270 E. THE NUMERALS. § 90. THE CARDINAL NUMBERS. In joining the cardinal numbers with nouns, we find the following rules observed, which are naturally derived from the character of the numerals (§ 35. 1) and the peculiarities of Hebrew syntax. 1. As one, is properly an adjective, it generally follows the one תּוֹרָה אַחַת ; one witness עֵד אֶחָד .noun to which it belongs ; e. g law; D'D' (Gen. xxvii. 44) single days; but sometimes it is, like other adjectives, used in the manner of a substantive, and then stands, in the construct state, before the noun; e.g. D ii. 10) one) אַחַת הַנְבָלוֹת (2 Sam. xiii. 13) one of the wicked men; (Job ii. 10) one of the wicked women (see § 88. 6). 2. The numbers from 2 to 10 admit of three constructions; (a.) They are either, in the absolute state, placed before the noun; e. g. seven girls : here the noun stands שֶׁבַע נְעָרוֹת ; seven tribes שִׁבְעָה שְׁבָטִים in the accusative, viz. a number of seven as regards tribes (see § 86. 4. c). (b.) Or, in the absolute state, after the noun; e.g. nya seven rams; END' four towns: here the numeral stands in apposition to the noun, viz. rams, a number of seven (§ 88. 8. c). (c.) Or, in the construct state, before the noun; e.g. D three princes; three cubits: which is the most natural combination, viz. a triad of princes. In all these three cases, the noun stands in the dual or plural. The second construction, however, is but rarely employed, and more especially at a later period of the language. 3. The numbers from 11 to 19 usually stand before the noun; e.g. ; toelve calbes שְׁתִּים עֶשְׂרֵה חַלּוֹת ; twelve princes שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר נְשִׂיאִים fourteen toons. Here also the עָרִים אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה ; twelve tribes עָשָׂר but sometimes, especially in later books, after it; e.g. D' D'U‡V noun is usually in the plural, as in the instances quoted. But some nouns remain in the singular when preceded by one of the numbers from 11 to 19, viz. man, thousand, cubit, i day, soul, year, and shekel ; piece (shekel) of silver, e.g. 'N WY D'IV (Num. i. 44) twelve men; (2 Sa. אַחַד ; fifteen cubits חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה ;viii.13) eighteen thousand Di¬y (Deut. i.2) eleven days; (Hos. iii. 2) fifteen pieces of silver; wy w (Gen. xlvi. 18) sixteen souls; y =.fifteen shekels חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר שֶׁקֶל ; xi. 25) nineteen years) עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה The collective nouns, such as P and N, remain, of course, in the singular; e.g. twelve oxen. 4. The tens from 20 to 90 often follow the noun to which they are joined, and which, in these cases, stand invariably in the plural; e.g. .Ch.iii. 4) twenty cubits 2) אַמּוֹת עֶשְׂרִים ; forty shekels שְׁקָלִים אַרְבָּעִים .Ezek) שְׁלֹשִׁים לְשָׁכוֹת ; Num. xi. 25) seventy kings) שִׁבְעִים מְלָכִים If they precede the noun, the latter is usually also in the plural; e.g. x1.17) thirty cells. The following substantives only remain, as a rule, in the singular: Diday, night, year; the measures and weights- cubit, bath, gerah, talent, piece (shekel) of silver or piece of gold,,cor, loaf of bread, meaning of man; and the collective nouns, as oxen, camels ; in the נֶפֶשׁ thousand, and אֶלֶף,man אִישׁ shekel; the words שֶׁקֶל ;camels גָּמָל,oren בָּקָר (4 .Gen. vii) אַרְבָּעִים לַיְלָה ;Num. xi.19) toenty days) עֶשְׂרִים יוֹם ; seventy cubits שִׁבְעִים אַמָּה ; thirty years שְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה ;forty nights e.g. (1 Ki. v, 2) na Dye (1 Ki. vii. 38) forty baths; (Exod. xxx. 18) loaves of bread; DW (5 .Exod. i) שִׁבְעִים נֶפֶשׁ ; Sam. x. 6) twenty thousand 2) עֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף (63 .Ki. v. 3; viii 1) בָּקָר עֶשְׂרִים and עֶשְׂרִים בָּקָר ;seventy souls twenty oxen; D'Y (2 Ki. viii. 9) forty camels. 