§ 54. D.-INFINITIVE, IMPERATIVE, AND PARTICIPLE WITH SUFFIXES.

1. The construct infinitive of Kal (p) with suffixes is:

קָשְׁרוֹ,to bind thee קָשְׁרֵךְ and (קְשָׁרְךָ or) קָשְׁרְךְ,to bind me קָשְׁרֵנִי and קָשְׁרְכֶם,to bind us קָשְׁרֵנוּ,to bind her קָשְׁרָהּ,to bind him .to bind them קָשְׁרֵן and קָשְׁרֵם,to bind you קָשְׁרְכֶן

In nearly all these forms the predominant o begins the syllable in conse

(§ 4. 6. a).—When the infinitive has not the meaning of a verb, but of

קָשְׁרֵנִי קְשְׁרֵנִי קְשׁר quence of necessary modifications of the vowels,as

, נִי a noun, the suffix of the first person singular is of course '-, not

קָשְׁרָן קָשְׁרָם in both cases, though naturally their binding is

viz. " my binding; in the other persons, the suffixes are the same

2. The infinitive of Niphal, which, from its meaning, must always be regarded as a noun (as my being bound or my binding myself), never loses the kamets of the second syllable, whatever place this vowel may

הַקָּשֶׁרְכֶם הַקָּשְׁרוֹ הַקָּשֶׁרְךָ, הִקְשְׁרִי occupy with regard to the tone, as in pausa) קַשְׁרְךְ קַשְׁרֵנִי The infinitive of Piel with suffixes is .3 ,הַקְשִׁירְךְ הַקְשִׁירֵנִי - etc.; of Hiphil קַשְׁרֵךְ (4 ,2 .53 8 קַשְׁרֶךְ .etc ,הַקְשִׁירֵךְ

4. The IMPERATIVE of Kal with suffixes is:

bind קָשְׁרָהּ or קָשְׁרֶהָ ,lind him קָשְׁרֵהוּ,bind me קָשְׁרֵנִי .Sing. m .bind them קָשְׁרֵן קָשְׁרֵם,bind us קָשְׁרֵנוּ,her

קִשְׁרִין קִשְׁרִים קִשְׁרִינוּ קִשְׁרִיהָ קְשְׁרִיהוּ קִשְׁרִינִי .f קִשְׁרוּן קִשְׁרוּם קַשְׁרוּנוּ קִשְׁרוּהָ קִשְׁרוּהוּ קִשְׁרוּנִי .Plur. m. and f קַשְׁרוֹ or קַשְׁרֵהוּ קַשְׁרֵנִי The imperative of Piel with suffixes is .5 -הַקְשֵׁר instead of הַקְשִׁיר etc.; that of Hiphil takes always the form .etc ,הַקְשִׁירוֹ or הַקְשִׁירֵהוּ,cause me to bind הַקְשִׁירֵנִי

6. The PARTICIPLE may, like the infinitive, be treated either as a

as suffix of נִי noun or a verb, and may, therefore, have either - or

the first person singular; e.g. p is either binder or he who binds,

hence my binder, he who binds me; and so " and

the tsere of the ,כֶן and ,כֶם , Before מַקְשִׁירֵנִי and מַקְשִׁירִי מְקַשְׁרֵנִי

participle of Kal and Piel is changed into segol, analogous to nouns of the form (§ 31. ii. 1, 6), as 7, WP, T7WP?, 137WP?,

.(3 .see No) מְקַשְׁרֶךְ קְשְׁרֶךְ but in pausa

7. It may be remarked, in conclusion, that although the accusative of the personal pronoun is usually expressed by suffixes, it may also,

,thee אֹתָךְ אֹתְךָ,me אֹתִי and in certain cases must, be conveyed by

etc. (§ 19.9); as he bound me, he will bind you, insp bind him, to bind us (comp. Gen. xxv. 9 and xlviii. 7; xv. 13; Judg. xii. 6; Isai. xli. 16; Jer. xvi. 11, etc.; see §78).

EXERCISE XLIV.

I. Write down with suffixes:

1. The sing. masc. of the imperat. Piel of to learn. 2. The infin. Kal of p to cut off. 3. The plural of the imperat. Hiphil of

to remember. 4. The sing. masc. of the imperat. Kal of to visit. 5. The sing. fem. of the imperative Kal of to support. 6. The sing. masc. of the imperat. Piel of to receive. 7. The infin. Piel of to sanctify. 8. The sing. masc. of the imperat. Hiphil of to rule. 9. The plur. of the imperat. Piel of up to seek. 10. The sing. masc. of the imperat. Hiphil of 77 to separate. II. Analyse and translate the following forms :

With few exceptions, Hebrew verbs belonging to any of the irregular classes enumerated above (§ 37. 5) closely follow the conjugation of the regular verbs, from which they deviate only so far as the nature of their radical letters demands, in accordance with the general rules of the language. Hence the Hebrew " irregular

verbs are not properly anomalous in their inflexion, and offer very little difficulty, if the regular verbs and the properties of the letters (see especially §§ 16 and 17) have been mastered.

