7 παντα θεοῖς ἀνέθηκαν Ομηρός θ' Ησίοδός τε ὅσσα παρ' ἀνθρώποισιν ὀνείδεα καὶ ψόγος ἐστί, καὶ πλεῖστ ̓ ἐφθέγξαντο θεῶν ἀθεμίστια ἔργα, κλέπτειν, μοιχεύειν τε καὶ ἀλλήλους ἀπατεύειν. 8 ἐκ γαίης γὰρ πάντα, καὶ εἰς γῆν πάντα τελευτᾷ. 9 πάντες γὰρ γαίης τε καὶ ὕδατος ἐκγενόμεσθα. 10 γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ πάντ' ἐσθ' ὅσα γίνοντ ̓ ἠδὲ φύονται. 11 πηγή δ' ἐστι θάλασσ ̓ ὕδατος, πηγὴ δ' ἀνέμοιο· οὔτε γὰρ ἐν νέφεσιν <πνοιαί κ' ανέμοιο φύοιντο ἐκπνείοντος> ἔσωθεν ἄνευ πόντου μεγάλοιο οὔτε ῥοαὶ ποταμῶν οὔτ ̓ αἰθέρος ὄμβριον ὕδωρ ἀλλὰ μέγας πόντος γενέτωρ νεφέων ἀνέμων τε καὶ ποταμῶν.

12 γαίης μὲν τόδε πεῖρας ἄνω παρὰ ποσσὶν ὁρᾶται αἰθέρι προσπλάζον, τὰ κάτω δ' ἐς ἄπειρον ἱκάνει. 13 ἦν τ' Ίριν καλέουσι, νέφος καὶ τοῦτο πέφυκε πορφύρεον καὶ φοινίκεον καὶ χλωρὸν ἰδέσθαι.

7. Sext. Emp. Math. ix. 193 and i. 289 combined.

V. 3: MSS. ὅs, Karst. καὶ.

8. Sext. Emp. Math. x. 313; Stob. Ecl. Phys. i. p. 294, Dox. 284; Schol. Vill. and Schol. Min. to Homer, Il. H 99.

9. Sext. Emp. Math. ix. 361 and x. 313; Eustath. Il. H 99, p. 668, 60. 10. Simplic. Phys. 41 r 189, 1, attributes this verse to Anaximenes on the authority of Porphyry. Joh. Philoponus (Phys. i. 188 b 30) attributes it to Xenophanes on the same authority.

MS. γίνονται, corr. Diels.

11. Schol. Genev. to Homer, Il. I 199, 2. V. Sitz. d. berl. Akad. June 18, 1891. I have inserted Diels' emendation in lines 2 and 3. The first line also occurs in Stob. Flor. ed. Gais. iv. App. p. 6.

12. Achill. Tat. in Isagoge ad Aratum (Petavii Doctr. Tempor. iii. p. 76). Cf. Aristotle, de Xenophane, &c., 2; 976 a 32.

V. 2: καὶ ῥεῖ προσπλάζον, τὰ κάτω δ' εἰς, Karst. αἰθέρι.

13. Eustath. Ι. Λ 24, p. 827, 59; Schol. Vill. ad Il. Λ 27 and Schol. Leyd. in Valckenaer, Diatr. Eurip. p. 195.

7. Homer and Hesiod attributed to the gods all things which are disreputable and worthy of blame when done by men; and they told of them many lawless deeds, stealing, adultery, and deception of each other.1

8. For all things come from earth, and all things end by becoming earth.2

9. For we are all sprung from earth and water.3

10. All things that come into being and grow are earth and water.

11. The sea is the source of water and the source of wind; for neither would blasts of wind arise in the clouds and blow out from within them, except for the great sea, nor would the streams of rivers nor the rain-water in the sky exist but for the sea; but the great sea is the begetter of clouds and winds and rivers.

12. This upper limit of earth at our feet is visible and ftouches the air,† but below it reaches to infinity.1

13. She whom men call Iris (rainbow), this also is by nature cloud, violet and red and pale green to behold.

1 Zeller, 525, n. 3. Cf. Diog. Laer. ix. 18; Sext. Emp. Pyrrh. i. 224. * Cf. Stob. Ecl. Phys. ii. 282, ἐκ πυρὸς γὰρ τὰ πάντα καὶ εἰς πῦρ τὸ

Távta Teλeutâ, which Karsten does not assign to Xenophanes.

