 5; Isai. i. 14; vii. 15; xi. 9; xliv. 30; lx. 15; Jer. iii. 3; xv. 18; Ps. liii. 10; lxvi. 10; Prov. xxix. 2; Job xiii. 3, etc.

5. The construct infinitive with? sometimes succeeds the finite verb in order to complete the notion or to describe it more accurately; e. g.

.Eccl) עָמַלְתִּי לַעֲשׂוֹת ; Gen. ii. 3) he created producing) בָּרָא לַעֲשׂוֹת

ii. 11) I have toiled working; and very frequently

She said saying, or as follows (comp. Isai. lvi. 3).

or

6. The verb to be, followed by the construct infinitive with, takes sometimes the meaning of about to be; e.g. i ” (Gen. xv. 12) and the sun was about to set;

(Joshua ii. 5) and the gate was about to be closed; and sometimes of the simple preterite, as 77 (2 Chr. xxvi. 5) and he sought God.a

Occasionally the infinitive alone, without, has these significations; e. g. in (Isai. xxxviii. 20) the Lord is about to help

לְהוֹשִׁיעֵנִי .tions ; e. g

Sam. xiv. 21) they also toent with 1) גַם הֵמָּה לִהְיוֹת עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל ; me

לִהְיוֹת כְּבָר הָיָה future or present, as

ID

Israel (comp. Ezra iii. 12); and it denotes, besides, sometimes the simple future or present, as (Eccl. iii, 15) what N is to happen (or will happen) has already happened; (Isaiah xxi. 1) as whirlwinds pass through; and then continues the narrative almost in the same manner as the absolute infinitive (§ 97. 2); Sbp niwybı uyab aba-os (2 Chr. vii. 17) if thou

e.g. walkest before Me, and dost all that I have commanded thee, or it includes the idea of possibility, lawfulness, or propriety, especially if joined to

Judges) לֹא לְהוֹרִישׁ .2.9,; אַל or אֵין לֹא the adverbs of negation רשַׁעַר לָבוֹא

i. 19) it was impossible to expel them; by ich, i's (Esther iv. 2) it was not permitted to come to the king's gate: 7 ning (Prov. xxxi. 4) it does not become kings to drink wine.e

1. The imperative is naturally, as in most other languages, used not only to express a command, but a prayer and entreaty (often accompanied by N), a wish and blessing, an advice and exhortation (frequently with ♬ paragogicum), a permission and promise-nearly all which significations the future also may take (§ 94. 9—11); e. g.

wash yourselves, purify yourselves, remove your evil deeds from before My eyes, cease doing evil; " (Judg. xiii. 4) take heed, I pray That the third person of the

а

xvi. 3) tell me) הַגִּידָה לִי ; thee