(Deut. i. 41) his weapons of war; i ↑ (Judg. iii. 15) his right hand. a 12. If the same genitive is governed by two preceding construct states, it is usually placed after the first, and is the second time represented by the corresponding suffix, e. g. the sons and daughters of the man is ; though occasionally the English mode of expression is adopted; e.g. (Dan. i. 4) the learning and the language of the Chaldeans (comp. Ezek. xxxi. 16); הַמַּשְׁקֶה וְהָאֹפֶה .e.g ; אֲשֶׁר לְ or the genitive is added introduced by 722 (Gen. xl. 5) the butler and the baker of the king (comp. ver. 1; see also No. 14. b). 13. But if several genitives depend on the same noun in the construct state, whether they are co-ordinated to each other, or complete the notion of the noun in different ways, the construct state is עצְמוֹת הַמְלָכִים וְעַצְמוֹת הַכֹּהֲנִים .repeated before cach genitive; e.g Deut. ix. 9) the stone tablets of the) לוחת הָאֲבָנִים לוּלֹת הַבְּרִית (Jer. viii. 1),the bones of the kings and of the priests (comp. Isai. xi. 2); covenant; or with a suffix D'pen nine-ny inļņa-ny (Gen. xxxvii. 23) his coat of costly stuffs. 14. The genitive is sometimes expressed, not by means of the construct state, but (a.) By the prepositions or ; e.g. (2 Sam. xix. 18) a man of Benjamin; D' (Isai. vi. 6) one of the Seraphim; D'N' 'ED TO (1 Ki. xx. 35) one of the sons of the prophets; (Psa. xvi. 4) their drink-offerings of blood; (Ezek. i. 6) one of them.b (b.) By the relative pronoun with before the dependent substantive, a form chiefly employed before proper nouns, or substantives denoting persons, or used to prevent two successive construct states, whether the second properly belongs to, the governing nomi .Sam 1) כָּנָף אֲשֶׁר לְשָׁאוּל .native or to the following genitive; e.g לְאָבִיךְ xxiv. 6) the skirt of Saul; (Gen. xxix. 9) the flock of her father; Tans ww byanma (Judges vi. 25) thy father's altar of Baal; (Neh. ii. 8) the keeper of the king's garden; and in the same manner suffixes are ex a Comp. Isai. ii. 20; b Comp. Gen. ii. 21; xxxi. 7, etc. Deut. iv. 42; 1 Sam. xvi. 18; 2 Sam. xix. 21; Psa. pressed, whether they belong to one simple noun, or to a compound (2 .Ki. iv 1) הַשָּׂרִים אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ .term including a construct state; e. g ; Sam. xvii. 40) his shepherd's bag 1) כְּלִי הָרֹעִים אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ ; his princes כַּרְמִי שֶׁלִי though sometimes the sufix is besides added to the noun, as EXERCISE C. (Cant.i.6) my vineyard.a 1. The Hebrew language exhibits a remarkable deficiency of adjectives, especially of those which denote materials, metals, or stuffs, or express a quality or ability, possession or habit, and are derived from corresponding abstract nouns, as brave, eloquent, passionate, etc. 2. In all these cases, the adjectives are replaced by substantives in the following manner: (a.) The nouns signifying materials or the like, follow, as genitives, after the principal substantive; e.g. D'EN MED (Exod. xx. 22) a stone altar; (xxv. 11) a golden crown; altar;11(xxv. vessels; (Deut. (iii. 22) silver (Joshua xvii. 16) an iron chariot; v ji x. 1) a wooden chest; (Lev. xvi. 4) a linen coat.a (b.) The nouns implying a quality or the like, are preceded by substantives signifying man or woman, son or daughter, as ' or nie, ya or '; e.g. a passionate man is a man of passion (Prov. xv. 18); deceitful בַּעַל בְּנוֹת or בַּת בְּנֵי or בֶּן נְשֵׁי or אֵשֶׁת אַנְשֵׁי .Prov) אֵשֶׁת חַיִל Ps. lv. 24, men of deceit); and so) אַנְשֵׁי מִרְמָה men xxxi. 10) a virtuous woman; IN (Job xxii. 14) wicked men; (xxii. 24) an angry man; ' 'n (Gen. xxxiv. 30) few men (men of a small number); though sometimes or are omitted (§ 77. 16). 3. But in many other instances also, abstract nouns in the genitive are employed where other languages use adjectives, and sometimes even where adjectives exist in Hebrew; e.g. (Isai. i. 13) •T an offering of deceit, a deceitful offering; garments; ♫ '' (Isai. ii. 11) proud eyes; (Lev. xvi. 4) holy (Deuteron. xxxii. 4) faithful God; Diy ni (ver. 7) primeval days; PT IND (Lev. xix. 36) just balances; (Am. v.11) a delightful vineyard; D'ɔby) 'YD) (Isa. xvii. 10) lovely plants; TY (Ex. xx.13) a false witness; or with suffixes—which are of course appended to the second noun (§ 87. 