5. Numbers composed of tens and units generally follow the noun עָרִים אַרְבָּעִים,twenty-too princes שָׂרִים עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁנַיִם.in the pluralie.g (Joshua, xxi. 41) forty-eight towns; and sometimes precede it ;,e. g. DYN (2 Ki. ii. 24) forty-two children; (1 Chr. ii. 22) thirty-three towns. However, if the numeral stands first, nearly all the words above enumerated (No. 4) remain in the singular; e,g. Di D (Dan. x. 13) twenty-one ! ' days; (2 Sam. v. 5) thirty-three years; vion ' (Ex. xxxviii. 24) twenty-nine talents; ' n eighty-five men; D D sixty-two thousand.-In many instances, the unit with the noun in the plural is joined to the greater number with the noun in the singular; e.g.' Di D' sixty-six days; TIM D'WW) DUN V▷ sixty-five years. In all these cases, the gender of the unit corresponds with that of the noun. 6. D hundred, either precedes or follows the substantive in the plural; or the construct state stands before the noun in the same (16.Ch. iii 2) רִמּוֹנִים מֵאָה ;hundred times מֵאָה פְּעָמִים .number; e.g hundred pomegranates; D' AND (Exod. xxxviii. 27) a hundred sockets. Here, therefore, the same three constructions take place, which are used in connection with the units from 2 to 10 (No. 2). The nouns, however, specified above (No. 4) occur here also in the singular; e. g. Di' ♫ (Gen. vii. 24) a hundred days; or (Gen. xvii. 17; xi. 10) a hundred years; 7ŅD (1 Ki. and (2 Ki. xxiii. 33; Ex. vii. 2) a hundred cubits; xxxviii. 25) a hundred talents of silver; and (Deut. xxii. 19; Neh. v. 11) a hundred pieces (shekels) of silver; D .Chron 1) מְאַת אֶלֶף and מֵאָה אֶלֶף ; Ki. iv. 43) hundred men ) אִישׁ v. 21; Num. ii. 9) hundred thousand; JNY D (1 Ki. v. 3) a hundred sheep (comp. Gen. xxxiii. 19). 7. two hundred, has no construct state, and admits, therefore, the two first connections only; e. g. D'77 D (1 Sam. xxv. 18) two hundred cakes of figs, and DND DY (Genesis xxxii. 15) two hundred goats; with the exceptions repeatedly adverted to; e.g. .Judg) מָאתַיִם כָּסֶף ; Genesis xi. 23) too hundred years) מָאתַיִם שָׁנָה xvii. 4) two hundred pieces of silver; (1 Sam. xxv. 18) two hundred loaves of bread; 7 DN (xv. 4) two hundred thousand. 8. The same two constructions, limited by the same restrictions, occur in connection with the hundreds from 300 to 900, with 7 thousand, two thousand, and the other thousands; e.g. Ning why נְבִיאִים אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת Ki. x. 17) three hundred shields, and 1) מָגִנִים עוֹלוֹת אֶלֶף אֶלֶף (1 Ki. xviii. 19) four hundred prophets; ibiy and niiy (1 Kings iii. 4; 2 Chr. i. 6) thousand burnt-offerings; D'EN (2 Ki. xviii. 23) two thousand horses, and D'END (1 Chr. v. 21) two thousand asses; 'W¬Ð D'AỌN MVW (1 Sam. xiii. 5) six thousand אֲלָפִים horsemen, and horsemen, and ' D (1 Chron. xxiii. 4) six thousand ♫ D'D judges; but penisy (Gen. xxiii. 