the Negroes, we have but to direct our attention to the West Indies, where it may be traced in bloodshed, murder, and desolation! What gave rise to the insurrectionary horrors of Demerara, a few years ago, but the mischievous and irreligious instigation of fanatical and ferocious missionaries?-What originated the havoc, the senseless destruction of property, the terrific conflagration and revolting massacres of Jamaica? The same inordinate desires, the same demonlike feelings, operated in both cases.

Next in review comes Negro Emancipation-a measure, the origination of which, however creditable it might be to the commiserating feelings of Wilberforce, was by no means honourable to his perceptive faculties or his understanding: the same observation will apply to those who have pursued and ultimately completed the measure, as far at least as relates to legal enactment. We must wait for the sequel: they have proceeded upon the principle that the Negro and the white man are equal in everything but colour; that the personal form of the latter is not superior to that of the African, nor has he the least well-founded pretensions for the claim of higher intellectual capacity. A more erroneous doctrine, or a system more pregnant with mischief and misery, was never promulgated! In the same species of the brute creation, varieties are continually presented; why, then, should we hesitate to admit in the human being that diversity which is observable throughout animated nature, in beautiful accordance no doubt with the divine system, which is placed beyond the reach of our wisely-limited faculties?

The abolition of the slave trade found many unreasonable, senseless advocates. I give the following as a specimen :-In the early part of the year 1833, I happened to be at the Blossoms Inn, Chester; I made one

of seven who were breakfasting in the Commercial Room. The conversation turned upon Negro emancipation, when I made a few observations in the same feeling as those which precedingly appear; I was fiercely contradicted by a person directly opposite, who insisted that the only difference between the sable race and the white variety of human nature, was the colour of the skin, and "perhaps (said my antagonist) the Blacks may have rather thicker lips." I asked him if he should feel any objection for his daughter to enter into a matrimonial connexion with one of those beings whose cause he so impetuously advocated, supposing the latter possessed ample means to procure for her the comforts of life?— when he paused, he wriggled, dropped his nether lip, but made no reply: thus tacitly admitting the wide distinction of the two races which he had been so insultingly anxious to identify.

Let it not, however, be supposed, that, because I do not approve of the principle upon which the administration of the country proceeded for the abolition of the slave trade, I am therefore opposed to a measure of Negro emancipation founded upon a physiological basis, and consistent with reason and justice. That one man ought not to hold another in bondage cannot be denied as a general principle; but as far as relates to slavery in the West Indies, the question ought to have been more calmly and more philosophically considered, more deliberately viewed in all its bearings, ere the Legislature passed that unwise enactment, which can scarcely fail to produce the most disastrous consequences to the very beings whose condition its professed object was to ameliorate and improve. I am well aware that this doctrine was not listened to by those ignorant brawlers, to whom Wilberforce acted the part of a political pioneer, but it is not the less judicious on that account; nor have I the

least doubt that the result of the measure of emancipation will be disasterously different from the inconsiderate predictions of its more honest and conscientious promoters.

Before I proceed further in the examination of the subject, I will quote the opinion of that great naturalist and sound philosopher, Cuvier, upon the varieties of the human species, and the physiological characteristics by which they are so distinctly marked, and in which the Negro race forms a conspicuous, if not a leading, feature.

"Three of the varieties of human nature are eminently to be distinguished from each other-the White or Caucasian, the Yellow or Mongolian, the Negro or Ethiopian. The Caucasians, to which we Europeans belong, is remarkable for the beautiful oval form of the head, and from it have proceeded those people who have attained the greatest civilization, and have held dominion over the rest. It varies in complexion, and the colour of the hair. The Mongolian is recognised by its prominent cheek bones, flat face, narrow oblique eyes, straight black hair, scanty beard, and olive tint. From it have arisen the great empires of China and Japan, and by it some great conquests have been achieved; but its civilization has always remained stationary. The Negro race is confined to the south of the Atlas chain: its complexion is black, hair woolly, skull compressed, nose flattened, muzzle projecting, lips thick, and it nearly approaches the monkey. The natives which compose it have always remained in a comparatively barbarous state.

"The Caucasian race is subdivided into three great branches, and is supposed to have had its origin in that group of mountains situated between the Caspian and the Black seas. The Syrian branch spread to the south, and produced Assyrians, Chaldeans, Arabs, Phœnicians,

Jews, Abyssinians, and probably Egyptians. From this branch, always inclined to scepticism, have arisen the religious doctrines most generally adopted. Sciences and letters have sometimes flourished among them, but always under some strange shape, or in some figurative style. The Indian, German, or Pelasgic branch took a still wider range, and the affinities of its four principal languages are more multiplied. The Sanscrit, which is still the sacred language of the Hindoos, is the parent of most of the Hindostanee tongues. The Pelasgic was the source whence came the Greek, Latin, and the present dialects of the south of Europe; the Gothic or Teutonic, whence are derived the north and north-west languages, such as German, Dutch, English, Danish, Swedish, and other varieties; and lastly, the Sclavonic, whence came the languages of the north-east, viz., the Russian, the Polish, the Bohemian, and the Vendean. It is this great and respectable branch of the Caucasian race which has carried philosophy, science, and art to their present perfection, and of which it has been the depository for thirty centuries. The inhabitants of the north, such as the Samoyedes, the Laplanders, and the Esquimaux, come, according to some, from the Mongolian race, and according to others they are the degenerated offspring of the Scythians. The Americans cannot be clearly brought back to either of our races of the Old World; and yet, nevertheless, they do not possess a sufficiently precise character to form a distinct race. The copper complexion is far from being enough; their black hair and their beard would approach them to the Mongolian, if their differently marked features did not oppose this idea. Their languages are as numerous as their nations; and no one has yet been able to seize on demonstrative analogies between themselves, or between them and the inhabitants of the ancient continent."

If, then, the Negro, by the unerring wisdom of Providence, has been placed in the lowest degree of human nature, removed to an immeasurable distance from the white man, can anything be more ridiculous than the futile attempt to elevate him to a station in society for which he was not intended, and which he is physically and mentally incapable of attaining? As in the decided inferiority of his form, and even in the very tone of his voice, he recedes from the superior classes of the human species, and particularly from the Caucasian variety, so in his disposition, his feelings, his wants, and his propensities, he approaches the brute creation precisely in the same manner. In his own country, we find him the same as he has ever been-the naked savage. Depending on precarious means for subsistence, he sometimes riots in abundance, and at others experiences the keenest sensations of want. Incapable of appreciating the lofty sentiments which so distinctly mark civilized from savage life, we find him revengeful, cowardly, and cruel, qualities strikingly illustrated in the following recital:—

In 1804, the 3rd Ceylon Regiment was raised, consisting of Caffres, procured by the instrumentality of Portuguese agency, through the island of Mosambique from Caffraria. It being found very difficult to communicate any rational notions to them, the name of each was written on a label, and tied round his neck; nor was it without the most persevering industry they were brought to an approximation of order and discipline. On the 17th of February, 1809, a detachment of these men formed the advanced guard of a body of troops under the orders of the Hon. Colonel St. Leger, at Travancore. They fell in with a party of the enemy at the village of Agrecoil, and were ordered to charge: they would not however advance, but mani