3 Zeller, 541, n. 1. Cf. Sext. Emp. Pyrrh. ii. 30.

4 Cf. Arist. de Coelo ii. 13; 294 a 21.

14 καὶ τὸ μὲν οὖν σαφὲς οὔτις ἀνὴρ γένετ ̓ οὔδε τις ἔσται εἰδὼς ἀμφὶ θεῶν τε καὶ ἅσσα λέγω περὶ πάντων· εἰ γὰρ καὶ τὰ μάλιστα τύχοι τετελεσμένον εἰπών, αὐτὸς ὅμως οὐκ οἶδε· δοκὸς δ' ἐπὶ πᾶσι τέτυκται. 15 ταῦτα δεδόξασθαι μὲν ἐοικότα τοῖς ἐτύμοισι. 16 οὔτοι ἀπ' ἀρχῆς πάντα θεοὶ θνητοῖς ὑπέδειξαν, ἀλλὰ χρόνῳ ζητέοντες ἐφευρίσκουσιν ἄμεινον. 17 πὰρ πυρὶ χρὴ τοιαῦτα λέγειν χειμῶνος ἐν ὥρῃ ἐν κλίνῃ μαλακῇ κατακείμενον, ἔμπλεον ὄντα, πίνοντα γλυκὺν οἶνον, ὑποτρώγοντ ̓ ἐρεβίνθους· τίς πόθεν εἰς ἀνδρῶν; πόσα τοι ἔτε ̓ ἐστί, φέριστε ; πηλίκος ἦσθ' ὅθ' ὁ Μῆδος ἀφίκετο ;

18 νῦν αὖτ ̓ ἄλλον ἔπειμι λόγον, δείξω δὲ κέλευθον.

καί ποτέ μιν στυφελιζομένου σκύλακος παριόντα
φασὶν ἐποικτῖραι καὶ τόδε φάσθαι ἔπος·
παῦσαι μηδὲ ῥάπιζ', ἐπεὶ ἡ φίλου ἀνέρος ἐστίν
ψυχή, τὴν ἔγνων φθεγξαμένης ἀίων.

5

14. Sext. Emp. Math. vii. 49 and 110, and viii. 326. Vv. 1-2: Plut. aud. poet. 17 E; Laer. Diog. ix. 72. Vv. 3-4: Hipp. Phil. 14, Dox. 565; Origen, Philos. xiv. vol. i. p. 892; Galen, de diff. puls. iii. 1, viii. p. 62. Last half line: Sext. Emp. Pyrrh. ii. 18; Proklos in Tim. p. 78, &c.

V. 1: Sext. Diog. ἴδεν. V. 3: Galen ἢν γὰρ καὶ τὰ μέγιστα τύχῃ τετελεσμένα, Hipp. τύχῃ.

15. Plut. Symp. ix. 746 B. 16. Stob. Flor. xxix. 41 G,

Karst. reads δεδόξασται.
Ecl. Phys., I. 224.

V. 1: Flor. ἐπέδειξαν, Εcl. παρέδοξαν. V. 2: Ecl. MS. Flor.

ἐφευρίσκουσιν, other MSS. ἐφεύρισκον.

17. Athen. ii. p. 54 E. V. 3: Eustath. p. 948, 40.

18. Diog. Laer. viii. 36; Suidas, v. Ξενοφάνης. Anthol. Graec. i. 86, p. 345, ed. Bosch. prefixes two verses which Karsten assigns to Apollodoros on the evidence of Athen. 418 Ε.

V. 1: MSS. vûv oův τ', corr. Steph. V. 3: Suidas onoí y'. V. 5:
Karst. τῆς. Suidas BE φθεγξαμένην.

14. Accordingly there has not been a man, nor will there be, who knows distinctly what I say about the gods or in regard to all things, for even if one chances for the most part to say what is true, still he would not know; but every one thinks he knows.'

15. These things have seemed to me to resemble the truth.

16. In the beginning the gods did not at all reveal all things clearly to mortals, but by searching men in the course of time find them out better.

