like foliage. 8. The righteousness of the honest saves (fut.) them, but the faithless are caught (fut.) in their malice. 9. Love and truth protect a king, and he supports his throne by () love. 10. The Lord will avenge the blood of His servants, and He will repay their adversaries. 11. The eye that scorns the father, and keeps not obedience towards the mother (the obedience of the mother)—the ravens of the valley shall pick it out, and the young eagles (the sons of the eagle) shall eat it. 12. He who digs (part.) a pit falls (fut.) into (?) it, and he who pulls down a wall, a serpent bites him.

§ 64. V.—VERBS WITH AS FIRST LETTER (OR "Ŋ).

1. By far the greatest number of the verbs commencing with✦ originally commenced, as the corresponding verbs in Arabic prove, with the weaker letter 1, which is in general considered too soft to begin Hebrew words.

2. However, the frequently returns when preceded by a praeformative; but where it would regularly require sh'va quiescens, it mostly rests in one of the two vowels cholem or shurek, with which it is homogeneous (§ 3. 4); e. g. the past Niphal of 7 to bring forth is

הִוְלִיד instead of יוֹלִיד הוֹלִיד the Hiphil ; נִוְלַד instead of נוֹלָד וְלַד הֶוְלַד instead of יוּלַד הוּלַד the Hophal ; יַוְלִיד

3. The infinitive, imperative, and future of Niphal, in which the first radical has dagesh forte, take the original without any alteration of vowel -747,717, bu, bun.

4. But the future of Kal has either", or throws out the first radical entirely; in the former case the rests in chirek, while the second syllable has pathach; in the latter, the vowel of the first syllable is always, and that of the second syllable generally, tsere; e.g. v, to

תלד אלד - ילד ; תִּיבָשׁ אִיבַשׁ - be dry

-

5. The past and participles of Kal, and the whole of Piel, Pual, and Hithpael,, in which, the, begins a syllable, are perfectly

6. The constr. infinit. and imperat. of Kal, are exactly analogous to the same forms of the verbs ', that is, they throw off the ', and the constr. infinit. takes the feminine termination or, as ?, y (from T); 72, 77, etc. (see § 63. 2 ; comp. Nos. 9, 10). 7. The following paradigm embodies the deviating forms.

L

8. The future of Kal and Hiphil with conversivum, removing

וַתּוֹלֶד וַיּוֹלֶד ; וַתֵּלֶד וַיֵּלֶד the accent to the penultima, is necessarily

(§ 17. ii. 1); but if standing in pausa, the future of Kal retains its usual form -7, 7, abu, Thai; wası, wa'ni, wat, wa'll, while the future of Hiphil is TN, Tim), Tim, ¬bia.

as

9. Some verbs "have the regular constr. infinit. of Kal with ', wy to be dry—wr, D to found—D, TP, to burn 10. The imperative also is sometimes regular, as py to pour-pis? (besides P, Ezek. xxiv. 3, 2 Ki. iv. 41), TT to descend -77 (besides 77, Judg. v. 13, Ex. xix. 21), or with paragogicum (Deut. xxxiii. 23) from T (besides and , Deut. ii. 24, 1 Ki. xxi. 15).

11. The first person singular of the future Niphal has always chirek

אִנָּתֵר אִנָּעַד אִיָּלֶד instead of segol, as

12. The verb to walk, is mostly conjugated as if the root were ; thus the constr. infinit. of Kal is; the imperat.,

etc.;

Hithpael (277,727).

13. There exist but few verbs properly ", that is, verbs, in which the is original and radical, and they are exclusively employed in Kal and Hiphil. In these modifications, the verb p to suck, is conjugated in the preceding table (p. 147).

14. The construct infinitive and imperative of Kal do not throw off the The future Kal with conversivum has either the form

has both

2

and (Gen. ix. 24; xxviii. 16).

15. The only verbs properly" occurring in the Old Testament, are to be good, (in Hiphil) to wail,

right; (in Hiphil) to change (Jer. ii. 11),

(in Hiphil) to go to the

(in Hiphil) to touch (Judg. xvi. 26, Kethiv), P to suck, to anoint (Exod. xxx. 32), to form, to awake, and to be even.

16. Some verbs ", with Y as second radical, are conjugated like verbs, to which they properly belong; for they assimilate the to the following by dagesh forte, in the future of Kal, the past and

participle of Niphal, in Hiphil and Hophal (§ 63.1). These verbs

,מַנִיב יַצִיב הִצַבְתִּי Hiphil נְצֶב נְצַבְתִּי to place (Niphal יָצַב ;are to יָצַע יְצַג Hophal ,אַצִיג הציג to set (Hiphil יָצַג (הֶצֵב Hophal

spread out (Hiphil y', Hophal y); while some other verbs share but partially the same peculiarity; namely, p to pour (Kal p pyn, py, py, Hiphil p, Hophal p), to create (Kal),

,יַצִית הַצִית IHiphil נִצְתוּ נִצְתָה Niphal תְּצַר to kindle (Kal יָצַת

.(מַצִית

17. Verbs

with a guttural as second radical, follow entirely

the analogy of and p, except that they have pathach in the construct infinitive and imperative of Kal; e. g. to appoint-TY"; to give. The verbs " which are at the same time tertiae gutturalis, share, besides, some other deviations of the latter class ($60); e.g. to know

KAL-Past YT (second pers. fem. sing., § 60. 8); infinitive yi, ny; imperative I ('97, 17), 77; future VIN, VT, VII,

וַיֵּדַע conversivum ו with ,נְדַע

; הַיָּדַעְנָה, הִנְדַע infinitive and imperative ; נוֹדַעַתְּ NiPHAL-Past

future (or N, No. 11, § 60. 11), VA, VII, VII,

תִּיָּדַעְנָה imperative ;הוֹדַע יְהוֹדִיעַ infinitive ; הוֹדִיעַ הוֹדַעַתְּ HIPHIL - Past ; תּוֹדַעְנָה,נוֹדִיעַ יוֹדִיעַ תּוֹדִיעַ אוֹדִיעַ future ;הוֹדַעְנָה הוֹדַע מוֹדִיעַ participle ; וַיּוֹדַע conversivum ו with יוֹדַע jussive

maynin;

V'TİA,

הוּדַעַת HoPHAL-Past

EXERCISE LXVI.

I. Conjugate:

1. The past Hiphil of to be dry. 2. The future Kal of to labour (form WIN). 3. The first pers. sing. of the future Kal with suffixes of to know. 4. The imperative Hiphil of to begin. 5. The future Hiphil of to prove. 6. The future Hophal of to be able. 7. The future Kal of to be joined (form N). 8. The past Hiphil of to be good. 9. The infinitive Niphal of ¶ to found. 10. The future Niphal of " to correct. II. The past Hiphil of ye to shine. 12. The future Hiphil of to set. 13. The future Kal of py to pour out. 14. The imperative and participle

T