16. πολυμαθίη νόον ἔχειν οὐ διδάσκει· Ἡσίοδον γὰρ ἂν ἐδίδαξε καὶ Πυθαγόρην αυτίς τε Ξενοφάνεα καὶ Ἑκαταῖον.

17. Πυθαγόρης Μνησάρχου ἱστορίην ἤσκησε ἀνθρώπων μάλιστα πάντων καὶ [ἐκλεξάμενος ταύτας τὰς συγγραφὰς] ἐποίησε ἑωυτοῦ σοφίην, πολυμαθίην, κακοτεχνίην.

18. ὁκόσων λόγους ἤκουσα οὐδεὶς ἀφικνέεται ἐς τοῦτο, ὥστε γινώσκειν ὅτι σοφόν ἐστι πάντων κεχωρισμένον.

19. ἓν τὸ σοφόν, [ἐπίστασθαι γνώμην ᾗ κυβερνᾶται πάντα διὰ πάντων]. (65) λέγεσθαι οὐκ ἐθέλει καὶ ἐθέλει Ζηνὸς οὔνομα.

20. κόσμον < τόνδε > τὸν αὐτὸν ἁπάντων οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησε, ἀλλ ̓ ἦν αἰεὶ καὶ ἔστι καὶ ἔσται πῦρ ἀείζωον, ἁπτόμενον μέτρα καὶ ἀποσβεννύμενον μέτρα.

16. Diog. Laer. ix. 1. First part: Aul. Gell. N. A. praef. 12; Clem. Al. Strom. i. 19, p. 373: Athen. xiii. p. 610 в: Julian, Or. vi. p. 187 d; Proklos in Tim. 31 F.

πολυμαθῆ MSS. Clem. Athen.

17. Diog. Laer. viii. 6. Cf. Clem. Αl. Strom. i. 21, p. 396.

Schleiermacher omits ἐκλεξάμενος τ. τ. συγγραφὰς : Vulg. ἐποιήσατο ἑαυτοῦ, the text is from Laurent. ed. Cobet: Casaubon καλοτεχνίην.

18. Stob. Flor. iii. 81.

19. Laer. Diog. ix. 1; Plut. de Is. 77, p. 382 c. Cf. Kleanthes, H. Z. 36; Pseudo-Linos, 13, Mul. Byw. 65; Clem. Αl. Strom. v. 14, p. 718 (Euseb. P. E. xiii. 13, p. 681); Cf. Bernays, Rhein. Mus. ix. 256. The fragments are combined by Gomperz, 1. c.

ἥτε οἱ ἐγκυβερνήσει Diog. Laer., τοῦ φρονοῦντος ᾧ κυβερνᾶται τὸ σύμπαν, Plut., γνώμης ᾖ . . . πάντα κυβερνᾷς. Kleanth.

20. Clem. Al. Strom. v. 14, p. 711 (Euseb. P. E. xiii. 13, p. 676). First clause: Plut. de anim. procr. 5, p. 1014 A. Last clause: Sim. in Arist. de coelo, p. 132, Kars.; Olympiod. in Plat. Phaed. p. 201, Fine Bywater traces the thought through writers of Stoical school.

μέτρῳ Euseb. ed. Steph. p. 132.

16. Much learning does not teach one to have understanding; else it would have taught Hesiod, and Pythagoras, and again Xenophanes, and Hekataios.

17. Pythagoras, son of Mnesarchos, prosecuted investigations more than any other man, and [selecting these treatises] he made a wisdom of his own-much learning and bad art.

18. No one of all whose discourses I have heard has arrived at this result: the recognition that wisdom is apart from all other things.

V. Teichmüller, i. 109 ff. on the idea of katharsis in
Herakleitos.

19. Wisdom is one thing: [to understand the intelligence by which all things are steered through all things]; it is willing and it is unwilling to be called by the name Zeus.

The first two clauses follow Fr. 16 in Diog. Laer. ; the idea in parenthesis often appears in Stoic writers.