15) four hundred shekels ; (Nu. xxxv. 4) a thousand cubits; D'EN (Josh. vii. 3) two thousand men; ' (1 Chr. xxix. 4) seven thousand talents. In a few instances, however, the construct state is is אַלְפִי employed instead of 'ba, as o'boy 'aba nyby (Job i. 3) three 'N ♫ (Judg. iv. 10) ten thousand men thousand camels; (comp. Exod. xxxii. 28). 9. Numerals composed of hundreds, tens, and units, or of thousands, hundreds, tens, and units, are construed in accordance with the rules above given for numbers consisting of tens and units (No. 5); e. g. four hundred and fifty-too prophets נְבִיאִים אַרְבַּע מֵאוֹת וַחֲמִשִׁים וּשְׁנַיִם .Gen) חָמֵשׁ וְשִׁשִׁים שָׁנָה וּשְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה ;(19 .compare 1 Ki. xviii) v.23) three hundred and sixty-five years; I JIM D'VIVI DIV AND D' (Gen. xxv. 7) one hundred and seventy-five years; hundred and eighty-six thousand, four hundred and seventy-five men (comp. Num. ii. 8). 10. If one of the nouns, which remains in the singular though coupled with a number greater than ten (as 'N, ON, DI', No. 4), is followed by an adjective or participle, the latter stands either in the singular according to the form, or in the plural according to the value of the noun; e. g. TIỀN NW) V'N TYDD eighty-five persons wearing the ephod; 19? D'Y, WIN D'WDD (1 Ki. i. 5) fifty men running before him (see § 77. 7).a 11. The construct state only in phrases like (Gen. iii. 22) one of us, (1 Sam. xxii. 18) אִישׁ (Ezek. xviii. 10) one of these, in which cases the sense would admit the construct state (see § 87, 7. a); but also in 7 DIY (Gen. xlviii. 22) one portion, (2 Samuel xvii. 22) not one was left.b 12. The numerals are, with regard to the article, on the whole, treated like the nouns ; hence (a.) If they stand alone, without being joined with a noun, and refer to an object known or spoken of before, they have the article ; e. g. the forty; the twenty (Genesis xviii. 29, 31); the one (Eccl. iv. 9).e הָאֶחָד ; the two הַשְּׁנַיִם (b.) If standing in the construct state, they cannot themselves take the article, though the following substantive may receive it; e.g. a Comp. 1 Ki. xx. 16, 30; 2 Kings | xxxiii. 30; Zech. xi. 7. iii. 26; Cant, iv. 4. c Compare ver. 8; 1 Chron. xxvii. שִׁבְעַת יָמִים ;the too men שְׁנֵי הָאֲנָשִׁים too men, but שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדְּבָרִים Lev. xxvii. 5) ten shekels, but) עֲשֶׂרֶת שְׁקָלִים ; days (Gen. viii, 10) seven days, but D' nya (Judg. xiv. 17) the seven (Deut. iv. 13) the ten words; but if standing in the absolute state they may have the article, whether the accompanying substantive the שֶׁבַע הַפָּרוֹת seven kine, and שֶׁבַע פָּרוֹת .requires it or not; e.g ; Josh. iv. 20) the toelve stones) שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה הָאֲבָנִים ; seven keine .Deut. ix. 25) the forty days) אַרְבָּעִים הַיּוֹם (c.) If composed of units, tens, etc., they take the article either הַשְׁלֹשָׁה וְהַשִׁבְעִים .before each or before one of the figures ; e.g הַחֲמִשִׁים ; Num. iii. 46) the too hundred and seventy-three) וְהַמָּאתַיִם שְׁנֵים הֶעָשָׂר אִישׁ ; xi. 35) the too hundred and fifty men) וּמָאתַיִם אִישׁ (Josh. iv. 4) the twelve men (comp. ver. 2). 13. In stating the number of certain weights and measures, the nouns which designate them are sometimes omitted, as shekel, ,shekel שֶׁקֶל ephah; but they yet exercise an influence on the אֵיפָה loaf בִּכָּר Gen. xxiv. 22) ten shekels of) עֲשָׂרָה זָהָב .gender of the numeral; e.g gold; ' (1 Sa. x. 4) two loaves of bread; iii. 15) six ephahs of barley.b EXERCISE CIII. (Ruth |