17. The following are fit topics for conversation for men reclining on a soft couch by the fire in the winter season, when after a meal they are drinking sweet wine and eating a little pulse: Who are you, and what is your family? What is your age, my friend? How old were you when the Medes invaded this land?

18. Now, however, I come to another topic, and I will show the way.... They say that once on a time when a hound was badly treated a passer-by pitied him and said, "Stop beating him, for it is the soul of a dear friend; I recognised him on hearing his voice.'

1 Zeller, 549, n. 2. Burnett, 'All are free to guess.'

72

THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS OF GREECE

19 ἀλλ' εἰ μὲν ταχυτῆτι ποδῶν νίκην τις ἄροιτο
ἢ πενταθλεύων, ἔνθα Διὸς τέμενος
πὰρ Πίσαο ῥοῇσ ̓ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ, εἴτε παλαίων,
ἢ καὶ πυκτοσύνην ἀλγινόεσσαν ἔχων,
εἴτε τὸ δεινὸν ἄεθλον, ὃ παγκράτιον καλέουσιν,
ἀστοϊσίν κ' εἴη κυδρότερος προσορᾶν,
καί κε προεδρίην φανερὴν ἐν ἀγῶσιν ἄροιτο,
καί κεν σῖτ ̓ εἴη δημοσίων κτεάνων

5

ἐκ πόλεως καὶ δῶρον, ὅ οἱ κειμήλιον εἴη·

εἴτε καὶ ἵπποισιν, ταῦτά χ ̓ ἅπαντα λάχοι,

10

οὐκ ἐὼν ἄξιος, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ· ῥώμης γὰρ ἀμείνων
ἀνδρῶν ἠδ ̓ ἵππων ἡμετέρη σοφίη.

ἀλλ' εἰκῆ μάλα τοῦτο νομίζεται· οὐδὲ δίκαιον
προκρίνειν ῥώμην τῆς ἀγαθῆς σοφίης.
οὔτε γὰρ εἰ πύκτης ἀγαθὸς λαοῖσι μετείη,

15

οὔτ ̓ εἰ πενταθλεῖν, οὔτε παλαισμοσύνην,

οὐδὲ μὲν εἰ ταχυτῆτι ποδῶν, τόπερ ἐστὶ πρότιμον
ῥώμης ὅσσ ̓ ἀνδρῶν ἔργ ̓ ἐν ἀγῶνι πέλει,

τοὔνεκεν ἂν δὴ μᾶλλον ἐν εὐνομίῃ πόλις εἴη·

σμικρὸν δ ̓ ἄν τι πόλει χάρμα γένοιτ' ἐπὶ τῷ, 20 εἴ τις ἀεθλεύων νικῷ Πίσαο παρ' ὄχθας·

οὐ γὰρ πιαίνει ταῦτα μυχοὺς πόλεως.

20 ἁβροσύνας δὲ μαθόντες ἀνωφελέας παρὰ Λυδῶν,
ὄφρα τυρρανίης ἦσαν ἄνευ στυγερῆς,
ᾔεσαν εἰς ἀγορὴν παναλουργέα φάρε ̓ ἔχοντες,
οὐ μείους ὥσπερ χίλιοι εἰς ἐπίπαν,
αὐχαλέοι, χαίτῃσιν ἀγαλλόμενοι εὐπρεπέεσσιν,
ἀσκητοῖς ὀδμὴν χρίμασι δευόμενοι.

19. Athen. x. 413 F.

5

V. 3: Schneidewin poàs, cf. v. 21. V. 5: MSS. Tí, Wakef. тd. V. 6: Vulg. πρὸς ἄκρα, Jacobs προσορᾶν from MS. A προσέραν. V. 8: MSS. σιτείη, corr. Turnebus. V. 10: Dindorf connects with the preceding line and reads οὔ κ' ἔοι ἄξιος. V. 15: Α λαοῖσιν ἔτ ̓ εἴη, corr. Steph.

20. Athen. xii. p. 526.

V. 1: MSS. ἀφροσύνας, corr. Schneider V. 2 : Vulg. ἐπὶ στυγερής, corr. Dindorf. V. 4: AB ὥσπερ, PVL ἤπερ. V. 5: Last word: Schneidewin ταναῇσιν, Bergk' prefers ἀγάλμασί τ'.