CHAP. VII.
Of particles.

1 Particles connect parts, or whole
fentences together.

2 In them confifts the art of well
fpeaking.

3, 4 They fhow what relation the
mind gives to its own thoughts.

5 Inftance in but.

6 This matter but lightly touched
here.

SECT.

CHAP. VIII.

Of abftract and concrete terms.

1 Abstract terms not predicable one
of another, and why.

2 They show the difference of our
ideas.

SECT.

CHAP. IX.

Of the imperfection of words.

1 Words are used for recording and
communicating our thoughts.

2 Any words will ferve for record-
ing.

3 Communication by words, civil or
philofophical.

4 The imperfection of words, is the
doubtfulness of their fignification.
5 Causes of their imperfection.
6 The names of mixed modes doubt-

ful: First, Because the ideas they
ftand for are fo complex.

7 Secondly, Because they have no
ftandards.

8 Propriety not a fufficient remedy.
9 The way of learning these names
contributes alfo to their doubtful-
nefs.

10 Hence unavoidable obscurity in an-
cient authors.

11 Names of substances of doubtful fig-
nification.

12 Names of substances referred. First,
to real effences that cannot be
known.

13, 14 Secondly, To co-exifting quali-
ties, which are known but imper-
fectly.

2, 3 First, Words without any, or
without clear ideas.

4 Occafioned by learning names be-
fore the ideas they belong to.

5 Secondly, Unfteady application of
them.

6 Thirdly, Affected obfcurity by
wrong application.

7 Logic and dispute has much con-
tributed to this.

8 Calling it fubtilty.

9 This learning very little benefits
fociety.

10 But destroys the inftruments of
knowledge and communication.

11 As useful as to confound the found
of the letters.

12 This art has perplexed religion and
justice.

13 And ought not to pass for learn-
ing.

14 Fourthly, Taking them for things.
15 Inftance in matter.

16 This makes errors lafting.
17 Fifthly, Setting them for what they
cannot fignify.

18 V. g. putting them for the real ef-
fences of fubftances.

19 Hence we think every change of