11)-7 (Ps. ii. 6) My holy mountain; (Ps lix. 18) my merciful God; ¬ ** (Isai iii. 8) His TT: majestic eyes; 17" (Cant. iv.16) its delicious fruit; "yyy! (Isai. v. 7) his delightful plant.a 4. However, in a considerable number of cases, the noun which implies the quality precedes, in the construct state, the principal substantive; e.g. I cut down the height of its cedars, that is, its high cedars, or in the choice of its fir-trees, that is, “the its choicest fir-trees (2 Ki. xix. 23; Is. xxxvii. 24); and so 'n pa (Deut. xxxii. 41) my refulgent sword; (Jobxxxix.23) (Isai. xxi. 15) the grievous war; P (Exod. xiii. 3, 9) a strong hand, equivalent to pin the glittering lance and spear; the כָּל־הָאָרֶץ and always all, whole, properly entirety, as the entirety of the earth, the whole earth. About the construction of similar phrases see § 77. 17, 18.b 5. So extended is this usage, that even adjectives are often treated like abstract nouns, and in the construct state placed before the substantiyes which they might simply follow as qualifying epithets; e.g. 797 773 (Exod. xv. 16) by the greatness of Thy arm, that is, by Thy Samuel ) גְבֹחַ קוֹמָתוֹ and so ; בִּזְרְעֲךָ הַגְּדֹלָה great arm, instead of xvi. 7) his high stature; 8 778 (Jer. xv. 15) longsuffering; by pho (Isaiah lvii. 6) smooth stones; (Prov. xxii. 11) a pure heart; iji? (iv.18) the perfect day, noon; p (Ps.xlvi. 5) the holy abodes of the Most High; 7(cxlv.7) Thy great bounty. 6. Adjectives may naturally be used as nouns, if they have a partitive sense (some of); e.g. i min (Judg. v. 29) the wise among her ladies; (Isai. xxix. 19) the poor among the men; D'P'EN (Job xli. 7) strong shields; in 7 (Isai. xxxv. 9) a Comp.Gen. xvii. 8; Num. xxviii.6; Deuteron. xxxii. 20; 2 Sam. viii. 10; 2 Ki. xxv. 18; Isai. v. 24; xxiv. 10; xxviii. 1; liv. 12; Ezek. xvii. 23; Prov. xvii. 8; Dan. xii. 2; 2 Chr. xxxvi. 10. b Comp. Gen. xxiii. 6; Exod. xv. 4; Isai. i. 16; iii. 18; Ezek. xxvi. 20; Zech. xi. 13; Ps. lxxxviii. 7. ravenous beast;a especially if they have the meaning of the superlative; e.g. app (1 Sam. ix. 21) from the least of the tribes of Israel (see § 89.5); or if a substantive is obviously to be supplied; e. g. 7a (2 Ki. x.6) the mighty (men) of the city; TIN the All-powerful (God); 7 (the strong animal) the ram; (the warming luminary) the sun; ? (the white luminary) the moon; (the flowing waters) the streams. The adjectives which, as neuters, have the power of substantives, have been mentioned before (§ 84). 7. If adjectives denoting materials or qualities (Nos. 2, 3) form the predicate, the subject is, in the construct state, sometimes repeated before the nouns which replace those adjectives; e.g.y (Deut. iii. 11) his bed was of iron (properly his bed was a bed of iron); nyn “ ' (Zech. vi. 1) the mountains were of brass; but much more frequently the nouns alone are used, so that they assume the power of adjectives; e. g. name (Ezek. xli. 22) the altar was of 1: xix. 10) the judgments of the Lord are truthful;7(xxxv. 6) their way is dark; '' (Prov. iii. 17) her paths are truthful; in Dan 7 (Eccl. x. 12) the words of the wise man are pleasing; 728 17. '71 (Exod. xvii. 12) and his hands were firm; and sometimes an abstract noun is employed as predicate, even where such ellipsis cannot be understood; as D (Job xxvi.13) the heaven is resplendent (prop. splendour);, the earth was empty (Gen. i. 2); and even prayerful.c .modern e.g dreary and תהוּ וָבֹהוּ (Psalm cxix. 4) and I am 8. (a.) Appositions are in Hebrew, on the whole, employed as in modern languages; e.g. bayı-qba bang ay 717 (1 Sam. xxix. 3) David, the servant of Saul, the king of Israel; 10) my God, my Maker; a (Gen. xxxiii.18) and Jacob * Compare 1 Samuel xvii. 40; Isai. | lii. 14; Jer. xxxvii. 13; xliv. 2; Mic. xix. 11; Jer. x. 7; xxxi. 11; Ezek. vii. 24; Hos. xiii. 2; Mic. v. 4; Prov. xiv. 1; Job xli. 22. с b Comp. 2 Sam. xxi.16; Cant.iv.15. Comp. Gen. xliii. 27; Ex. ix. 31; xxvii. 3; xxxviii. 3; Lev. xxi. 6; Deut. xxxii. 4; xxxiii. 6, 25; 1 Sam. xxi. 6 ; 1 Ki. xvii. 24; Isai. xi. 10; xxx. 27; iv. 13; Psalm x. 5; xxiii. 5; lx. 13; lxxxviii. 19; cxix. 75; Job iii. 4; xv. 34; xix. 29; xxiii. 2; xxx. 3; xxxix. 20; Cant. ii. 15. d Comp. Gen. ix. 4; xix. 4; Deut. xxviii. 36; Judg.xx.11; 2 Sam.iv.11; Isaiah liv. 5; Daniel ix. 15; 2 Chron. xi. 31, etc. |