CONTENTS,

GOVERNMENTS and Peoples.-The foundation of all stable systems. Christianity in relation to the Principles of conservatism and radicalism -The five stages.-Christianity, the printing press, the English, American, and French revolutions.

-Solidarité of Peoples.-Democracy, the problem of all ages.— The crowning victory of Democracy.-Manhood.-Representation.-Nationality.-Association. The fundamental Principles of the four great revolutions-American Puritanism.-Providential education of the Peoples.- Democracy of the future. ---Oligarchy in America.-Aristocracy "revolting."-England not with them.-The bases of anti-popular Policies.-America drills.-The army of the future. Universal questions. English questions,-India, Canada, and Cotton.-Universal popular reaction.-The perils of England.-The tendencies of anti-English policy.-Slavery a part of Oligarchy.-Fate of Democracy. The Exodus of Oligarchy.-Essential antagonisms in the future.-The political Unity of America.-The Principle of Federation.-Tremendous import of the general issues.-Number and inveteracy of the questions.-The interest universal.-The Settlement absolute.

For four thousand years the People had had experiments of Governing tried upon them.

Government by the few had repressed the life and energies of the many. Government by the many had resulted in anarchy. Scarcely ever were freedom and authority united, and never for long, or thoroughly.

On the whole, it cannot be concealed, that certain brilliant exceptions only proved the rule of Government to be neither good, nor indifferent, but after the average and alternating fashion, of Priest, Beast, Fool, or Devil.

The Priest ruled men's Bodies by misleading

their souls. The Beast ruled their souls by embruting their Bodies. The Fool attempted to make the past fit the present, and to hand down the present to the future. The Devil had only to combine and perpetuate the faults of his brethren.

America asked the question propounded by the same race in England. Is this state of things fated to be eternal? Is it of the nature and essence of Government, and of man, that Governments shall be unstable and farmed by families, factions, or individuals?

Eighteen hundred years before, Christianity,the soul of all revolutions, as of all conservatism, --had already answered this question. If the Soul be immortal, its welfare must be the rule of action, -not that of State anatomy, of a class, or of a system. The culture, character, and Destiny of the Individual, must be the foundation of all social and political systems.

The value of the individual,-of the unit,-this great principle, the very savour and salt of all true conservatism, and the root itself of Radicalism, were destined to decompose all systems opposed to it.

Absolutism, Priestcraft, Oligarchies, all that did not allow of, or that could not consist with, the freedom, morality, intelligence, self-government and progress of the MAN, were but as so many forms of a more refined or postponed anarchy,-so many lies or half lies, that must of necessity fall away, as this single central truth should be proclaimed and accepted.

This Truth taught the Man to govern himself,

by principles of self-government and restraint that would not conflict, but coincide with, the rights of others, and the just authority of the State.

But this Truth had first to be revealed, and then propagated. It must be gradually taught by precedent, and commended by example, as each great epoch brought its lesson and its moral.

Christianity, we say, made this change possible. The Printing press made it practicable. It gave an impulse to propagandism, power to public opinion, and a basis to the Principle of popular association.

The English revolution made the first precedent of representative Popular Sovereignty.

The Americans, upon a wider bases of popular Sovereignty, established the principle of National Independence.

The French sought upon these principles the Union of all Peoples against all tyrannies.

The present contest is the result of a great national movement against an insurgent oligarchy. It is not a revolution, but a reconstruction upon the principles of the revolution. It affirms Authority and Freedom,-Democracy, Morality, and Nationality, at once.

The friends of Slavery are the foes of all true nationality and popular propagandism. They resolve themselves into two classes,-Oligarchs and Anarchists. Those who do not believe that the People can ever be prepared for self Government, and those who plot that the self Government of the American People shall now end.

But with "non Intervention" against Peoples,

They

they may plot but they cannot execute. cannot combine, and are little likely to succeed in destroying and reversing the results of all the blood and enterprise of the three great revolutions of the world, or in bringing back the era of revolutions, and the old-world cycles when the Individual and the State contended.

The question of all ages has been how to complete and maintain a Nation by the Principles of Democracy.

The effort, and test, and progress of civilisation, is how to involve ever a fuller complement of the national intelligence and will in the Government, and thereby to build upon the broadest base, and to achieve the good of a greater and ever greater proportion of the all.

Democracy is the self-government of Peoples, and self-government is the crowning victory of morals and of Statesmanship.

Freedom generates self-command; self-command justifies freedom.

It is the double problem of the best Government and the broadest base.

A good autocrat is a bad principle of Government, for Kings must die, but nations are eternal.

To set for the universal national life, the Hazard of the Die of a single life, is but gambling on a magnificent scale. Autocracy is better than anarchy. Oligarchy better that autocracy. But oligarchy, autocracy, and anarchy, are alike weak, vicious, and incomplete, and Democracy is that towards and of which all other forms of Government are but approaches, delegations, and assumptions,-the will and the well-being of the universal people.

When the History of the World began we know not, but we know that the reign of the People was made possible only by the Christian religion, and that the History of "the People," began with the history of America.

The first revolution levelled the exclusive pretensions of Judaism, revealed the infinite in Man, made right co-extensive with the Soul, and evoked therefrom the energies of Progress, and the necessity of Law.

Other revolutions are but the completions, or developments of the first.

The second revolution, the English, asserted the rights of man under the principle of represen

tation.

The third, the American, established the rights of "Nationality," and combined the two fundamental conditions of national life, namely, freedom, and executive efficiency. The one by the reconstruction of 1787, the other, by "the Declaration."

The fourth, the French, established, and sublimely yearned and fought for the crowning Principle of Democracy, its cement, its guarantee, its Unity, the "Solidarité of Peoples," the right and the necessity of Democracy all over the world, to stand by its order.

And all three, we say, are based upon Christianity, which teaches the infinite value of the Soul, and its personal and relative duties and rights. Manhood. Representation. Nationality. Asso

ciation.

The

Christianity taught the rights of man. rights of man involved the rights of nations. The