past Hiphil of to burn. 11. The to take refuge. 10. The future Niphal of to divide. 12. The second person masc. sing. of the past of Hiphil with suff. of to oppress. 13. The past Kal of to leap. 15. The past נָזָה to be feeble. 14. The future Kal of כָּהָה Hiphil of to bend. 16. The future Hiphil and Hophal of ? to smite. 17. The first person singular of the future of Kal with suff. of y to plant. 18. The future Hiphil of to contend. 19. The .to distort עָוָה 2o. The past Hiphil of past Niphal of p to be pure. .to heal רָפָא 22. The future 23. The past Piel of to be bare. 25. The future Niphal of 1. If a stranger sojourns (fut.) in your land, you shall not oppress 2. Instruct me, O Lord, in Thy way, and guide me in the him. path of rectitude. 3. I have instructed thee in the way of wisdom, I have made thee tread in the tracks of righteousness. 4. Thou shalt not say: as he has done to me, so I shall do to him; I will return to the man according to his deed. 5. Can a man take (fut.) fire in Can a man walk on his bosom, and his clothes not be burnt? hot coals, and his feet not be scorched? 6. The rich man rules (אֵין לִי) (fut.) over the poor (pl.), and the borrower is servant to the lender. 7. The Lord is merciful, and forgives (fut.) iniquity, and destroys not, and does not stir up all His wrath. 8. The Lord will make my light to shine, He will brighten up my darkness. 9. O Lord, bend Thy heavens, and descend (fut.), touch the mountains, that (!) they may smoke (fut.). 10. Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while (TY) the evil days do not come (fut.), nor the years approach, of which () thou shalt say, I have no (?-18) pleasure in them. 11. The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want; He makes me rest in green pastures, He leads me to waters of tranquillity. 12. The Lord annihilates the counsel of the nations; He destroys the devices of the peoples. 13. A man who strays from the way of reason, dwells in the assembly of the shadows. 14. The hail smote all the grass of the field, and broke away every tree of the field. 15. The destruction of the reckless comes (fut.) like the whirlwind. 16. When thou lendest (fut.) thy brother the loan of anything, thou shalt not go into his house to take his pledge: thou shalt stand without, and the man to whom thou lendest shall bring thee out () the pledge. 17. Go to the ant, sluggard, see her ways, and be wise. 18. Thou shalt not deliver up the servant, who escapes from his master to thee: he shall dwell with thee in thy midst (77), in the place which he may choose (fut.), in one of thy gates; thou shalt not oppress him. 19. I was young, and now (D) am old, and I have not seen the righteous man forsaken, nor his seed seeking bread. 20. A generation goes, and a generation comes, but (1) the earth stands (part.) for ever. 21. Through () the Lord we shall acquire strength, and He will tread down our enemies. 22. Not to us,, Lord, not to us, but to Thy name give honour, on account of Thy mercy and Thy truth. 23. You shall destroy the altars of the Canaanites, and break their statues, and cut down their figures of Astarte, and burn their images in fire. 24. The Lord will deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and He will shield thee with His wings. 25. The Lord gives bread to the hungry (plur.), He loosens the fettered, and opens the eyes of the blind. 26. The Lord will give strength to His people, He will bless His people with peace. N 178 F.-THE PARTICLES. § 69. I.-THE PREPOSITIONS. 1. The prepositions are, almost without exception, properly nouns, standing in the construct state either of the singular or of the plurai; e. g. (properly back, rear) or after, behind. They are taken as accusatives with absolute meaning, while the following noun is אַחֲרֵי or אַחַר הָאִישׁ regarded as a dependent genitive; e.g. he went Win the rear of the man, behind the man (comp. § 86. 