Page Page ACADEMY, the first in the valley of Va........ 454 Dodridge, Rev. J., work of ............ Allen's Cave... 497 Dunmore's palace. 198 328 290 359 preacher confined at Fairfax.. Baptists, history and persecutions of.. 66 college of... 431 ..... 258 Eggleston, Major.... 174 498 254 543 Eulen's leap... 366 Banks, Linn.. 239 379 Fairfax, Lord....... 360 Foreman, Capt., defeat of....... 424 Fort Donnally, attack on......... Loudon... "Nelson, abandoned ..... 235 275 300 368 484 287 409 274 399 ... 440 66 Rice, attack of. 201 441 Savannah... 285 428 172 185 366 201 270 207 200 ...... 300 192 461 475 170 Declaration of Independence at Richmond.... 313 James City, battles in......... 287 Jefferson, President.. 319 168 214 Dodridge, Philip, anecdotes of 197 Joe Logston, anecdotes of.......... 445 267 Philips, Gen., death of.. place where she rescued Capt.Smith 282 267 Poes, the bravery of... 414 .361 366 366 ......... 150 Laws, ancient·· Law, Lynch, origin of... Lead Mines of Wythe. Lee, Gen. Charles..... Francis Lightfoot........... Richard Henry........ Lewis, Meriwether Gen. Andrew ..................... family..... Colonel Fielding.. Life in western Va. in eastern Va.. Longevity, list of remarkable cases of ་་ Powell's Fort Valley.... 212 Point of Fork, invasion of............ 191 Preaching, the first in western Va.... 510 Prince William, military events in the vicinity. 442 171 204 Quakers, persecution of...... 182 362 181 Randolph, John of Roanoke 482 426 ..... 271 .......... 283 192 293 .. 438 Page .......151 354 223 440 Edmund.... 313 Peyton ............ 333 378 243 River, the lost.... 300 Richmond Theatre, the burning of... 309 305 275 434 Rumsey, the first steamboat inventor.. 336 456 172 Salt, fossil... 469 260 Scotch-Irish, settlements of 451 .262 275 Scott, Gen. Charles...... 244 268 Major Joseph... 242 283 Gen. Winfield. 332 Scenery of the valley of Va........ 456 .......... 333 370 Settlements, early, in sw. Va..........189 382 444 179 ........312 539 Spring, Augusta.............. 177 Mercer. Gen. H................... Monumental Inscriptions at Hampton..... ...... 480 Alum. ..... 450 ........ 289 249 oldest in Virginia.... 261 203 262 396 216 at York..........521 523. 464 Hygeian .. 278 Howard................ 430 anecdote of..... 515 272 Moore house ........ Mountain scenery ......... Bridge.. Tunnel Gov.... Norfolk, burning of Obituary Moore family, captivity and murder of Moore's Lamentation, a song.. Moore, Hon. A......... Mahlenburg, Gen. P. Natural Pillars Nezro duel Nelson family, seat of.. Newspapers, first in Va.... 467 Red ....... 384 Shannondale.. 384 468 64 White Sulphur of Greenbrier. ..... 288 Slavery and tobacco..... 133 278 Slaughter, Capt....... 237 457 Southampton insurrection... 471 464 Spotswood, Gov., visit to the family of... 476 ...... 351 Statistics of 1840 160 295 Stephens, Gen.......... 191 ...... ......... 522 Stevens, Gen. E... 240 331 Stockton, Isabella, romantic courtship of...... 192 387 Superstition, anecdotes illustrating it at the present day 500 ....... 347 ......... 305 329 Stone structure, ancient, on Ware creek...... 391 .........166 212 215 245 Geo. Keith............ Thruston, Col., the warrior parson....... 234 283 281 Tories, the hanging of.... 358 Peter Wright, the hunter. Parson Cummings, anecdote of Peaks of Otter.... 499 insurrection of.. 301 .......................... 176 Trough-Hill, battle of..... .................................................. 172 Tyler, Judge 300 219 .......219 327 OUTLINE HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION, PROGRESS OF COMMERCE, ROANOKE SETTLEMENTS. Discovery of America.-England-Want of Commerce in early times.-Voyages of the Cabots.-Progress of English discovery-Frobisher-Gilbert-Raleigh.