Графични страници
PDF файл
ePub

29. The sun will not overstep his bounds; if he does, the Erinnyes, allies of justice, will find him out.

30. The limit of the evening and the morning is the Bear; and opposite the Bear is the boundary of bright Zeus.

Strabo regards this as a Homeric expression for the fact that the northern circle is the boundary of rising and setting. Zeus aithrios means the clear heavens.

31. If there were no sun, it would be night.

32. The sun is new every day.

33. (Herakleitos and Demokritos bear witness that Thales was an astronomer, and predicted eclipses, etc.)

34. The seasons bring all things.

'Time is not motion of a simple sort, but, so to speak, motion in an order which has measure and limits and periods. The sun, guardian of these, . . . appoints and announces the seasons, which, according to Herakleitos, bring all things.'

35. Hesiod is the teacher of most men; they suppose that his knowledge was very extensive, when in fact he did not know night and day, for they are one.

36. God is day and night, winter and summer, war and peace, satiety and hunger; but he assumes different forms, just as when incense is mingled with incense; every one gives him the name he pleases.

* D

37. εἰ πάντα τὰ ὄντα καπνὸς γένοιτο, ῥῖνες ἂν διαγνοίεν.

38. †αί ψυχαὶ ὀσμῶνται καθ' "Αιδην.†

39. τὰ ψυχρὰ θέρεται, θερμὸν ψύχεται, ὑγρὸν αὐαίνεται, καρφαλέον νοτίζεται.

40. σκίδνησι καὶ συνάγει, πρόσεισι καὶ ἄπεισι.

41-42. ποταμοῖσι δὶς τοῖσι αὐτοῖσι οὐκ ἂν ἐμβαίης· ἕτερα γὰρ (καὶ ἕτερα) ἐπιρρέει ὕδατα.

43. μέμφεται τῷ Ὁμήρῳ Ηράκλειτος εἰπόντι· ὡς ἔρις ἔκ τε θεῶν ἔκ τ ̓ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλοιτο· οἰχήσεσθαι γάρ φησι πάντα.

44. πόλεμος πάντων μὲν πατήρ ἐστι πάντων δὲ βασιλεύς, καὶ τοὺς μὲν θεοὺς ἔδειξε τοὺς δὲ ἀνθρώπους, τοὺς μὲν δούλους ἐποίησε τοὺς δὲ ἐλευθέρους.

37. Arist. de sensu 5, p. 443 & 21.

38. Plut. de fac. in orbe lun. 28, p. 943 E. Patin, Einheitslehre, p. 23, points out that this so-called fragment is probably due to a misunderstanding of the passage in Aristotle (Fr. 37).

39. Schol. Tzetz. ad Exeg. in Iliad. p. 126, Hermann. Cf. Hippokrates, περὶ διαίτης 1, 21 ; Pseudo-Herakl. Epist. v.

40. Plut. de EI 18, p. 392 B. V. Pseudo-Herakl. Epist. vi.

41. Plut. Quaes. nat. 2, p. 912 A. First half: Plato, Krat. 402 ▲; Arist. Metaph. xiv. 5, p. 1010 a 13; Plut. de sera num. vind. 15, p. 559 c; de EI 18, p. 392 A; Simplic. in Arist. Phys. 17 p. 77, 32; Ibid. f. 308 v.

Plato and Simpl. read ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν ποταμόν. Byw. inserts καὶ ἕτερα ; cf. his fr. 42 infra.

42. Arius Didymus in Euseb. P. E. xv. 20, p. 821. [Cf. Sext. Emp. Pyrrh. hyp. iii. 115.] ποταμοῖσι τοῖσι αὐτοῖσι ἐμβαίνουσιν ἕτερα καὶ ἕτερα ὕδατα ἐπιρρεῖ.

43. Simpl. in Arist. Cat. p. 104 ▲ ed. Basil. (Scholl. in Arist. 88 b 28); Schol. Ven. ad Il. xviii. 107, and Eustath. p. 1133, 56. Cf. Arist. Eth. Eud. vii. 1, p. 1235 a 26; Plutarch de Isid. 48, 370 D; Numen. in Chalcid. on Tim. 295.

44. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 9. First part: Plut. de Iside 48, p. 370 » ; Prok on Tim. 54 a (cf. 24 b); Lucian, quomodo hist. consc. 2; Icar. 8.

37. If all things should become smoke, then perception would be by the nostrils.

Arist. Some think that odour is a smoky exhalation,

. . and that every one is brought in contact with this in smelling. So Herakleitos says that if all things,' etc. The reference is originally to the conflagration of the universe [¿Túρwois].

38. Souls smell in Hades.

Plutarch adds the reason: Because they retain a perception of what is fiery.