4). Some prepositions of very frequent occurrence have been shortened, and are used as, prefixes, namely (from ' or ' in the interior of) within, in, and (from) to. It is evident that two or more prepositions may follow successively, since one construct state may govern another (§ 26. 2), and in this manner complex notions are conveyed with great power and clearness; e.g. (both implying the idea of progress and advance) until, towards, (properly in the limits of the interval) between, within, to the place behind, to the place opposite. 2. By constant usage, however, the prepositions lost much of their original force, and were hence employed in a variety of combinations not admitting of a direct etymological analysis, as properly portion, Therefore one of two connected, prepositions may be deprived of its .before מִנֶּגֶד לְ,even from אֶל־מִן ,from beyond מֵעֵבֶר division, in ;עַל above, are equivalent to מִלְמַעְלָה לְמַעֲלָה power altogether, thus מִן from, to לְמִן ; תַּחַת Sam. xxi. 5) beneath, to 1) אֶל־תַּחַת and מִתַּחַת On the other hand, one preposition sometimes includes the meaning of another one which is to be supplied, as Dy with, for Dy (Hosea xii. 1; Ps. lxxxv. 5). Many prepositions take suffixes, as withwith thee, etc.; " after after me, with me, after thee (see § 33). As, with the exception of the construct state, there exists no proper declension, a variety of prepositions are required to express the different relations of the noun. 3. The prepositions occurring in the Old Testament area 1. Denoting PLACE--they seem to have been the earliest in origin The fundamental significations only are here given; a more detailed account belongs to the province of a dictionary. as well as the most frequent in usage; they are often compounded with or or Ty, by TV, ? Ty, j Ty (Is. lvii. 9), 1 T (Ezr. iii. 13) to; עד ; to (לְמוֹ or poetically) אֱלֵי אֶל -ל or followed by ,מִן על־פְּנֵי אֶל־פְּנֵי בִּפְנֵי,(face פָּנִים properly in the fuce of, from) לִפְנֵי properly the) נֶגֶד ; before לְרַגְלֵי לְעֵינִי קִדְמַת ; opposite, before נֶגְדָה לְמִנְגֶד לְמִנְגֶד כְּנֶגֶד לְנֶגֶד (front part before; ? (Eccl. i. 10) from before; (infinitive Kal of to turn), towards, and so (from P, equivalent to the side before the face) before; (prop. the opposite side) or 132, (Ex. xiv. 2), Mai, mai inear, opposite; (prop. front part), before, by, upp towards; מִלְעָמַת,(conjunction עֶמָּה from) לְעָמַת ;to the place before עַד־נֹכַח מול .prop) עַד־לְבֹא ;prop. to the meeting of) towards לְקִרְאַת for) לִקְרַאת to the coming of), unto, till; (prop. side), by the side of, near; (or poetically 1) in; (from interval), ?? from between, and the plural מִבֵּין,till betneen עַל־בֵּין אֶל־בֵּין,between בְּעֵבֶר ; (9 ,8 .between, through (Joel ii בְּעַר ;between מִבֵּינוֹת לִ בֵּינוֹת (properly on the other side of), beyond, opposite, to the place beyond, in the place beyond, from the place be ,behind אַחֲרֵי or אַחַר ;Amos v. 27) beyond) מֵהָלְאָה לְ ;yond אֶל־אַחַר in the plage behind עַל־אַחֲרֵי,from behind מֵאַחֲרֵי מֵאַחַר properly upper) עַל ; behind, after בְּעַד ;to the place behind אֶל־אַחֲרֵי עֲלֵי .Chron 2) לְמַעֲלָה מִן ; from upon מֵעַל לְ מֵעַל part) or upon, xxxiv. 4) high above; ♬ (prop. the lower part, Cant. viii. 3), (Cant, ii. 6), (Job xxvi, 5) beneath, from beneath, naa-be, 5 nna-be, b n to the place beneath; (prop. in the circumference of), ? 'app, ni'ap, ap around; Ty about; nap a to a place אֶל־מִבֵּית לְ,within מִבַּיִת לְ ,(interior בַּיִת from) בֵּית לְ אֶל־מִחוּץ לְ,without מִחוּצָה לְ מִחוּץ לִ ,(prop. exterior) חוץ ; within to a place without; (prop. in the middle of) within, through, in through, in from within, from; (prop, in the inner מִצְפוֹנָה לְ מִצְפוֹן ? ;to the right hand of מִימִין לְ ; side of) within Job) לְמַן מִנִי or) מִן ;to the south of נֶגְבָּה מִן נֶגְבָּה לְ; the north of xxxix. 29), (Isa. xli. 26) from. About locale, see § 25. 4. By a natural metaphor, the prepositions of place are used for the expression of other relations also, especially— |