20. This order, the same for all things, no one of gods or men has made, but it always was, and is, and ever shall be, an ever-living fire, kindling according to fixed measure, and extinguished according to fixed

measure.

Zeller, i. 645 n. 1, discusses the various interpretations, and prefers to translate the first phrase 'This world, the same for all,' i.e. including gods and men.

21. πυρὸς τροπαὶ πρῶτον θάλασσα· θαλάσσης δὲ τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ γῆ, τὸ δὲ ἥμισυ πρηστήρ.

22. πυρὸς ἀνταμείβεται πάντα καὶ πῦρ ἁπάντων, ὥσπερ χρυσοῦ χρήματα καὶ χρημάτων χρυσός.

23. θάλασσα διαχέεται καὶ μετρέεται ἐς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ὁκοῖος πρόσθεν ἦν ἢ γενέσθαι †γῆ†.

25. ζῇ πῦρ τὸν γῆς θάνατον, καὶ ἀὴρ ζῇ τὸν πυρὸς θάνατον· ὕδωρ ζῇ τὸν ἀέρος θάνατον, γῆ τὸν ὕδατος.

26. πάντα τὸ πῦρ ἐπελθὸν κρινέει καὶ καταλήψεται.

27. τὸ μὴ δυνόν ποτε πῶς ἄν τις λάθοι ;

28. τὰ δὲ πάντα οἰακίζει κεραυνός.

21. Clem. Al. Strom. v. 14, p. 712 (Euseb. P. E. xiii. 13, p. 676). Cf. Hipp. Ref. haer. vi. 17.

πῦρ τροπὰς Eus. D, πυρὸς τροπάς Eus. F G, ed. Steph.: θάλασσα Eus. F. ; elsewhere θαλάσσης.

22. Plut. de EI 8, p. 388 E; cf. Philo, de incor. mun. 21, p. 508; Diog. Laer. ix. 8; Herakl. alleg. Hom. 43; Euseb. P. E. xiv. 3, p. 720 &c. Probably only the word aueißoua comes from Herakleitos; cf. the two forms of Fr. 31 in Plutarch.

23. Clem. Al. Strom. v. 14, p. 712 (Euseb. P. E. xiii. 13, p. 676).

Euseb. omits γῆ, Schuster reads γῆν: πρόσθεν Eus., πρῶτον Clem. 24. Philo, Leg. all. iii. 3, p. 88, de vict. 6, p. 242; Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10. Cf. Plut. de EI 9, p. 389 c.

25. Maxim. Tyr. xli. 4, p. 489. Cf. M. Antoninus, iv. 46. Plut. de ΕΙ 18, p. 392 € (Eus. P. E. xi. 11, p. 528) and de prim. frig. 10, p. 949 Δ, gives simply πυρὸς θάνατος ἀέρος γένεσις.

26. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10.

27. Clem. Αl. Paedag. ii. 10, p. 229. τις, τινα Schleierm., τι Gataker. 28. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10. Cf. Klean. H. Z. 10.

piet. p. 70, Gomp.

Philodem. de

21. The transformations of fire are, first of all, sea; and of the sea one half is earth, and the other half is lightning flash.

Zeller, i. 647 n. 1, regards πρησrýp as identical with
Kepaνrós of Fr. 28. Burnett, Early Greek Philo-
sophy, p. 153 n. 53, suggests fiery stormcloud,
Seneca's igneus turbo.

22. All things are exchanged for fire, and fire for all things; as wares are exchanged for gold, and gold for

wares.

23. (The earth) is poured out as sea, and measures the same amount as existed before it became earth. V. Lassalle, ii. 63; Heinze, Logos, p. 25; Schuster, p. 129; Zeller, i. 690 n. 1.

24. Want and satiety.

Context: Fire is intelligent and the governing cause of all things. Herakleitos calls it want and satiety. In his opinion want is the process of arrangement, and satiety the process of conflagration.

25. Fire lives in the death of earth, and air lives in the death of fire; water lives in the death of air, and earth in that of water.

Not accepted by Zeller, i. 676, who regards it as a
Stoic version of Fr. 68.