39. Cool things become warm, the warm grows cool; the wet dries, the parched becomes wet.

40. It scatters and brings together; it approaches and departs.

This follows the next fragment, as illustrating change.

41-42. You could not step twice in the same rivers; for other and yet other waters are ever flowing on,

43. Herakleitos blamed Homer for saying: Would that strife might perish from among gods and men! For then, said he, all things would pass away.

Aristotle assigns a different reason: For there could be no harmony without sharps and flats, nor living beings without male and female, which are contraries.

44. War is father of all and king of all; and some he made gods and some men, some slaves and some

free.

45. οὐ ξυνίασι ὅκως διαφερόμενον ἑωυτῷ ὁμολογέει· παλίντροπος ἁρμονίη ὅκωσπερ τόξου καὶ λύρης.

46. τὸ ἀντίξουν συμφέρον. ἐκ τῶν διαφερόντων καλλίστην ἁρμονίαν. πάντα κατ' ἔριν γίνεσθαι. 47. ἁρμονίη ἀφανὴς φανερῆς κρείσσων.

48. μὴ εἰκῇ περὶ τῶν μεγίστων συμβαλώμεθα. 49. χρὴ εὖ μάλα πολλῶν ἵστορας φιλοσόφους ἄνδρας εἶναι.

50. γναφέων ὁδὸς εὐθεῖα καὶ σκολιὴ μία ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ αὐτή.

51. ὄνοι σύρματ ̓ ἂν ἕλοιντο μᾶλλον ἢ χρυσόν.

52. θάλασσα ὕδωρ καθαρώτατον καὶ μιαρώτατον, ἰχθύσι μὲν πότιμον καὶ σωτήριον, ἀνθρώποις δὲ ἄτοπον καὶ ὀλέθριον.

53. Sues coeno, cohortales aves pulvere (vel cinere) lavari. 54. βορβόρῳ χαίρειν.

45. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 9. Cf. Plato, Symp. 187 ▲, Soph. 242 D; Plut. de anim. procr. 27, p. 1026 в.

MSS. ὁμολογέειν, corr. Miller. Cf. (Bywater 56) Plut. de trang. 15, 473; de Is. 45, 369; Porphyr. de ant. nym. 29; Simpl. Phys. 11 r 50, 11. These writers give παλίντονος; παλίν τροπος is probably from Parmenides v. 59 ; Plutarch inserts κόσμου.

46. Arist. Eth. Nic. viii. 2, p. 1155 b 14. Cf. Theophr. Metaph. 15; Arist. Eth. Eud. vii. 1; 1235 a 13. These are rather summary

phrases than quotations.

47. Plut. de anim. procr. 27, p. 1026 c; Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 9-10. 48. Diog. Laer. ix. 73.

49. Clem. Al. Strom. v. 14, p. 733.

50. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10. MSS. γραφέων, corr. Duncker. The MSS. reading may be a participle introducing the quotation, and wrongly included in the excerpt, as Tannery suggests (Science hellén. pp. 198 ff.).

51. Arist. Eth. Nic. x. 5, p. 1176 a 6. Cf. Albertus M. de veget. vi. 401 (p. 545 Mey.) R. P. 40 B : ‘Boves . . . felices . cum inveniant orobum ad comendum.' Bywater, Journal Philol. 1880, p. 230.

52. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10. Cf. Sext. Emp. Pyrrh. hyp. i. 55. 53. Columella, de R. R. viii. 4. Cf. Galen, Protrept. 13, p. 5 ed. Bas. 54. Athen. v. 178 F. Cf. Clem. Al. Protrept. 10, p. 75; Sext. Emp. Pyrrh. hyp. i. 55; Plotin. Enn. i. 6, p. 55.

45. Men do not understand how that which draws apart agrees with itself; harmony lies in the bending back, as for instance of the bow and of the lyre.

V. Bernays, Rhein. Mus. vii. p. 94. Reading TaλívTOVOS from fragment 56, we obtain the meaning ' opposite tension' more distinctly.

46. Opposition unites. From what draws apart results the most beautiful harmony. All things take place by strife.

Quoted by Aristotle as an illustration of the search for a deeper principle, more in accordance with nature.

47. Hidden harmony is better than manifest.

48. Let us not make rash conjectures about the greatest things.

49. Men who desire wisdom must be learners of very many things.

50. For woolcarders the straight and the crooked path is one and the same.

51. Asses would rather have refuse than gold.

52. The sea is the purest and the foulest water; it is drinkable and healthful for fishes; but for men it is unfit to drink and hurtful.

Quoted by Hippolytos as an example of Herakleitos' identification of opposites.

53-54. Swine like to wash in the mire; barnyard fowls in the dust.

« ПредишнаНапред »