II. VERBS WITH GUTTURALS.

§ 56. GENERAL REMARKS.

Verbs with gutturals in their roots necessitate changes of signs and vowels, chiefly in those forms which ought to have either sh'va or dagesh forte, since gutturals take a compound sh'va instead of a simple sh'va mobile, and often even instead of sh'va quiescens, and they allow no dagesh forte, which is omitted, but compensated by the prolongation of the preceding vowel (comp. § 16). Verbs with a gutttural as first, second, or third radical, are called respectively verba primae, mediae, or tertiae gutturalis.

§ 57. A.-VERBS WITH A GUTTURAL AS FIRST LETTER.

The deviating forms of ph♫ to divide, are:

1. In KAL-Past Dp, ph; infin. constr. p; imperat.

The other forms are regular.

5. The reasons for most of these deviations are obvious, and will be easily inferred from the peculiarities above alluded to (§ 56).

The sh'va under the first radical in the future of Kal, the past and participle of Niphal, and the Hiphil and Hophal, is, indeed, considered as sh’va quiescens, as is proved by the dagesh lene in the second radical, if an aspirate--as,,, etc. (§ 50. 2). Yet that sh’va is, in its origin, undoubtedly shʼva mobile; for

stands for

etc., the praeformatives being provided with נִזְכָר for נִזְכַּר יְ זְכֹר

sh'va (comp. § 40. 2).

Hence the guttural, with a tendency to avoid the sh’va quiescens, returns to the original form, and starts in the future of Kal from

; תִּ־חֲלִיק in Hiphil from נִחֲלַק in the past of Niphal from יְ חֲלק תַּחֲלִיק נְחֶלֶק יַחֲלק but these forms are necessarily changed into

(§ 16. 4).

When, in these cases, the compound sh'va would regularly be followed by another sh'va mobile, it is also changed into the short vowel which it contains; such instances occur

However, many verbs primae gutturalis take, like the regular verbs, sh'va quiescens in the forms mentiond: this is always the case if the first letter is 7, as □ to sleep heavily-; it is frequently so,

if

times even, if the first letter is y,, or, as to trouble-by,

-and some ;יַחְסִיר הֶחְסִיר אֶחְסַר-to want חָסַר the first letter is n, as

עָבַר -to be great אָדַר מַהְבִּיל יֶהְבָּלוּ תְּהִבָּלוּ- to act vainly הָבַל ; נֶעְכָּר

יַחְבּשׁ and יַחֲבֹשׁ אֶחְבְּשָׁה and אֶחֶבֹשׁ-to fasten חָבַשׁ pound sh'va, as

77, 7; while some verbs fluctuate between simple and com

6. Many verbs primae gutturalis have pathach in the second syllable of the future of Kal (§ 40. 4); and chiefly the same verbs take, in the first, the vowel segol instead of pathach, evidently to avoid the succession of three pathachs; e.g. to be angry-IN FINE

, etc.; though some have cholem in the second, and yet segol in the first syllable, as I to gird-; while others have, in the first, promiscuously chateph-pathach and chateph-segol; e.g. van to

The imperative of Kal also has sometimes יַחֲבֹשׁ and אֶחֶבֹשׁ - fasten

ן:

-:

pathach, as pin to be strong— pin.

I. Conjugate:

EXERCISE XLV.

1. The past Niphal of to be dumb. 2. The future Hiphil of

-to believe. 3. The first pers. sing. of the future of Piel with suf אָמַן

fixes of to strengthen. 4. The imperative Niphal of D to bind. 5. The future Niphal of to turn. 6. The imperative Kal with

to gird. 7. The third pers. masc. sing. of Hiphil with חָגַר suffixes of

suffixes of pin to be strong. 8. The infinitives of Kal, Niphal, and Hiphil of to be active. 9. The participle of Niphal and Hiphil

of p to divide. 10. The future Kal of to be defiled. 11. The future Niphal of to think.

to עָבַד The future Hiphil of .12

.to חָלַק

to עָבַר serve. 13. The infinitives, imperative, and participles of Kal of

pass. 14. The past Niphal of to forsake. 15. The second pers.

masc. sing. of the future Kal with suffixes of

future Hophal of Thy to stand.

II. Analyse and translate the following words:

to help. 16. The

III. Provide the following words with vowels in every possible manner, so as to produce different forms of the verb, and add a short analysis (as in Exercise xxxvii):

תעטף - נעטף - עטף - העטף

and write the same ;יעטפו – מעטף - אעטף - העטיף - העטפתם

forms of P to divide, and

to turn.