6. The characteristic dagesh forte may be omitted if the second

,יְקַשְׁרוּ קִשְׁרוּ radical has sh'va, and is not an aspirate ($ 5. 5), as תִּקְשְׁרוּ קְשְׁרָה

The prevailing vowel in the second syllable of Piel is e, and of Pual a; and these vowels are resumed in pausa wherever they were

Tsere in the last syllable of Piel is, as in Niphal, changed into

.(6 .43 $) יְקַשֶׁר־בּוֹ קָשֶׁר־נָא קִשֶׁר־בּוֹ .segol if makkeph follows; e.g אֲקְשְׁרָה; נְקַשְׁרָה אֲקַשְׁרָה paragogicum is ה The future with קַשְׁרָה the imperative of Piel ; נְקְשְׁרָה

7. The participle of Piel and Pual, like that of the following modifications, begins with the praeformative, which is perhaps to be traced to the interrogative pronoun who? used in the sense of he who (see § 80. 8).

EXERCISE XXXIII.

I. 1. Conjugate the Piel of the following verbs :

The significations here given are those which the verbs have in Piel.

;to rescue מָלַט ; to gather לָקְט ;to teach לָמַד ; to praise זָמַר חָלַף .to lie שָׁמַר ; to complete שָׁלַם ;to burn incense קָטָר ;to pervert סָקַל ;to teach לָמַד ; to sharpen לָטַשׁ Conjugate the Pual of .2

to

stone; to complete; to overwhelm; to watch.

II. Translate the following forms:

§ 45. THE HIPHIL AND HOPHAL.

The characteristic praeformative of Hiphil and Hophal is :

6. The characteristic, being a weak letter, is thrown out after praeformatives provided with sh'va; hence the futures are

,אַקְשִׁיר ,מְהַקְשִׁיר for מָקְשָׁר מַקְשִׁיר the participles ,אֲהָקְשַׁר אֲהַקְשִׁיר for אָקְשֵׁר ,see $ 17. iii. 3). In Hiphil, those forms of the past, future) מְהָקְשָׁר

and imperative, which end in - or i, have not the tone, as is the case

etc. The futures with

תַּקְשִׁירוּ הִקְשִׁירוּ-in the other modifications

the imperative ; נִקְשְׁרָה אָקְשְׁרָה נַקְשִׁירָה, אַקְשִׁירָה paragogicum are ה הַקְשִׁירָה is

7. Those persons of the future Hiphil which have no afformative

possess another and shorter ,(נַקְשִׁיר יַקְשִׁיר תַּקְשִׁיר אַקְשִׁיר) letters ,נַקְשֶׁר יַקְשֵׁר תַּקְשֵׁר אַקְשֵׁר form with tsere in the last syllable, namely

which, analogous to the first person with paragogicum, denotes a command, or wish, or (with !) a sequence; hence means let him cause to bind, that he may cause to bind (p). It is hence called the jussire form of Hiphil. The tsere is of course changed into segol

cause
to
that
he
may
cause
to
bind

.(6 .43 $ see) יַקְשֶׁר־בּוֹ whenever it becomes toneless

8. The Hophal has sometimes kibbuts instead of the kindred kamets chatuph, as (Dan. viii. 11) for, (2 Chr. xxiv. 12)

EXERCISE XXXIV.

I. 1. Write the Hiphil of the following verbs :

☞ The significations here stated are those of the Hiphil.

to burn incense; to be angry; to observe; to throw;

2. Write the Hophal of to cause to reign, to throw.

II. Translate the following forms:

;to rescue מָלַט ; to cause to rain מָטָר קְטַר ; to cause to reign מָלַךְ

.to behold שָׁקַף ;to destroy שָׁמַר

$46. THE HITHPAEL.

The Hithpael has, like the Piel and Pual, a dagesh forte in the second radical, and takes, besides, at the beginning, the syllable 7:

6. The dagesh forte may, as in Piel, be omitted when the second

syllable is thrown out after praeformatives with sh'va, in the

see $ 44. 6). The n of the) תִּתְקַשְׁרִי הִתְקַשְׁרוּ radical has shva, as

אֶתְקַשֵׁר,,same manner as the n of Hiphil and Hophal (8 45.6); thus

etc. Tsere of the last ,מְהִתְקַשֶׁר for מִתְקַשֶׁר אֲהִתְקַשֶׁר stands for

syllable is changed into segol in exactly the same cases as in Piel (§ 44. 6).

7. The Hithpael of verbs beginning with the dentals,, D, Y, and 1, if regularly, formed, would have two successive sibilants, as

,In order to effect greater euphony אֶתְסַכָּל-סָכָל, הִתְשַׁמַּרְתִּי שָׁמַר

אֶסְתַּכֵּל הִשְׁתַּמַּרְתִּי - becomes a tenuis with dagesh lene

the

of the first syllable is placed after those, letters, whereby it

For a similar reason, verbs beginning with not only transpose this letter in Hithpael, but for greater harmony of pronunciation, into , which is more kindred to ; thus (Josh. ix. 12),

change the

becomes

(ix. 4). After the same analogy, is changed into 7, if the word begins with 1, the Hithpael of 2, for instance, being (comp. Dan. ii. 9, Keri).

8. If the first radical is 7,, or П, it is frequently assimilated to the characteristic of Hithpael,, e. g. 2 (Num. vii. 89) for

The same is occasionally .הִתְתַּפֶל Sam. xxii.27) for 2) הִתַּכֵּל מִתְדַּבֵּר

done with 1,, and .

EXERCISE XXXV.

Conjugate the Hithpael, of

to escape; up to gather; to compare; to scorn; to weigh.

A complete paradigm of the Regular Verb will be found on pages 106 and 107.

EXERCISE XXXVI.

I. 1. Write the first person singular, past and future, of the seven modifications of P, to be angry. 2. In the same manner, the first person plural of p? to gather. 3. The second persons masculine of 4. The second persons feminine of to compare. 5. The third persons masculine, of P to cut. 6. The infinitives, imperatives, and participles of to be safe, and of ? to learn.

.to govern מָלַךְ