after that which appeared to me at first.a

11. Lastly, the interrogative pronoun (",) is, as in other languages, used for the relative pronoun, especially in the general or

T

.Judg) מִי יָרֵא וְחָרֵךְ יָשֹׁב .indefinite sense of whoever, whatever ; e. g מַה־שְׁאֵלָתֵךְ וִינָּתֶן־לָךְ ; vii. 3) whoever is afraid and timid may return

(Esth. ix. 12) whatever is thy request, it shall be given to theeb but

מִי אֲשֶׁר חָטָא לִי אֶמְחֶנּוּ מִסְפְרִי .e.g ; אֲשֶׁר sometimes it is followed by

(Exod. xxxii. 33) whoever has sinned against Me, him will I blot out

Eccl. i. 9) whatever has been that) מַה שֶׁהָיָה הוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה ;of My book

ד

EXERCISE XCIV.

will be again.°

a

Comp. Gen. xlvi. 27; 1 Ki. xi. 9; | liv. 15; Jer. 1. 44; Prov. ix. 4; Eccl. Isai. lvi. 3; Job ii. 11;

v. 9; 2 Chr. xxxvi. 23.

Ezra viii. 25.

§ 81. THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.

1. The pronouns and introduce both the direct and the

לֹא יָדַעְתִּי ? who has done this מִי עָשָׂה זאת .indirect question; e.g מִי־יַגִיד לָאָדָם ; I do not know who has done this מִי עָשָׂה זֹאת Eccl. vi. 12) who can tell a man what will happen) מַה־יִהְיֶה אַחֲרָיו

after him 2a

2. If the interrogative pronoun is the subject of a proposition, and a noun, a personal pronoun, or adjective the predicate, it includes the auxiliary verb (comp. § 78. 4); e. g. '-' (Gen. xxiv. 65) who

who is this ? (Gen. xxxiii. 5) who are these?

(5 .Esth. vii) מִי הוּא זֶה ? Ruth iii. 9) who art thou) מִי־אַתְּ ? is the man

מַה־פִּשְׁעִי ?Ps. lxxiv. 14) olho is a god as great as our God) כֵּאלֹהִים

(Gen. xxxi. 36) what is

my

sin?

3. Both and may follow a noun in the construct state, when they assume the meaning of the genitive whose? e. g. 'whose son?

Jeremiah) חָכְמַת־מָה ? whose or אֶת־שׁוֹר מִי ? whose daughter בַּת־מִי

(18 .Gen. xxxii) לְמִי אַתָּה .e.g ; אֶת־מִי for ? why ? the accusative is

viii. 9) what wisdom? b

4. The dative is naturally to whom?

for what? what

to whom dost thou belong? (2 Kings xix. 22) whom hast thou reproached ?c

5. Though who? of course refers to persons, and what? to objects, the former pronoun is sometimes employed in connection with nouns literally denoting objects, but involving, in a wider sense,

Deut. v. 23) literally) מִי כָל-בָּשָׁר .individuals or living beings ; e.g מִי לְךְ כָּל־הַמַּחֲנֶה הַזֶּה ? oho is all flesh ? i. e. who are all the people

(Gen. xxxiii. 8) who are all these composing thy camp? 'p

Comp. Gen. xxi. 26; xliii. 22; Ex. ii. 4; lxxxix. 48; Esth. viii. 1.

Job xxvi. 4; xxxviii. 29.

C 1 Sam. xiv. 7; Ps. xxxix. 7 ;

b Comp. Gen. xxiv. 23; 1 Samuel xii. 3; xvii. 55-58; Jer. xliv. 28;

Comp. Gen. xxxviii. 25; 1 Sam. ix. 20; xii. 3; xxviii. 11; xxx. 13; 2 Sam. iii. 12; Isai. vi. 8; xxviii. 29; Xxxvii. 23; Ruth ii. 5; Lam. i. 20.

