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pronouns and verbs, had, like the first, but one form common to both genders, namely the masculine, which being older and "nearer," was not unfrequently used for the feminine even when separate forms had been introduced for the latter gender. In this sense we enumerate the following instances as inaccuracies of agreement:

1. PRONOUNS. DAN (in Ezek. xiii. 20) refers to "daughters of thy people" (ver. 17); e (in Ruth i. 8, 22) to Naomi and, Ruth, or

הֵמָּה מְוֹלְכוֹת thoughts ; and we find מַחֲשָׁבוֹת in Ps. xciv. 11) to)

(Zech. v. 10), (Cant. vi. 8).

2. Suffixes of PARTICLES OR NOUNS. 1 (Ezek. ii. 9) refers to

ters-in-law;" and so further referring to feminine nouns, Dņix,

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DINY, D7'217, DJ'V and even D' (Ruth i. 19) both of them,

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4. VERBS. (a.) The second person plural of the past: Day
(Ezek. xxiii. 49) you know, referring to "the women;" D'Y
(Ruth i. 8) you have done, to "her two daughters-in-law;" so
further-

(b.) The singular of the imperative: (Judg. iv. 20); Dh
(Mic. i. 13; comp. Isai. xxxii. 11).

(c.) The plural of the imperative: 1777 (Isai. xxxii. 11); ❤❤ (Ezek. xxxvii. 4; Amos iv. 1).

a Gen. xli. 23; Exod i. 21; Lev. xviii. 30; Num. xxvii. 7; 2 Samuel vi. 22; Ezek. i. 6, 19, 20; Cant. vi. 6; Dan. viii. 9; comp. 1 Ki. xxii. 17 and 2 Chron. xviii. 16; 1 Chron. x. 7 and

1 Sam. xxxi. 7.

b Gen. xxxi 9, Exod. ii. 17, Judg. xxi. 22; Isai. iii. 16; Ezek. i. 6—13; xiii. 19; Zech. xi. 5; Job i. 14; Lam. ii. 20.

(Ezekiel

(d.) The second person singular of the future: Ni (xxiii. 32; xxvi. 14); ♫ (Jer. iii. 5); in♫

xxii. 4);

(Isaiah lvii. 8).

(e.) The second person plural of the future: T (Joel ii. 22);

.(8 .Cant. ii. 7; v) תְּעוֹרְרוּ תָּעִירוּ תַּגִּידוּ תִּמְצְאוּ

(f.) The third person plural of the future:

vi. 9);

abbi? (Cant.

(Dan. xi. 44); p, (Hos. xiv. 1); 7 (Gen.

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The third person singular both of the past and future may, in several instances which have been quoted as impersonal constructions (No. 15), likewise involve that irregularity of gender here treated of;

as

An (Jer. xlix. 16) thy fear has deceived thee; ny (Prov. ii. 10) knowledge is pleasant to thy soul; hence also ni (Hab. iii. 17) the fields yield no food, is being taken in a collective meaning, and standing for

(15 ,Jer. xlviii) שְׁדַּד מוֹאָב וְעָרֶיהָ עָלָה No. 9); and even) עָשְׂתָה

Moab is devastated, and her towns rise up in smoke (comp. No. 14. b, Isai. xxxii. 11).

5. SUFFIXES OF VERBS. it, referring to

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(Ex. xxii. 25) thou shalt return the garment. With this exception, the irregularity consists exclusively in a substitution of for the kindred letter, as in (2 Chron xxix. 3) he repaired them, referring to

new events; and so y" (Judg. xvi. 3); " (2 Ki. xviii. 16);

חֲדָשׁוֹת Isai. xlvii. 6) thou knewest them, to) יְדַעְתָּם ; doors דְּלָתוֹת

;(3 .Isai. xlviii) אַשְׁמִיעֵם ; (3 .Prov. vi. 21; vii) קָשְׁרֵם עֶנְדֶם כָּתְבֵם .Gen) וַיְסַתְּמוּם ;(17 .Ex. ii) וַיְגָרְשׁוּם ;(10 .Sam. vi 1) וַיַּאֲסְרוּם further the ,וַיַּאַסְרוּם Josh. iv. 8). In cases like) וַיַּעֲבִירוּם וַיַּנִיחוּם ;(18 .xxvi

seems to have been preferred because

might be mistaken for the simple third person plural with paragogicum.

After these broad outlines of the general structure of the language, the syntax of the various parts of speech will be introduced, as nearly as possible in the same order as that observed in the flexion of words.

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§ 78. THE PERSONAL AND REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS, AND THE SUFFIXES.

1. Although the personal pronouns are included in the finite verb, they are yet sometimes added superfluously, but chiefly by later writers; e.g. 'nph-ny DAN (Lev. xviii. 26) and you shall keep My

Sam. xx. 42) we have soorn both of 1) נִשְׁבַּעֲנוּ שְׁנֵינוּ אֲנַחְנוּ ; statutes 4.(12,13 .and I saw (Eccl. ii וְרָאִיתִי אֲנִי ;and I turned וּפָנִיתִי אֲנִי ;48

2. They are, however, necessarily employed with the verb― (a.) If they possess any emphasis, whether resting in themselves or derived from contrast (see § 75. 1).

(b.) If besides the pronoun contained in the verb, another subject

NI NIT DEN Y' (xiii. 1) and Abram went up

Gen. vi. 18) and thou shalt come) וּבָאתָ אַתָּה וּבָנֶיךָ .follows; e.g

,Jer. xliv. 17) we have done it) עָשִׂינוּ אֲנַחְנוּ וַאֲבֹתֵינוּ ;with his wife

with thy sons;

and our fathers.b

3. The accusative of the personal pronouns is usually expressed

,אוֹתִי by suffixes appended to the verb ($ 51. 1); but sometimes by

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