26. Fire coming upon all things will test them, and lay hold of them.

Burnett suggests that the reference to a judgment (KOLVEEL) was inserted by Hippolytos to obtain the Christian idea of a judgment.

27. How could one escape the notice of that which never sets?

Cf. Schuster, p. 184; Zeller, i. 649 n. 2; Teichmüller, i. 184.

28. The thunderbolt directs the course of all things. Cf. Fr. 19.

29. ἥλιος οὐχ ὑπερβήσεται μέτρα· εἰ δὲ μή, Ερινύες μιν δίκης ἐπίκουροι ἐξευρήσουσι.

30. ἠοῦς καὶ ἑσπέρης τέρματα ἡ ἄρκτος, καὶ ἀντίοι τῆς ἄρκτου οὖρος αἰθρίου Διός.

31. εἰ μὴ ἥλιος ἦν, εὐφρόνη ἂν ἦν.

32. νέος ἐφ' ἡμέρῃ ἥλιος.

34.* ὧραι πάντα φέρουσι.

35. διδάσκαλος δὲ πλείστων Ἡσίοδος· τοῦτον ἐπί στανται πλεῖστα εἰδέναι, ὅστις ἡμέρην καὶ εὐφρόνην οὐκ ἐγίνωσκε· ἔστι γὰρ ἕν.

36. ὁ θεὸς ἡμέρη εὐφρόνη, χειμὼν θέρος, πόλεμος εἰρήνη, κόρος λιμός· ἀλλοιοῦται δὲ ὅκωσπερ ὁκόταν συμμιγῇ < θύωμα> θυώμασι· ὀνομάζεται καθ ̓ ἡδονὴν ἑκάστου.

29. Plut. de exil. 11, p. 604 a; de Iside 48, p. 370 D. Cf. Hipp. Ref. haer. vi. 26; Iambl. Prot. 21, Ρ. 132.

Pseudo-Herakl. Ep. ix. reads πολλαὶ δίκης Ἐρινύες, ἁμαρτημάτων φύλακες: Plut. 370 D reads λανθάνειν φησὶ τῇ πάντων γενέσει καταρώμενον, ἐκ μάχης καὶ ἀντιπαθείας τὴν γένεσιν ἐχόντων ; ἥλιον δὲ μὴ ὑπερβήσεσθαι τοὺς προσήκοντος ὅρους· εἰ δὲ μή, γλώττας [κλῶθας, Hubman] μιν δίκης ἐπικούρους ἐξευρήσειν.

30. Strabo, i. 6, p. 3. Vulg. adds yàp after nous.

31. Plut. Aq. et ign. 7, p. 957 A. Cf. Plut. de fort. 3, p. 98; Clem. Al. Prot. 11, p. 87; Somn. Scip. 1, 20.

32. Arist. Met. ii. 2, p. 355 a 9; Alexander Aph. in Met. 1. 1. 93 a; Olymp. in Met. 1. 1.; Prokl. in Tim. p. 334 B. Cf. Plotin. Enn. ii. 1, p. 97; Plato, Polit. vi. p. 498 в (and Schol.); Olymp. in Plat. Phaed. p. 201 Finc.

33. Diog. Laer. i. 23 yields no fragment. 34. Plut. Quas. Plat. viii. 4, p. 1007 Ε.

p. 416 A; M. Antonin. ix. 3.

Cf. Plut. de def. orac. 12,

35. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10. MSS. εὐφροσύνην, corr. Miller.
36. Hipp. Ref. haer. ix. 10 (cf. v. 21).

After λιμός Bergk inserts from Hippolytos τἀναντία ἅπαντα ἑυτὸς
νέος. Bergk adds oἶvos after ὅκωσπερ, Schuster after θυώμασι;
Bernays suggests θύωμα after συμμιγῇ, Zeller ἀὴρ, Diels πῦρ.
MSS. read συμμιγῆ.

* I keep Bywater's numbers, though I omit some of his fragments. Such omissions are referred to in the critical notes.