"(1 Sam. xviii. 18) who am I and what is my life? "standing merely for the personal pronoun I (§ 78. 6. d).a

6. Both meaning accordingly,,as to whom?"

and are joined to prepositions, and modify their by whom? " (Ps. xxvii. 1) of whom? (Jon. i. 7) on account of whom? (§ 20. 2)

אֶל־מִי יַעַן מָה ?how long עַד־מָה ?how often כַּמָּה ? oherenith? how בַּמָּה

(Hag. i. 9) on what account? And not unfrequently they take the power of the adverbs how? why? wherefore? as app? (Am. vii. 2, 5) how shall Jacob stand? (Isai. li. 19) how shall I console thee? 787 (Ps. viii. 2) how glorious is Thy name! (Gen. xii. 18) why hast thou done this? b

7. Sometimes the particle (construct state of '☀ where? § 70. 8) precedes the demonstrative pronoun, whether the latter be joined to prepositions or not (,,, etc.), and then imparts to it the force of an interrogative pronoun, as (Isaiah lxvi. 1) which house? MANY (2 Sam. xv. 2) from what town art thou? nboy

alone לָזֹאת Jer. v.7) wherefore shall I pardon ? for) אֵי־לָזֹאת אֶסְלַח

means therefore.

On and used as relative pronouns see § 80. 11, as indefinite pronouns § 82. 6.

8. The simple direct question is commonly introduced by interrogativum (1, 1, or 7, § 20. 4), whether an affirmative or a negative answer is expected, or whether information in general is the object of the enquiry; e.g. ♫уT Лniq (Job xx. 4) dost thou not know this? DO (Gen. xxx. 2; 1. 19) am I in God's stead 2a

The , and

(2 Sam. xviii. 32) is the young man well?e

interrogativum is sometimes strengthened by the particle

occurs in each of the three combinations mentioned; e.g. apy in M (Gen. xxvii. 36) is he not justly named Jacob?

In the first and third case DN and D are occasionally used; e.g. JWT) ¬KIO TAME-ON (Isai. xxix. 16) shall the potter be esteemed like the clay then no os (1 Ki. i. 27) is this thing done by the king? ' '17!! I'8 ON] (Job vi.13) is there no help for me?a and in the first—that is, if a positive answer is understood b is usually employed,, and assumes the force of a confident assertion; e. g. (Mal. ii. 10) has not one God

created us?

(Num. xiv.3) it is indeed

9. Sometimes, however, the simple direct question is not indicated at all, and must be recognised as such by the context; e.g.,

(Lam. iii. 37) has not the Lord commanded? TN (Judg. xiv. 16) and should I tell it to thee?D DID ON (1 Sam. xxx. 8) shall I pursue after this troop? shall I overtake them.d

10. The simple indirect question is regularly introduced by interrogativum, e.g. De ni? (Gen. viii. 8) to see whether the waters had abated; and sometimes by DN, e.g. DN 7 (2 Kings i. 2) enquire whether I shall recover.

11. The double or disjunctive question, both in a direct and indirect form, has

(a.) in the first and DN (or DN) in the second part, whether both stand in contradistinction to or in co-ordination with each other; e.g.

Deut. viii. 2) to know whether thou) לָדַעַת הֲתִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֹתָיו אִם־לֹא הֲנֹטַע אֹזֶן הֲלֹא יִשְׁמַע אִם־יֹצֵר עַיִן ;emilt keep His commandments or not

(Ps. xciv. 9) He that planted the ear, shall He not hear?

or He that formed the eye, shall He not see? e

(6.) in the first, and in the second part, if both are co7 ordinated; e.g.

7n iby by man bebo (Job xiii. 7) will

you speak wickedly of God? or talk deceitfully of Him?f

a

Comp. Num. xvii. 28; Am. iii. 6. b Corresponding to the Latin nonne? c Compare Gen. xix. 20; Exod. iv. 11; Judges xi. 24; 1 Sam. xxvi. 25, etc., etc.

d Compare Gen. iii. 1; xxvii. 24; 1 Sam. xvi. 4; xxi. 16; xxii. 15; xxvii. 10; 2 Sam. xix. 23; Isaiah lvii. 13;

Jer. xxv. 29; Jon. iv. 11; Job ii. 9;
xxxviii. 18.

* Comp. Gen. xvii. 17; xxvii. 21;
xxxvii. 8; Ex. xvii. 7; Num. xiii. 19;
Judg. ix. 2; 2 Sam. xxiv. 13; Hab.
iii. 8, etc.

f Compare ver. 8; or is omitted, as in Job xxii. 4.

הֶחָזָק הוּא הֲרָפֶה e.) in either part ; e.g. you shall see the people)

whether it is strong or weak (Num. xiii. 18). "

(Job vi. 12) is my strength the strength of stones? or is my flesh of brass? (e.) in the first, and I in the second part; e.g. thou dost not know which is good mix whether this or that.