-Failure of the Roanoke settlements. THE claims of the Icelanders, the Welsh, and even the Norwegians,* to the discovery of America, seem in modern times to be universally set aside in favor of a native of a milder clime. Indeed, the evidence by which their respective claims were sought to be established was so vague, contradictory, and unsatisfactory,t and their discoveries, if proved, so entirely accidental, and useless to mankind, that it is not at all astonishing that all the merit should be given to that individual whose brilliant genius first demonstrated a priori the existence of a continent in the western waters, and whose adventurous daring‡ led him to risk his life in the search of a world, of the existence of which he was only informed by his science, with little aid of any human experience; or that posterity should give to COLUMBUS the undivided glory of an exploit for which he received only the ignominy of his contemporaries, and to Italy the honor due the birthplace of so distinguished a son, from whose brilliant achievements she has received little else. In 1460, the Portuguese discovered the Cape de Verd islands, and afterwards extended their discoveries farther south. This near prospect of an easier and more direct route to India, had already begun to excite the jealousy of the Venetians, who then nearly monopolized the trade of India, and to elevate the hopes of the Portuguese, who expected to enjoy a portion of the wealth and luxury which the Venetians derived from that trade; when the minds of both, and indeed of all Europe, were turned in another * Winterbotham's America, vol. I. p. 1 and 2, and Hinton's United States. + Bancroft's Hist. U. States, vol. I. p. 6, and notes. "L'Italie reparut, avec les divins tresors que les Grecs fugitifs rapportèrent dans son sein; le ciel lui révéla ses lois; l'audace de ses enfants découvrit un nouvel kémisphère." De Staël-Corinne. direction by the occurrence of an event in the history of maritime discovery, compared with which all others sunk into insignifi cance. This event was the discovery of America, by Christopher Columbus. The education of this daring mariner, his disOct. 11, 1492. appointments and dangers, his difficulties and his brilliant success, or the melancholy story of his sad reverses, and the example afforded in him of the ingratitude of kings, it is not the purpose of the writer to narrate. He refrains from recounting so temptingly interesting a narrative, because it would lead him too far from his purpose, which is only to narrate succinctly the progress of navigation and discovery to the time of the first colony settled in Virginia,-and because the same story has been so well told by Robertson, Irving, and others, that it ought to be familiar to all. Notwithstanding the advances in navigation which have been enumerated, the art of ship-building was still in such a rude and imperfect state, that the vessels in which Columbus embarked on an unknown sea, a modern mariner, with all the advantages of modern science, would scarcely venture in, to cross the Atlantic. The largest was a vessel of no considerable burden,* and the two others scarcely superior in burden to large boats, and the united crews of the three only amounted to ninety men, including officers, and a few gentlemen, adventurers from Isabella's court. But notwithstanding these inadequate means for the prosecution of maritime discovery, the ardor of enterprise was so much excited by the brilliant achievements of Columbus, the greedy thirst for gain, and hope of finding some country abounding in gold, together with the eager desire which still prevailed of discovering some passage through the great continent of America, which might lead to India, that in twenty-six years from the first discovery of land by Columbus, the Spaniards had visited all of the islands of the West Indies-they had sailed on the eastern coast of America from the Rio de la Plata to the western extremity of the Mexican Gulf-they had discovered the great Southern Ocean, and had acquired considerable knowledge of the coast of Florida. It is also said that these voyages in search of a nearer passage to the East Indies, had extended much farther north, but not however until that country had been discovered by the seamen of another nation, of whose exploits in the field of maritime adventure we shall presently speak. The great interior was still unknown, the whole western and the extreme southeastern coasts were still undiscovered, and the long line of coast from Florida to Labrador had only been seen, and touched upon in a few places. England did not at an early period make those advances in navigation, to which the eminent advantages of her insular situation * Robertson-Hist. America, 49. |